不同血清前列腺特异抗原水平前列腺癌超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导穿刺活检的对比

目的 比较不同血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平下超声造影微血管成像(MFI)与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的价值.方法 对65例血清PSA升高(≥4 ng/ml)的患者行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检,分为A(4 ng/ml≤PSA＜10 ng/ml)、B(10 ng/ml≤PSA＜20 ng/ml)、C(PSA≥20 ng/ml)三组,活检前行经直肠灰阶、彩色多普勒能量图(CDE)及MFI检查.在超声引导下对每例患者行底、中、尖三切面12点穿刺.以病理结果为金标准,比较不同PSA水平组中MFI与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的价值.结果 65例患者有230针穿刺活检病理诊断为前列腺癌.A组、B组中MFI检出恶性病灶的敏感度均高于灰阶及CDE(P＜0.01),C组中MFI的敏感度、准确率及阴性预测值均高于灰阶及CDE(P＜0.01).三组间MFI靶向引导前列腺活检的敏感度和准确率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对不同PSA水平前列腺癌,MFI均较常规超声靶向引导穿刺活检的敏感性高.     

超声造影引导改良穿刺在低水平PSA前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨超声造影引导改良穿刺在低水平PSA(前列腺特异性抗原)前列腺癌诊断中的应用。方法:收集新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院可疑前列腺癌的患者78例,血清PSA为4-20ng/mL,随机分为系统穿刺组(38例)和改良穿刺组(40例),系统穿刺组采用前列腺系统10点穿刺法,改良组采用超声造影引导前列腺靶向穿刺结合系统穿刺的改良10点穿刺法,所有穿刺标本送检,对照病理结果,分析比较两组对前列腺癌的检出率。结果:系统穿刺组检出前列腺癌9例,改良穿刺组检出前列腺癌18例,系统穿刺组检出阳性率为23.68%(9/38),改良穿刺组检出阳性率为45.00%(18/40),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.912,P=0.048)。两组穿刺方法总穿刺针数为789针,系统穿刺组为386针,穿刺阳性针数为28针,系统穿刺组单针穿刺阳性率为7.25%(28/386);改良穿刺组为403针,穿刺阳性针数67针,改良穿刺组单针穿刺阳性率为16.63%(67/403),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.349,P<0.001)。结论:超声造影引导改良穿刺在不增...     

超声造影、增强MRI及其联合应用在前列腺特异性抗原不同区间诊断前列腺癌的价值

目的分析前列腺特异抗原(PSA)不同区间内超声造影、增强MRI及其联合应用对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法 132例疑似前列腺癌患者均行超声造影和增强MRI检查,并经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术证实。根据不同PSA分为3组:4.0 ng/ml≤PSA10.0 ng/ml组54例,10.0 ng/ml≤PSA20.0 ng/ml组40例,PSA≥20.0 ng/ml组38例,比较各组两种诊断方法及其联合应用对前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果 4.0 ng/ml≤PSA10.0 ng/ml组中,超声造影、增强MRI及其联合应用诊断前列腺癌的特异性分别为82.00%、96.00%及80.00%,增强MRI与超声造影和联合应用的特异性比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。10.0 ng/ml≤PSA20.0 ng/ml组中,超声造影、增强MRI及其联合应用诊断前列腺癌的敏感性分别为42.86%、52.38%及80.95%,特异性分别为73.68%、68.42%及63.16%,二者联合应用与单一方法的诊断敏感性比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。PSA≥20.0 ng/ml组中,32例前列腺癌,三种方法均准确诊断。结论前列腺癌患者为4.0 ng/ml≤PSA10.0 ng/m时,增强MRI具有较高的诊断特异性,有诊断优势;为10.0 ng/ml≤PSA20.0 ng/ml区间,超声造影和增强MRI联合应用具有较高的敏感性,具有诊断优势;PSA≥20.0 ng/ml时,超声造影检查简便,可提高前列腺穿刺活检的定位准确性,具有诊断优势。     

超声造影导向活检在常规超声检查阴性前列腺癌的应用价值

目的 评价超声造影匹配成像(CnTI)技术在靶向引导常规超声无可疑前列腺癌病灶前列腺穿刺活检中的临床应用价值。方法 对56例因血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)升高(≥4.00 ng/ml)而常规超声未发现明确病灶的患者在穿刺前行经直肠前列腺CnTI实时扫查。在超声引导下对患者行底、中、尖三切面10点穿刺,如相应穿刺点有可疑病灶,则直接对病灶进行活检。统计分析CnTI实时扫查图像结果与病理结果。结果 56例患者共穿刺560针,穿刺病理诊断为前列腺癌11例(11/56,19.64%)共39针(39/560,6.96%),CnTI实时扫查检出7例(7/11,63.64%)共22针(22/39,56.41%)。在4例CnTI实时扫查假阴性病例中,2例仅有1针穿刺点阳性,1例2针穿刺点阳性,1例3针穿刺点阳性,其Gleason分值均为6分。CnTI实时扫查真阳性与假阴性前列腺癌穿刺点Gleason分值差异无统计学意义(6.9 vs 6.6, P=0.134)。结论 对血清PSA升高但常规超声未发现明确前列腺癌病灶的患者,经直肠前列腺CnTI实时扫查有助于检出前列腺癌可疑病灶并指导前列腺穿刺活检。     

经直肠三维超声检查和前列腺特异抗原在前列腺癌穿刺活检中的作用

目的　分析经直肠超声 (TRUS)和前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)在前列腺癌穿刺活检中的作用 ,提出各种穿刺方式适用的条件 ,以求在减少穿刺并发症的前提下获得较高的阳性结果。方法　我院 2 0 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 4月行前列腺穿刺病例5 4例 ,术前因为超声检查发现前列腺异常病灶或超声检查未发现前列腺异常病灶但直肠指检前列腺较硬而均经血清PSA测定异常 ,经TRUS引导行病灶活检或系统 6点穿刺活检。结果　 3 1人PSA≥ 2 0ng/ml,穿刺病理阳性 2 5例 ,前列腺癌的检出率为 80 .6% ,其中TRUS发现可疑病灶 (TRUS +) 2 1例均证实为癌。 2 3人PSA <2 0ng/ml,穿刺病理阳性 2例 ,前列腺癌的检出率为 8.7%。TRUS( +) 3例 ,仅 1例证实为癌。此两组病人前列腺癌的检出率差异明显 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　当超声发现高度怀疑病灶同时PSA≥ 2 0ng/ml,建议病灶穿刺 ;超声检查阴性而PSA≥ 2 0ng/ml且前列腺体积明显增大者宜行 13点TRUS引导活检 ;若PSA <2 0ng/ml则首次活检时包扩病灶在内的 6点系统穿刺较为可取。     

经直肠超声造影指导前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值

目的对比超声造影与常规超声引导穿刺活检结果,探讨经直肠超声造影对引导前列腺穿刺活检的优势。方法 195例可疑前列腺癌患者行前列腺穿刺活检,随机分为造影组60例,经直肠超声造影指导前列腺穿刺;对照组135例,经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺。对比两组前列腺癌检出率、穿刺针数及单针阳性率。结果造影组60例患者,恶性42例,良性18例,前列腺癌诊断率为70.0%,共接受穿刺716针,平均12针;阳性针数352针,阳性率为49.2%。对照组135例患者,恶性95例,良性40例,前列腺癌诊断率为70.4%,共接受穿刺1431针,平均11针,阳性针数466针,阳性率为32.6%;两组前列腺癌诊断率和平均穿刺针数,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),造影组针数阳性率高于对照组(P0.01)。结论应用超声造影引导对前列腺可疑部位进行经直肠穿刺活检,能明显提高诊断前列腺癌的敏感性和穿刺的单针诊断率。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺特异抗原小于4 ng/ml前列腺癌的诊断

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺特异抗原(PSA)<4ng/ml前列腺癌诊断的临床价值。方法59例PSA<4ng/ml疑为前列腺癌的患者行经直肠超声引导下前列腺多点穿刺活检,观察前列腺内结节声像图特点,并病理分级,对照分析活检术式的检出情况。结果59例患者中经病理证实前列腺癌16例,检出率为27%,其中12例声像图显示前列腺结节性病变,均分布于外腺,且血流增加较良性病变及癌前病变高。结节区域定点穿刺的检出率较六点系统穿刺活检术高(P<0.05);活检阳性点数占所有活检点数比率为51.2%,病理分级中分化程度占56.25%,低分化程度占31.25%。结论结合经直肠超声声像图和前列腺多点穿刺活检可提高PSA<4ng/ml的前列腺癌检出率,对前列腺癌的早期诊断非常必要。     

经直肠超声引导可疑结节加6点改良穿刺前列腺活检术阳性率的影响因素分析

目的分析经直肠超声引导可疑结节加6点穿刺改良方法前列腺活检阳性率的影响因素。方法经直肠超声引导下采用可疑癌结节或血流信号异常增多区穿刺2针,加前列腺6点穿刺改良方法,即左右侧前列腺底、体、尖的外周区各穿刺1针,对158例前列腺可疑癌症患者进行活检,结合术前血液前列腺特异抗原（PSA）及经直肠超声检查结果。结果158例患者中,前列腺癌67例,增生伴前列腺上皮内瘤61例,增生伴炎症19例,单纯性增生11例;经直肠超声发现外腺区可疑结节91例,活俭为前列腺癌55例,增生伴前列腺上皮内瘤27例,增生伴炎症7例,单纯性增生2例,PSA〉40ng/ml组活检阳性率较〈20ng/ml组、20～40ng／ml组增高（P〈0．05）;前列腺体积〉60m1组活检阳性率较〈30ml组及30～60ml组降低（P〈0．05）结论PSA浓度、前列腺体积、前列腺外腺有无可疑结节是影响前列腺癌活检阳性率的主要因素。     

磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺联合系统穿刺对血清前列腺特异性抗原水平4~20 ng/mL患者的前列腺癌诊断有效性

  目的  评价磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺（CFTB）联合经直肠超声引导下系统穿刺（SB）与单纯经直肠超声引导下SB对前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在4~20 ng/mL水平患者的前列腺癌诊断的有效价值。  方法  选取我院接收的血清PSA水平4~20 ng/mL且首次经历经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的337例患者,按穿刺活检前是否行MRI检查,将患者分为CFTB+SB组（n=177）和单纯行SB组（n=160）。比较两组患者穿刺阳性率、单针阳性率、临床显著性前列腺癌（CSPCa）及临床非显著性前列腺癌的检出率。  结果  CFTB+SB组患者穿刺阳性率、单针阳性率和CSPCa检出率均高于单纯行SB的患者（40.1% vs 26.3%;17.5% vs 10.3%;38.4% vs 20.6%,P < 0.05）,而临床非显著性前列腺癌检出率低于SB组患者（1.7% vs 5.6%,P < 0.05）;对CFTB+SB组内CFTB+SB与仅行CFTB的CSPCa检出率一致性比较显示:CFTB+SB与仅行CFTB对CSPCa检出有较高的一致性（Kappa=0.860）,CFTB+SB的CSPCa检出率高于仅行CFTB（40.1% vs 36.1%,P < 0.05）。  结论  磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺联合系统穿刺法对血清PSA在4~20 ng/mL水平的临床可疑前列腺癌患者有较高的临床诊断价值。      

经直肠超声引导两种13针方案在前列腺穿刺活检中的对比研究

目的对比6区12＋X针与5区13针两种布针方案在经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检中的阳性率及并发症发生率的差异。方法选取我院经直肠超声引导下行前列腺穿刺活检术的患者161例,根据穿刺方案不同分为6区12＋X针组86例和5区13针组75例,比较两组的穿刺阳性率、出血率及肉眼血尿发生率;同时根据前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）分别将两组各分成≤10 ng/ml、10-20 ng/ml、≥20 ng/ml三个亚组,比较两组不同PSA水平穿刺阳性率的差异。结果 ①6区12＋X针组和5区13针组穿刺阳性率分别为33.7%（29/86）、21.3%（16/75）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且随着PSA的升高,两组穿刺阳性率均升高,两组PSA≤10 ng/ml的穿刺阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;②6区12＋X针组与5区13针组的出血发生率分别为10.5%（9/86）、8.0%（6/75）;肉眼血尿发生率分别为18.6%（16/86）、29.3%（22/75）,差异均无统计学意义。结论 6区12＋X穿刺方案可提高实验室指标在诊断盲区的前列腺癌的检出率,且不会增加并发症的发生率,值得推广使用。     

Real-time 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detecting hemorrhage of blunt renal trauma

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of real-time 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the hemorrhage of blunt renal trauma.MethodsEighteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. Blunt renal trauma was performed on each group by using minitype striker. Ultrasonography, color Doppler flow imaging, and contrast-enhanced 2-dimensional and real-time 3-dimensional ultrasound were applied before and after the strike. The time to shock and blood pressure were subjected to statistical analysis. Then, a comparative study of ultrasound and pathology was carried out.ResultsAll the struck kidneys were traumatic. In the ultrasonography, free fluid was found under the renal capsule. In the color Doppler flow imaging, active hemorrhage was not identified. In 2-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound, active hemorrhage of the damaged kidney was characterized. Real-time 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed a real-time and stereoscopic ongoing bleeding of the injured kidney. The wider the hemorrhage area in 4-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound was, the faster the blood pressure decreased.ConclusionsReal-time 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a promising noninvasive tool for stereoscopically and vividly detecting ongoing hemorrhage of blunt renal trauma in real time.     

超声造影的创新性应用

随着在超声造影技术的发展和在临床应用中的不断探索,超声造影在胃肠、肝脏、心脏、甲状腺、乳腺、儿科、腹腔瘘管等领域的创新性应用为临床精准诊断与靶向治疗提供了重要依据。本文主要从超声造影在人体不同器官诊疗中的应用方面,对其创新性应用进行分析和展望。     

The role of quantitation of real-time 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detecting microvascular invasion: an in vivo study

Purpose

This study was to evaluate the role of quantitative perfusion analysis of 3-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detecting microvascular invasion (MVI) of liver tumor in vivo.

Methods

VX2 tumors were implanted in the livers of sixteen New Zealand rabbits. On day 10, real-time 3D CEUS was performed, and the real-time dynamic images were analyzed using online quantification software. The animals were sacrificed and sent for pathology examinations. According to the gold standard of pathology, the animals were divided into an MVI group and a group without MVI (non-MVI group). Time-intensity curves (TICs) were obtained for the VX2 tumors and the surrounding liver parenchyma, and the parameters peak intensity (PI), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak (TTP) were compared within and between the MVI and non-MVI groups.

Results

The TTP and MTT of the VX2 tumors were significantly faster than those of the surrounding liver parenchyma in both MVI and non-MVI groups. The PI of the VX2 tumors was significantly lower than that of the surrounding liver parenchyma in the non-MVI group but not the MVI group. The TTP and MTT of the VX2 tumors and surrounding liver parenchyma were not significantly different in the MVI group compared with the non-MVI group, whereas the ΔPI (the PI ratio between the VX2 liver tumors and the reference liver parenchyma) of the VX2 tumors in the MVI group was larger than that in the non-MVI group. VX2 tumors with MVI present different hemodynamic parameters, with a larger ΔPI than tumors without MVI.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that quantitative perfusion analysis of 3D CEUS might be a promising method for predicting MVI in liver tumors.

     

超声造影、二维超声及增强CT检出肝转移癌的价值比较

目的 比较常规二维超声、超声造影(CEUS)及增强CT(CECT)对肝转移癌的检出率,探讨CEUS对肝转移癌的应用价值.方法 对97例已确诊肝转移癌患者进行常规超声、CEUS及CECT检查,比较三种影像学方法对肝转移癌的检出.结果 肝转移癌CEUS延迟期均呈低回声充盈缺损,动脉期表现为团状增强、环状增强、不均匀增强、低增强、等增强等五种增强模式.常规超声和CEUS检出转移灶数目分别为(1.6±1.2)灶/例和(2.6±1.9)灶/例(P＜0.05),检出率分别为53.4％和87.1％(P＜0.05).CEUS与CECT对转移癌检出差异无统计学意义.结论 CEUS较常规超声明显提高了对肝转移癌的检出.     

新型超声造影技术的彩超造影与实时灰阶造影对肝占位病变的应用

目的:应用新型超声造影剂及超声匹配成像新技术,比较彩超及实时灰阶超声造影两种方法对肝占位性病变的应用价值。方法:对35例肝占位性病变总计77个病灶中的42个重点进行造影观察。结果:彩超造影前后血流增强程度评价差异显著(P<0.001);实时灰阶造影结果显示可明显提高肿瘤的定性诊断率(P<0.001)。本组35例造影前为77个病灶,彩超造影后为77个病灶;而实时灰阶造影后共计发现101个病灶,增加24个(23.8%)。结论:彩超造影可以提高肝占位性病变的血流检出率,有助于诊断;实时灰阶造影不仅可对肝占位性病变作出定性诊断,还能提高病灶的检出率。故灰阶超声造影较彩超造影更为重要。     

Acute complicated pyelonephritis: contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Imaging is required if complication is suspected in acute pyelonephritis to assess the nature and extent of the lesions, and to detect underlying causes. The current imaging modality of choice in clinical practice is computed tomography. Because of associated radiation and potential nephrotoxicity, CEUS is an alternative that has been proven to be equally accurate in the detection of acute pyelonephritis renal lesions. The aims of this study of 48 patients are to describe in detail the CEUS findings in acute pyelonephritis, and to determine if abscess and focal pyelonephritis may be distinguished. Very characteristic morphologic and temporal patterns of enhancement are described. These allow differentiation of focal pyelonephritis from renal abscess, and detection of tiny suppurative foci within focal pyelonephritis. The detection of abscesses is important because follow-up in 25 patients revealed a longer clinical course. Typical pyelonephritis CEUS features permit distinction from other renal lesions. As a whole, CEUS is an excellent tool in the work-up of complicated acute pyelonephritis, so it may be considered as the imaging technique of choice in the evaluation and follow-up of these patients who frequently are very young, so as to minimise radiation exposure.     

超声造影成像在肝脏的应用

超声造影经过40余年的研究发展到目前已经成为一种稳定、安全的影像检查方法,其在肝脏病变中有突出的应用价值,特别是在肝脏局灶性病变、肿瘤介入性治疗术后的跟踪监测及评价、肝硬化的检测评价、肝脏移植术、布-加氏综合征等方面,超声造影大大改善了超声检查的敏感性及准确性,为各类肝脏疾病的诊断提供了重要依据及积极信息.     

乳腺超声造影研究进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤.早期诊断对于疾病的预后至关重要.超声造影,作为一项新技术,已经在临床广泛开展.在乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断方面,也有一定的价值.乳腺超声造影是常规二维超声和多普勒超声的有效辅助手段.本文综述超声造影在乳腺超声诊断的应用和发展.