针刺足阳明经穴对大鼠胃运动及脑肠肽的影响

目的：探讨针刺足阳明经穴对胃运动的调整作用与脑肠肽的关系。方法：以乙醇灌胃造成大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型,气囊法测量胃运动频率和波幅的变化率,采用放免分析法（RIA）检测大鼠胃窦及延髓内P物质（SP）、胃动素（MTL）及胃泌素（GAS）含量。结果：模型组胃运动频率和波幅呈抑制状态,针刺四白、天枢、足三里穴可促进胃运动恢复,与此同时胃窦、延髓内SP、MTL、GAS含量出现相应变化。三穴比较：四白主要影响胃窦MTL含量,天枢主要影响胃窦SP及延髓GAS含量,足三里穴对SP、MTL及GAS均有影响。结论：推测针刺足阳明经对胃运动的调整作用有脑肠肽参与,但上述三穴对胃运动的影响所涉及的脑肠肽不完全一致。     

针刺足阳明经穴对兔胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动功能的影响

目的 :通过针刺足阳明经穴对兔胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动的观察 ,进一步探讨足阳明经与胃的相关规律。方法 :对 40只大耳白兔运用无水乙醇灌胃 ,造成胃粘膜损伤模型 ,然后观察针刺对胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动功能的影响。结果 :胃粘膜损伤造模前后 ,胃运动振幅指数百分率比较差异有显著性意义 ,造模后振幅指数显著下降 ,与造模前比较 P <0 .0 1,针刺四白、足三里穴能增强胃运动 ,针刺后比刺前胃运动振幅指数显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,尤以四白穴最为显著 ,且在胃粘膜损伤后 ,同样能增强胃的运动。结论 :胃粘膜损伤后 ,胃运动振幅指数显著下降 ,针刺足阳明经穴后可使胃运动振幅指数上升 ,提示足阳明经与胃具有相关性。     

针刺足阳明经穴对健康人血浆胃动素及胃泌素含量的影响

进一步探讨足阳明经与胃运动内在联系的物质基础。方法对50例健康人针刺前后各采血5ml,采用放射免疫分析法测量血浆胃动素、胃泌素的含量。结果针刺四白、足三里穴后,血浆胃动素的含量明显升高,与针前相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),针刺四白旁对照点后血中胃泌素明显升高,与针刺前相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05)。结论针刺足阳明经穴位可使血浆胃动素含量上升,与胃运动增强呈平行关系,提示胃运动增强有胃动素的参与。     

电针对狗胃粘膜血流量的影响及与血浆胃肠激素关系的研究

目的:观察电针对狗胃粘膜血流量、血浆胃肠激素水平的影响及两者间变化的关系,并探讨电针对胃粘膜保护作用机制。方法:将20条狗随机分为四组(每组5条):空白对照组、非经非穴组、上巨虚组、足三里组。采用激光多普勒血流仪测定狗胃粘膜血流量。用放免分析法同步测定血浆胃泌素、生长抑素、内皮素含量,用生化法测定一氧化氮含量,     

电针对狗胃粘膜血流量的影响及与血浆胃肠激素的关系

目的观察电针对狗胃粘膜血流量、血浆胃肠激素水平的影响及两者间变化的关系，以探讨电针对胃粘膜保护作用机制．方法将２０条狗随机分为４组，即：空白对照组，非经非穴组，上巨虚组，足三里组（每组５条）．采用激光多普勒血流仪测定狗胃粘膜血流量．用ＲＩＡ法同步测定血浆促胃液素（ＧＴ），生长抑素（ＳＳ），内皮素（ＥＴ）含量，用生化法测定一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量，分析其电针前后的变化，并观察变化规律．结果电针后足三里组胃粘膜血流量显著升高（Ｖ，４６±０７→６９±１１，Ｐ＜００１），其他组无显著变化．电针后足三里组血浆ＧＴ，ＮＯ含量也显著升高（ｎｇ／Ｌ，６５±１２→１０２±２１，Ｐ＜００１），而ＳＳ，ＥＴ含量显著下降（ｎｇ／Ｌ，２３１±１８→１９４±２７，Ｐ＜００５；９７８±１７９→５５８±１５３，Ｐ＜００５）；上巨虚组ＮＯ含量显著上升，ＥＴ显著下降（Ｐ＜００５），但足三里组的变化趋势更明显．空白对照组，非经非穴组则无显著变化．结论电针足三里穴可使狗胃粘膜血流量增加，与通过影响胃粘膜血流量的某些活性物质的含量改变有关，并具有一定的穴位特异性．     

电针足三里和阳陵泉穴对家兔胃胆运动及脑肠肽的影响

目的:研究经脉-脏腑相关理论及经穴对相应脏腑的特异性作用．方法:静脉滴注阿托品造成家兔(n=50)胃和 Oddi括约肌运动抑制状态,观察电针家兔足三里穴及阳陵泉穴对胃电及Oddi括约肌肌电的影响并检测血浆和胃窦平滑肌及Oddi括约肌组织中胃动素(MTL)胆囊收缩素(CCK)的含量．结果:静滴阿托品后家兔胃电和Oddi括约肌肌电慢波高活动相平均振幅(P=0．001和快波平均振幅(P=0．028,P=0．001)明显降低;慢波平均频率变化不明显．电针足三里穴和阳陵泉穴对家兔胃电(P=0．020,P=0．0001及Oddi 括约肌肌电(P=0．021,P=0．001)平均振幅有不同程度的兴奋作用,表明经脉-脏腑之间既有直接相关又有间接相关．电针足三里穴和阳陵泉穴可升高胃窦平滑肌、Oddi括约肌组织及血浆中MTL(P=0．000)、CCK((P=0．001)含量．电针足三里穴对胃窦平滑肌和血浆MTL (P=0．020,P=0．001)及血浆CCK(P=0．001)含量升高最显著,差异有显著性意义．Oddi括约肌MTL及胃窦平滑肌、Oddi括约肌CCK以电针阳陵泉穴明显．提示MTL和CCK是参与针刺调整消化道运动的重要脑肠肽物质．结论:电针足三里和阳陵泉穴可促进胃和 Oddi括约肌运动,其机制之一可能为针刺影响外周MTL、CCK的释放,进而调整消化道运动．这种经穴对相应脏腑的调整作用具有相对特异性．     

针刺足阳明经穴对健康人血浆胃动素及胃泌素含量的影响

目的：进一步探讨足阳明经与胃运动内在联系的物质基础,方法：对50例健康人针刺前后各采用5ml,采用放射免疫分析法测量血浆胃动素,胃泌素的含量,结果：针刺四白,足三里穴后,血浆胃动素的含量明显升高,与针前相比差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）,针刺四社对照点后血中胃泌素明显升高,与针刺前相比差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,结论：针刺足阳明经穴位可使血浆胃动素含量上升,与胃运动增强呈平行关系,提示胃运动增强有胃动素的参与。     

B超显象观察针刺足阳明经下肢段穴位对胃窦面积的影响

目的通过B超显象观察针刺足阳明经下肢段穴位对胃窦面积的影响，而探讨足阳明经与胃的相关性．方法选用足阳明经下肢段伏兔、梁丘、足三里、上巨虚、冲阳、内庭6个穴组，每组15例，每例均接受经穴及左右旁开1cm对照点的观察．刺激方法为针刺手捻针，观察记录方法为B超显示屏上直接观察，同步用日产日立录像机记录，观察过程为针前记录3min,针刺中记录3min，将记录的信号输入到计算机中每Zs采样一次，6min共捕获图象180幅，以象素为单位，计算鲁窦的面积、上下径、前后径、统计学处理采用配对t检验，组间比较用方差分析及Q检验（方差不齐时采用秩和检验）结果针刺足三里、上巨虚、冲阳、内庭4个穴位后都能使胃窦面积明显增大，与针前比较P值分别＜0．05和0．01，而针刺穴位左右对照点则作用不明显．针刺足三里、冲阳2穴后能使胃窦上下径明显增大，与针前比较P＜0．05．对胃窦前后径的变化起作用的穴位只有足三里1穴．结论针刺足阳明经下肢段穴位对胃运动功能确有特异性影响     

电针抗应激性胃溃疡大鼠脑组织和胃粘膜中一氧化氮合酶的变化

观察应激性胃溃疡大鼠脑组织和胃粘膜中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性的变化．并对电外足三里穴和阳陵泉穴NOS的变化及与胃粘膜损伤的关系作了比较。结果发现,应激性胃溃疡大鼠脑组织和胃粘膜NOS均增高，尤其是胃粘膜NOS增高非常显著（P＜0.01）；电针足三里使脑和胃NOS回降，应激前先电针更为明显，使胃溃疡损伤指数显著下降（P＜0.01）；而电针阳陵泉．与应激组相比虽也下降，但无统计学意义。提示NOS参与了电针对应激所致胃粘膜损伤的保护．这种保护作用可能与中枢和肠神经系统对胃功能的双重调节有关，同时NOS的变化与电针胃经足三里穴位特异性有一定的联系。     

电针足三里穴对应激性胃溃疡大鼠一氧化氮和儿茶酚胺的影响

目的研究电针足三里穴对束缚———冷冻应激性胃溃疡大鼠一氧化氮、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的影响．方法应用生物化学方法分析胃窦、胃体粘膜和血液中ＮＯ、ＤＡ和ＮＥ含量在电针前后的变化，随机分为四组：应激性胃溃疡组、应激后电针组、先电针后应激组和对照组进行观察．结果①应激性胃溃疡大鼠血清ＮＯ含量（ｘ±ｓ，５７８±１４９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）比对照组（１３３０±２７５）非常显著下降，Ｐ＜００１；胃窦粘膜ＤＡ含量显著下降（３３１±０６７ｖｓ６７８±４６５），Ｐ＜００５，胃体粘膜ＤＡ呈增高趋势．②电针足三里穴引起应激性胃溃疡大鼠ＮＯ水平回升（７９１±１１１），与应激组相比，Ｐ＜００１．电针引起胃窦和胃体粘膜ＤＡ及ＮＥ含量改变，有双向调节作用，即原降低者上升、原升高者下降，分别与应激组相比，均为Ｐ＜００１．结论电针对胃粘膜具有保护作用，它是通过针刺对ＤＡ和ＮＥ的双向调节，发挥了ＤＡ的调控作用，影响ＮＥ的水平，通过ＮＯ参与的舒血管作用，调节血流量、增强粘膜防御能力而实现的．     

Effect of acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian on gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric motility and brain-gut peptide

AIM： To observe the effect of acupuncture at Foot- Yangming Meridian on gastric mucosal blood flow （GMBF）, gastric motility and brain-gut peptide.
METHODS： Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： normal control group, model group （group with gastric mucosal damage, GMD）, Sibai group （with acupuncture at Sibai point ＋ GMD）, Tianshu group （with acupuncture at Tianshu point ＋ GMD）, Zusanli group （with acupuncture at Zusanli point ＋ GMD） and non-acupoint group （with acupuncture at non-acupoint ＋ GMD）. The GMD model group was induced by infusing pure alcohol into gastric cavity. H2 Gas Clearance Test （HGCT） was used to measure GMBF, the frequency and amplitude of gastric motility were measured by the method of aerocyst, the content of brain-gut peptide in sinus ventriculi and bulbus medullae were detected by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS： Inhibitory effect of the frequency and amplitude of gastric motility were shown in model group, and the rates of frequency and amplitude changes were remarkably different from the normal control group （-19.41 ± 17.21 vs-4.71 ± 10.32, P 〈 0.05; -51.61 ± 29.02 vs 1.81 ± 14.12, P 〈 0.01）. In comparison with control group, the GMBF was 0.52 ± 0.161 mL vs 1.03 ± 0.255 mL per 100g tissue/min, P 〈 0.01, the content of motilin in sinus ventriculi and bulbus medullae was 63.04 ± 7.77 pg/mL vs 72.91 ± 8.42 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05 and 50.96 ± 8.77 pg/mL vs 60.76 ± 8.05 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05, but the content of somatostatin in sinus ventriculi and bulbus medullae was 179.85 ± 43.13 ng/g vs 90.54 ± 40.42 ng/g, P 〈 0.01 and 532.86 ± 122.58 ng/g vs 370.91 ± 76.29 ng/g, P 〈 0.05,respectively. In comparison with model group, the amplitude of gastric motility was 1.52 ± 20.13, -6.52 ± 23.31, 6.92 ± 25.21 vs -51.61 ± 29.02, P 〈 0.01 and GMBF was 0.694 ± 0.160 mL vs 0.893 ± 0.210 mL, 1.038 ± 0.301 mL vs 0.52 ± 0.161 mL per 100g tissue/rain, P 〈 0.01, respectively in Tianshu, Sibai and Zusanli groups, the content of moti     

血管活性肠肽参与电针对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨血管活性肠肽(VIP)参与电针对胃粘膜损伤大鼠保护作用的机制。方法：采用束缚冷应激胃粘膜损伤大鼠模型，通过放射免疫测定法和中枢迷走背核复合体(DVC)微量注射，观察电针对各组外周血、胃粘膜和脑组织的VIP含量的变化，胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)、损伤指数(LI)和跨壁电位差(PD)的影响。结果：电针模型组外周血、胃粘膜和脑组织VIP含量均增加，GMBF、PD也明显增加，LI下降；中枢DVC微量注射VIP后，外周血和胃粘膜中VIP含量增加。结论：VIP作为信号分子，通过神经内分泌免疫网络系统对胃粘膜损伤具有整体调控作用。     

Preventive Effects of Rebamipide on NSAID-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury and Reduction of Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow in Healthy Volunteers

The precise mechanisms of acute damage and the role of gastric mucosal blood flow in gastric mucosal injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of rebamipide on gastric mucosal injury and reduction of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) after ibuprofen administration. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized two groups. The rebamipide group took ibuprofen, 1800 mg/day, and rebamipide, 100 mg t.i.d., for 7 days. The placebo group took ibuprofen, 1800 mg/day. The numbers of gastric ulcer subjects were three in the placebo group and zero in the rebamipide group. The mean modified Lanza score after ibuprofen administration was significantly higher in the placebo group than the rebamipide group (2.9±1.7 vs. 1.3±1.0, respectively; P=0.032). The GMBF of the placebo group was significantly decreased at antrum from baseline, from 2.8±0.5 to 2.0±0.5 tissue perfusion units (P=0.005). There was no difference in GMBF change in the rebamipide group. Gastric mucosal injury was correlated with GMBF reduction in antrum (r=−0.677, P=0.001). In conclusion, it is suggested that the decrease in GMBF may have been associated with NSAID-induced gastric mucosal injury, and rebamipide may have prevented NSIAD-induced gastric mucosal injury by maintaining GMBF in healthy subjects.     

Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow Regulation in Response to Different Stimuli

We compared changes in gastric mucosal bloodflow (GMBF) and left gastric artery blood flow (LGABF)in response to pharmacological, physiological, andpathological stimuli. GMBF and LGABF were measured by the hydrogen gas clearance and perivascularultrasonic transit time techniques, respectively, underbaseline conditions and following intravenous infusionof vasopressin or pentagastrin, isovolemic hemodilution, or gastric perfusion with HCl-taurocholate.Blood flow changes following vasopressin or hemodilutionwere significantly larger in the left gastric arterythan in the gastric mucosa. In contrast, the increment in blood flow associated withpentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was significantlygreater in the gastric mucosa than in the extramuralartery. Barrier disruption with acid-taurocholateinduced similar changes in both measurement sites. The gastrichyperemia induced by either mechanism was significantlyattenuated by blockade of NO synthesis. These datademonstrate that although functional changes in GMBF are primarily supported by changes inblood flow at the extramural gastric arteries, thegastric mucosal microvasculature is also under theinfluence of independent local controlmechanisms.     

胃痛灵对大鼠胃粘膜血流量及脾虚大鼠模型的影响

为深入探讨胃癌灵保护胃粘膜的作用机制，研究了胃痛灵（WTL）对无水乙醇损伤大鼠胃粘膜血流量（GMBF）、脾虚大鼠D-木糖吸收率、胃壁结合粘液量以及胃酸分泌和胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示WTL能够明显增加大鼠GMBF（P＜0．05）、胃壁结合粘液量（P＜0．05），提高脾虚大鼠D-木糖吸收率（P＜0．05），增强胃粘膜防御机能，但对脾虚大鼠胃酸的分泌和胃蛋白酶活性均无明显影响。在体外也无中和胃酸的能力。     

Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow Before and After TAE

Abstract: An evaluation of gastrointestinal complications after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was conducted by endoscopy in order to investigate the pathogenesis of post TAE gastrointestinal complications. In addition, the gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was evaluated by a laser doppler. The incidence of complications following the administration of a H₂–blocker was 34.1%, whereas the incidence following the administration of PGE1 and without medication were 2.3% (P >0.01) and 9.4%, respectively. In the group which did not receive medication, just after a TAE the GMBF decreased markedly in the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum (P >0.01), and in the lesser and greater curvature of the gastric body. This persisted from 1 to 7 days after the TAE with the GMBF showing a tendency to recover. On the other hand, in the group who received PGE1, the GMBF did not decrease in any site of the stomach following TAE. These findings suggested that the ischemia which occurred due to a decrease in the GMBF caused the gastrointestinal complications seen.     

老年胃溃疡患者粘膜血流量和粘膜电位的变化

胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)在消化性溃疡的发生、发展和愈合过程中起着重要作用,胃粘膜电位(GMPD)为检测胃粘膜结构完整性的指标。我们于1988年1～6月对40例各期老年胃溃疡患者的GMBF和GMPD进行了检测,现报告如下。病例选择与方法一、病例选择 (一)老年胃溃疡组共40例,其中男性30例,女性10例,年龄60～75岁,平均64.5