晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗价值探讨

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术对晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析VI期PDR患者33例42眼经标准的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗后的临床资料,对术前后视力,手术并发症及预后等进行重点分析。结果随访35眼,术后视力明显提高,0.05以上者从术前的6/42眼(14.29%)提高到术后的15/35眼(42.86%),其中12眼(80%)视力>0.1。一次手术视网膜复位27/35眼(77.14%),至随访末期(9月)31/35眼(88.57%)。术前伴有视盘萎缩,视网膜血管闭塞,光定位不准,新生血管性青光眼等预后较差,但术后视力仍有11/16(68.8%)眼有不同程度的提高,6/16(37.5%)眼视力≥FC。结论玻璃体视网膜手术可以部分改善晚期PDR患者的视功能,即便是合并严重缺血的病例仍有一定的治疗价值。     

超声乳化、囊袋内人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:评价晶状体超声乳化、囊袋内人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析了33例(41眼)行晶状体超声乳化、后房型人工晶状体植入、玻璃体切割联合手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者的病程、视力及手术并发症等临床资料。结果:41眼均为囊袋内植入人工晶状体,后囊膜完整。41眼中36眼(88%)视力提高,视力>0.05者占73%(30/41),>0.2者占46%(19/41),平均随访时间9mo。31眼术前未接受过眼内激光治疗,术中行全视网膜光凝。5眼术后玻璃体再次出血,1眼术后视网膜脱离复发,其中4眼再次行玻璃体视网膜手术。结论:晶状体超声乳化、囊袋内人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变是安全有效的,有利于保持血—房水屏障,减少术后虹膜红变,早期恢复患者视力,避免再次白内障手术或二期人工晶状体植入。     

玻璃体切除治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:评价玻璃体切除术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的效果。方法:93例(139眼)增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变病例均行玻璃体切除术,术后平均随访(16.72±8.53)mo,对视力及手术失败的原因进行回顾性分析。结果:98眼(70.50%)视力得到提高,术后视力明显好于术前(P<0.001);手术失败的主要原因是视网膜脱离和黄斑病变。结论:玻璃体切除术是治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效方法。     

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体手术并发症分析

目的:探讨糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体手术并发症及防治。方法:82眼增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体手术治疗,并随访3~24mo,对其术中和术后并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:术后视力较术前不同程度的提高者62眼(72%),但部分患眼出现不同情况的并发症,包括高眼压、玻璃体出血、并发性白内障、医源性视网膜损伤等。结论:糖尿病视网膜病变进行玻璃体手术能挽救大多数眼球并恢复一定的有用视力,但对手术并发症应重视并积极预防治疗,以提高玻璃体手术的效果。     

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体切除术的疗效观察

目的 评价玻璃体切除术对增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的疗效.方法 对46例(52眼)行玻璃体切除术和全视网膜激光光凝治疗的PDR患者进行回顾性分析,随访6～36个月.结果 术后视力改善40眼(76.92%),其中Ⅳ～Ⅴ期36眼(83.7%),明显好于Ⅵ期4眼(44.4%);7眼(13.46%)视力不变;5眼(9.61%)视力下降.Ⅳ～Ⅴ期与Ⅵ期的患者相比,术后并发症相应较轻.结论 大多数PDR患者玻璃体切除术后视力有改善,早期手术效果更佳.有效的、足量的全视网膜激光光凝可以及时地控制病变发展.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2007,7:94-95)     

岛状膜手术在晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变中的应用

目的 探讨晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变伴有视盘表面或上、下血管弓表面生长的大片新生血管膜,同时合并玻璃体出血或牵拉性视网膜脱离或牵拉孔源混合性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术,探究手术中的剥膜技巧及对此类患者玻璃体手术治疗的价值.方法 选择晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者106例(106眼),男性47例(47眼),女性59例(59眼),年龄44-69岁.早期对膜的处理采用传统的膜钩钩膜及撕膜技术,共55例(55眼),后期采用岛状膜技术,共51例(51眼).结果 两种剥膜技术对术后视力提高岛状膜组好于撕膜组,但因为两组患者都属于晚期患者,最好视力都不超过0.12,多数视力在0.02-0.08之间.但岛状膜技术组术中、术后并发症明显减少,减少了硅油填充率,减少了二次手术的可能.结论 岛状膜清除技术处理晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变优于传统撕膜技术,晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变合并大片增殖膜、玻璃体出血及视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体手术后大部分仍能恢复一定视功能,仍有极大的治疗价值.     

非接触广角观察系统下23G微创玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的临床效果。方法对54例(69只眼)行玻璃体切除术的增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者均采用非接触广角观察系统23G微创玻璃体切割术,术中切除中轴部玻璃体后注入TA染色玻璃体,高速玻切除残留玻璃体后皮质及视网膜前膜,行眼内视网膜光凝,如伴有裂孔及视网膜脱离术中行C3F8或硅油填充。术后随访5-23个月平均16.2个月,观察记录最佳矫正视力、眼压、术中术后并发症等发生情况,对记录数据进行统计学分析比较。结果患者69只眼均顺利完成玻璃体手术,20只眼眼内填充硅油,30只眼填充C3F8,19眼平衡盐液填充。Ⅳ期患者术后视力改善率93.7%(15/16),Ⅴ期患者术后视力改善率73.3%(22/30),Ⅵ期患者术后视力改善率47.8%(11/23)。三组术后视力改善率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症:高眼压、玻璃体出血、视网膜脱离、并发性白内障、新生血管性青光眼、眼球萎缩。结论在非接触广角观察系统下,进行23G微创玻璃体切割术治疗PDR是安全、有效、可行的方法,能够缩短手术时间,恢复视功能,术中应用TA染色玻璃体联合高速玻切,提高手术成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性病例系列研究。122例137眼复杂性视网膜脱离患者接受玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗。主要结果包括术后视力和并发症。结果:术后随访时间平均12.8mo。主要病因包括孔源性视网膜脱离,牵拉性视网膜脱离和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变。术后1,6和12mo与术前比较视力提高大于等于2行分别为37眼(27.0%)、55眼(40.1%)和61眼(44.5%)。结论:玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离是一种有效、安全的手术。     

玻璃体手术治疗严重增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并视网膜脱离的效果

目的探讨玻璃体手术治疗严重的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并视网膜脱离的疗效及影响视力预后的因素。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京同仁医院2004年3月-2007年3月间行玻璃体手术治疗的87例(95眼)糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅵ期患者。方法回顾上述患者住院病历,均采用传统的三通道玻璃体手术治疗,术后平均随访时间26个月,观察术后视力及眼部并发症发生情况,分析影响视力预后的相关因素。主要指标视力及眼部并发症。结果术后83眼(87%)视网膜复位。视力较术前提高44眼(46.3%),不变16眼(16.8%),下降35眼(36.8%)。手术前后视力差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。其中60眼视网膜脱离累及黄斑,术后45%的眼视力下降。术后继发新生血管性青光眼7眼(7.4%),角膜失代偿1眼(1.1%),晶状体混浊加重52眼(54.7%)。结论玻璃体切除术治疗严重的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并视网膜脱离是有效的,视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑是影响视力预后的最重要的因素。     

增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的手术治疗--玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化吸出术

目的　评价玻璃体手术联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析3 8例 (4 1眼 )行玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术的伴有白内障的增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床资料 ,其中 3 7眼同期植入后房型人工晶状体。结果　术后随访 3～ 5 5月 ,平均 (12± 10 6)月。 2 7眼 (65 9% )术后视力改善。术中无并发症发生。术后并发症有 :前房炎性反应 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,玻璃体积血 5眼 (12 2 % ) ,复发性视网膜脱离 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,新生血管性青光眼 4眼(9 8% )。 14眼术后需要进一步治疗 ,包括眼内光凝、玻璃体手术和青光眼滤过手术。结论　玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变 ,可使大多数患者的视力改善 ,手术是安全的     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.