伤椎置钉单节段内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎及其相邻椎体置钉GSS系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效.方法自2009年1月至2010年12月采用GSS椎弓根螺钉系统经伤椎及其相邻椎体固定治疗28例胸腰椎骨折患者,男19例,女9例;年龄21～56岁,平均38.2岁.其中T12椎体骨折10例,L1椎体骨折11例,L2椎体骨折7例.骨折按AO分型:A1.2型11例,A1.3型14例,A3.1型3例.结果 28例患者术后获2～14个月(平均8.2个月)随访.伤椎置钉均顺利,椎体高度恢复,螺钉位置及稳定性良好,术后未出现切口感染、脊髓神经症状加重、内固定松动或断裂等并发症.未次随访时Cobb角由术前的15°～45°(平均28.3°)矫正至0～90(平均4.3°).结论经伤椎及其相邻椎体置钉GSS系统单节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折是一种可行而有效的方法.     

Magerl/AO-A型胸腰椎骨折伤椎稳定区置钉方法与影像学评价

目的探讨伤椎稳定区置钉单节段内固定治疗Magerl/AO-A型胸腰椎骨折的方法,评价伤椎稳定区置钉的准确性。方法纳入自2008-10—2011-12诊治的112例Magerl/AO-A型胸腰椎骨折,于后路经Quadrant通道伤椎稳定区置钉。按Andrew椎弓根钉位置CT分级标准对正常椎体及伤椎椎弓根钉置钉准确率进行评估。结果正常椎体置钉224枚,Andrew椎弓根钉位置CT分级标准:Ⅰ级196枚;Ⅱ级20枚,其中15枚突破外壁,5枚突破内壁;Ⅲ级8枚,其中6枚突破外壁,2枚突破内壁;置钉优良率96.4%。伤椎置钉224枚:Ⅰ级190枚;Ⅱ级24枚,其中17枚突破外壁,7枚突破内壁;Ⅲ级10枚,其中8枚突破外壁,2枚突破内壁;置钉优良率95.5%。螺钉均未突破椎体上下壁。结论经扩张通道伤椎稳定区置钉单节段内固定治疗Magerl/AO-A型胸腰椎骨折安全可行,伤椎稳定区置钉准确、有效。     

椎弓根钉内固定治疗不同类型胸腰椎骨折脱位

目的探讨椎弓根钉内固定治疗不同类型胸腰椎骨折脱位的疗效。方法自2008年1月至2012年12月,收治符合经伤椎置钉治疗的AO分型A、B型胸腰椎骨折脱位的患者104例,c型骨折脱位42例。神经损伤按A—SIA分级评定：A级52例,B级35例,c级25例,D级23例,E级11例。其中104例经伤椎置钉多椎体固定,42例用长节段椎弓根钉固定。结果正常椎、伤椎置钉均顺利完成,螺钉位置及椎体复位均可,脊髓神经无损伤加重,全部病例均无切口感染。所有患者获得12—24个月的随访,平均16个月。末次随访未出现内固定的松动断裂,除52例A级无变化外,其他患者较术前都有1～2级的恢复。末次随访中,Cobb角由术前10°～45°（平均25．5°）,矫正至-1°～19°（平均6．8°）;椎体前缘的高度由术前的丢失22％～89％（平均52％）恢复至正常高度的82％～100％（平均为91．6％）。结论根据胸腰椎骨折脱位的不同类型,采用经伤椎置椎弓根钉多椎体固定法、长节段椎弓根钉固定法,矫正丢失小,疗效满意。     

经伤椎置钉椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折临床体会

目的探讨同时经伤椎置钉椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性和有效性。方法自2008年7月至2011年1月．采用椎弓根螺钉系统同时经伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折24例,均为单椎体骨折,采用5钉或6钉三椎体固定。患者术前、术后即刻和术后12个月随访均行X线及CT检查,测量比较Cobb角、伤椎前缘压缩率、椎管占位率及神经功能Frankel分级。结果随访12～27个月,平均15．5个月。椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、椎管占位以及Frankel分级均较术前有显著改善。结论同时经伤椎置钌椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折是一种可行而有效的方法。     

伤椎植骨并置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

[目的]探讨同时后路经椎弓根椎体内植骨结合伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性和有效性。[方法]自2007年6月～2010年6月,采用后路伤椎经椎弓根椎体内植骨同时伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折27例,其中单椎体骨折17例,双椎体骨折6例,骨折脱位4例;按TLICS评分为5～9分,平均6.3分。载荷评分平均5.6分。脊髓神经损伤按Franke1标准分级。[结果]伤椎植骨及置钉均顺利完成,螺钉位置及稳定性良好,无切口感染,未出现脊髓神经症状加重现象。随访10～46个月,平均28.6个月,未见内固定松动或断裂现象。脊髓神经功能除1例A级无变化外,其余均有1～3级的恢复。术后即刻及术后1年骨折椎体相对高度较术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术前与术后即刻及术后1年Cobb角比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]同时后路经椎弓根椎体内植骨及伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折是一种可行而有效的方法。     

椎弓根螺钉固定联合伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎单节段骨折临床分析

目的探讨胸腰椎单节段骨折应用椎弓根螺钉固定与伤椎置钉联合治疗的临床效果。方法对50例胸腰椎单节段骨折患者在应用椎弓根螺钉固定的基础上,给予伤椎置钉治疗,观察患者手术前后Cobb'角、骨折椎体前缘高度比及VAS评分。结果本组患者手术均顺利完成,术后未发生深部感染、螺钉断裂、血管神经损伤、切口感染等并发症。均获10~24个月随访,与术前比较,术后Cobb’角、骨折椎体前缘高度比改善明显,VAS评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论椎弓根螺钉固定与伤椎置钉固定联合治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折,恢复椎体高度理想,有效缓解疼痛,且并发症低。     

经伤椎一侧椎弓根通道椎体内植骨并对侧椎弓根置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉固定、另一侧经椎弓根通道椎体内植骨结合短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性和临床疗效。方法对26例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体髂骨或人工骨行椎体内植骨。结果所有患者椎弓根钉棒系统无松动,无断钉、断棒。伤椎高度及外形基本恢复正常,植骨愈合良好。神经功能恢复情况根据Frankel评定标准:A级1例,B级1例,C级3例,D级5例,E级16例。结论经一侧伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定、对侧经椎弓根通道椎体内植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,疗效确切,是一种治疗胸腰椎骨折较为理想的方法。     

经伤椎钉棒系统节段固定治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折

目的 总结钉棒系统经伤椎固定治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折的优越性.方法 采用经伤椎钉棒系统节段固定治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折12例,其中2个椎体11例,3个椎体1例,伤椎均为相邻椎体,除椎弓根损伤椎体外,所有伤椎及邻近上-正常椎体均置钉.结果 所有置入螺钉位置及稳定性良好,椎体高度及脊柱生理曲度恢复良好,未出现内固定松动或断钉现象.结论 使用钉棒系统经伤椎多节段固定胸腰椎骨折可以提高生物力学稳定性,帮助骨折复位和矫正后凸.     

单节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨单节段椎弓根螺钉固定在治疗胸腰椎骨折中的手术注意事项和临床效果.方法 应用单节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折15例,比较手术前后椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎楔形变角变化.结果 术后椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎楔形变角等与术前相比,均明显改善.随访时间3～10个月,平均7.2个月,未发现与手术有关的并发症出现.结论 在严格掌握手术适应证的情况下,单节段椎弓根螺钉固定为胸腰椎骨折提供了一种新的治疗方式.     

经后路伤椎单节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段骨折的体会

[目的]探讨后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2009年2月²011年3月行后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折21例,男12例,女9例,年龄232011年3月行后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折21例,男12例,女9例,年龄23⁶4岁,平均34岁,观察骨折椎的椎弓根螺钉位置及手术前后伤椎复位高度和后凸Cobb角。[结果]术后CT示伤椎椎弓根螺钉均在正常骨性结构内,术后无脊髓损伤、感染等并发症发生。伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比从术前平均(54.75±0.06)%恢复至术后平均(92.35±0.12)%,(P<0.05);骨折椎后凸Cobb角从术前平均(25.13±2.67)°恢复至(4.83±1.43)°(P<0.05)。患者VAS评分改善明显(P<0.05)。所有骨折全部获得骨性愈合,骨折椎体高度无明显丢失,无钉棒弯曲、松动或断裂。[结论]后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定对于胸腰段骨折治疗有效。只要手术适应证选择正确,后路单节段椎弓根螺钉内固定可用于治疗胸腰段骨折。     

Capture of the screw during percutaneous screw insertion

The simple technique to maintain the engagement of the screw and the screw driver during percutaneous locking screw insertion is presented. The method can capture the screw when the screw becomes disengaged. This will be helpful when percutaneous screw insertion is performed in the narrow and deep location of the bone such as a locking screw at the upper part of the femur during retrograde femoral nailing.     

Complications of the variable screw plate pedicle screw fixation

In this study, 124 consecutive cases of posterior spinal fusion with variable screw plate fixation were reviewed. In 33 patients (27%), 41 complications were identified. Urinary tract infection without sequelae developed in 13 patients. Dural tear occurred in seven patients and wound hematoma in five. Wound infection developed in three patients; one was subfascial requiring instrument and graft removal. Neurologic deficit developed in seven patients (6%), in five of whom the deficit was due to manipulation and reduction of neural elements. Two of the seven deficits were believed to be caused by misplaced pedicle screws. Variable screw plate fixation is a formidable procedure with a significant complications rate.     

Management of femoral neck fractures with the spongiosa screw and the dynamic hip screw]

Between 1983 and 1987 419 patients with femoral neck fractures were operated on at the University Clinics of Graz. In 120 patients we could preserve the head of the femur doing an internal fixation with cancellous bone screws or DHS. 68 of them we personally could control with a mean follow up of 45.2 months. The most important complications were the necrosis of the head which were observed in 19.1% of our patients and the non union which occurred in 5.8% but not all these patients required reoperation.     

Laminar screw fixation of the axis

OBJECT: Laminar fixation of the axis with crossing bilateral screws has been shown to provide rigid fixation with a theoretically decreased risk of vertebral artery damage compared with C1-2 transarticular screw fixation and C-2 pedicle screw fixation. Some studies, however, have shown restricted rigidity of such screws compared with C-2 pedicle screws, and others note that anatomical variability exists within the posterior elements of the axis that may have an impact on successful placement. To elucidate the clinical impact of such screws, the authors report their experience in placing C-2 laminar screws in adult patients over a 2-year period, with emphasis on clinical outcome and technical placement. METHODS: Sixteen adult patients with cervical instability underwent posterior cervical and cervicothoracic fusion procedures at our institution with constructs involving C-2 laminar screws. Eleven patients were men and 5 were women, and they ranged in age from 28 to 84 years (mean 57 years). The reasons for fusion were degenerative disease (9 patients) and treatment of trauma (7 patients). In 14 patients (87.5%) standard translaminar screws were placed, and in 2 (12.5%) an ipsilateral trajectory was used. All patients underwent preoperative radiological evaluation of the cervical spine, including computed tomography scanning with multiplanar reconstruction to assess the posterior anatomy of C-2. Anatomical restrictions for placement of standard translaminar screws included a deeply furrowed spinous process and/or an underdeveloped midline posterior ring of the axis. In these cases, screws were placed into the corresponding lamina from the ipsilateral side, allowing bilateral screws to be oriented in a more parallel, as opposed to perpendicular, plane. All patients were followed for >2 years to record rates of fusion, instrumentation failure, and other complications. RESULTS: Thirty-two screws were placed without neurological or vascular complications. The mean follow-up duration was 27.3 months. Complications included 2 revisions, one for pseudarthrosis and the other for screw pullout, and 3 postoperative infections. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of laminar screws into the axis from the standard crossing approach or via an ipsilateral trajectory may allow a safe, effective, and durable means of including the axis in posterior cervical and cervicothoracic fusion procedures.     

DHS加螺纹钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

2003年1月～2008年12月,笔者采用DHS加螺纹钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折86例,疗效满意. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料本组86例,男42例,女44例,年龄61～93岁.其中61～70岁28例,71～80岁39例,81～90岁17例,＞90岁2例.左髋45例,右髋41例.Evans分型:Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型23例,Ⅲ型43例,Ⅳ型6例.均为闭合性骨折.合并内科疾病55例,其中高血压21例,陈旧性脑梗死3例,矽肺1例,糖尿病15例,冠心病12例,老慢支3例.     

空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

[目的]比较多枚空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉(DHS,Dynamic Hip screw)内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。[方法]2013年2月~2016年3月共收治67例股骨颈新鲜骨折患者,58例获得随访。其中男24例,女34例;年龄22~65岁,平均43.2岁。多枚空心螺钉固定35例,DHS固定23例。根据骨折Garden分型,其中空心钉组GardenⅠ型9例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型4例;DHS组Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型6例。记录手术时间,术中出血量,输血情况,二次手术,并发症发生率,髋关节功能Harris评分。[结果]平均随访25.6个月,两组术后切口均一期愈合。手术时间空心钉组平均(39.57±12.96)min,DHS组平均(48.06±13.04)min,出血量空心钉组平均(20.86±25.2)ml,DHS组平均(65.43±37.9)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。输血例数空心钉组5例,DHS组3例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。空心钉组骨折愈合时间平均(14.11±6.34)周,DHS组(9.39±1.95)周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访空心钉组和DHS组Harris评分分别为(91.2±11.16)分和(95.39±3.07)分,差异无统计学意义。空心钉组有3例(8.57%)股骨头缺血坏死,1例(2.86%)进行髋关节置换。DHS未发现股骨头缺血坏死病例。空心钉组18例(51.43%)存在股骨颈短缩,其中14例(40%)因螺钉突出不适要求行内固定取出;DHS组6例(26.09%)存在轻度股骨颈短缩,无因内固定物突出原因要求取出内固定者。[结论]空心钉和DHS治疗股骨颈骨折都可获得较高的骨折愈合率,DHS固定具有骨折愈合快,股骨颈短缩发生率低,再次手术率低的优点。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折中进钉点问题

股骨转子间骨折是一种常见骨折,动力髋螺钉（DHS）为治疗股骨转子间骨折的有效内固定方法,但如果置入位置错误,螺钉易与骨质发生切割而穿入关节,还有可能因螺钉拉出而使手术失败.2003年4月～2005年3月,笔者对47例股骨转子间骨折患者行DHS内固定.现对动力髋螺钉置入的准确性和安全性进行探讨.