急性阑尾炎超声检查方法的再探讨

目的为提高急性阑尾炎超声诊断的准确性,对其超声检查方法予以进一步探讨。方法对278例疑似急性阑尾炎患者术前随机分成两组,分别行方法一、二两种检查,结果与手术病理对照。结果方法一的敏感度65.3%,特异度44.4%,阳性预测值88.7%,阴性预测值16.0%,准确度69.7%,阳性似然比1.5。方法二的敏感度90.4%,特异度84.0%,阳性预测值96.3%、阴性预测值65.6%、准确度89.2%,阳性似然比5.7。结论检查方法二明显提高了急性阑尾炎术前诊断的准确性。     

乳腺X线摄影、超声、MRI对乳腺非肿块强化病灶诊断价值的对照研究

目的：比较乳腺 X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 对乳腺 MRI 非肿块强化(NME)病灶的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析116例(123个病灶)患者乳腺 MRI NME 病灶的乳腺 X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 的影像学表现。结果病理结果恶性99例,良性24例,乳腺X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 的敏感度分别为72.73%、65.66%、84.85%,特异度分别为66.67%、79.17%、79.17%,准确度分别为71.54%、68.29%、83.74%,阳性预测值分别为90.00%、92.86%、94.88%,阴性预测值分别为37.21%、35.85%、55.88%。MRI 对 NME 病灶的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于乳腺 X 线摄影和超声(P <0.05)。且 MRI 与 MRI+乳腺 X 线摄影及 MRI+乳腺 X 线摄影+超声结果相近,差别无统计学意义。结论MRI 对于乳腺 NME 病灶有较高的诊断价值,应作为首选检查方法。     

煊影煊流技术联合常规超声及CA125诊断卵巢肿瘤的价值

目的探讨煊影煊流技术(HDlive)联合常规超声检查(US)及CA125在鉴别卵巢肿瘤良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析65例经常规超声拟诊为卵巢肿瘤患者的图像资料,以病理结果为金标准,分析HDlive联合US及CA125对卵巢肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。结果 65例卵巢肿瘤中良性23例,恶性42例;US诊断恶性肿瘤表现多为实性或囊实性、乳头状突起数目≥4等,诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.5%、 56.5%、 78.4%、79.2%、76.5%;恶性卵巢肿瘤煊影表现:含实性成分、乳头形状不规则等,煊流构型主要为Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型等,联合US诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.6%、 69.6%、 87.7%、85.4%、94.11%;恶性肿瘤血清CA125水平明显高于良性肿瘤(P<0.05),诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为85.7%、 47.8%、 72.3%、75.0%、64.7%;三者联合诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.6%、 73.9%、 ...     

实时超声造影对提高乳腺肿瘤BI-RADS分类准确性的价值

目的探讨超声造影对提高乳腺肿瘤乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类准确性的价值。资料与方法收集151个乳腺肿瘤的常规超声及超声造影资料,根据常规超声进行BI-RADS分类;并行超声造影检查,结合病灶造影增强扫描特点重新进行分类,与病理结果进行比较,并比较常规超声BI-RADS分类与结合超声造影的BI-RADS分类对乳腺肿物恶性风险分层的评估能力。结果结合超声造影增强扫描特点后,BI-RADS分类的变化主要发生在3类和4A类,常规超声BI-RADS分类评估诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.2%、52.1%、72.8%、80.5%、75.7%;结合超声造影图像特点后的BI-RADS分类,其诊断特异度、准确度、阴性预测值分别提高至72.9%、86.8%、83.3%,与常规超声比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规超声BI-RADS分类评估ROC曲线下面积为0.802,与结合超声造影后的曲线下面积0.878比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规超声BI-RADS分类的基础上,结合病灶的造影增强模式有助于提高超声BIRADS分类对乳腺肿块恶性风险分层的评估能力。     

乳腺疾病患者超声弹性成像与常规超声的临床诊断分析

目的探讨超声弹性成像与常规超声在诊断乳腺疾病上的临床价值。方法将我院筛查出的88例乳腺疾病患者作为研究对象,分别对其进行常规超声和超声弹性成像检查,根据最终的病理学检查结果对比常规超声、超声弹性成像与联合检查在诊断乳腺肿块良恶性上的准确性。结果在诊断良、恶性乳腺肿块上,常规超声的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为72.73%、66.66%和72.94%,超声弹性成像的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为84.09%、100.00%和83.53%。超声弹性成像联合常规超声的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为94.32%、100.00%和95.29%,其准确度和敏感度均明显高于单一常规超声和超声弹性成像(P0.05)。结论常规超声与超声弹性成像在鉴别乳腺疾病良恶性上均有一定价值,超声弹性成像的的诊断敏感性和诊断效能高于常规超声,但二者联合应用效果更为显著,在乳腺疾病筛查过程中建议二者联合应用。     

CT诊断常见卵巢良恶性病变的准确度

目的:评估CT诊断卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的准确度。方法 :回顾性分析232例经组织病理学证实的卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变患者的CT资料。计算CT诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度及95%可信区间。使用Kappa检验评估2位观察者间的一致性。结果:对于观察者A,CT诊断敏感度92.0%,特异度87.1%,阳性预测值94.3%,阴性预测值82.4%,准确度为90.5%。对于观察者B,CT诊断敏感度94.4%,特异度90.0%,阳性预测值95.6%,阴性预测值87.5%,准确度为93.1%。2位观察者间一致性良好(K=0.933)。结论:CT能够精确地诊断卵巢肿瘤,观察者间一致性良好。     

腰椎间盘突出症神经根受压磁共振脊髓造影诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振脊髓造影(MRM)在腰椎间盘突出症(PLID)神经根受压中的诊断价值。资料与方法连续观察行MRI检查的52例有单个神经根受压症状和体征的PLID患者,分别用MRI和MRM诊断责任病变椎间盘,评价二者与临床诊断的一致性及诊断准确性。结果 MRI诊断结果与临床诊断一致性差(Kappa=0.36),MRM诊断结果与临床诊断一致性好(Kappa=0.85)。以临床定位诊断作为标准,MRM诊断神经根受压的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为92.3%、98.1%、96.0%、96.2%、96.2%,而MRI诊断神经根受压的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为82.7%、79.8%、67.2%、90.2%、80.8%。MRM诊断神经根受压的特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度均明显高于MRI(χ2=26.23,P<0.05);敏感度高于MRI,但二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.68,P>0.05)。结论 MRM在PLID患者责任病变椎间盘的确认和排除上优于MRI,是常规MRI检查的有益补充。     

自动乳腺容积成像与手动超声及钼靶诊断乳腺疾病的对照研究

目的 探讨自动乳腺容积成像(ABVS)对乳腺疾病的诊断价值,并与手动超声和钼靶检查结果进行比较.资料与方法 155例患者共165个乳腺结节接受钼靶、手动超声及ABVS检查,均经穿刺活检或手术病理证实,计算ABVS、手动超声和钼靶检查对乳腺病变的检出率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 手动超声、ABVS及钼靶检查对乳腺疾病的检出率分别为95.8％、97.6％、87.9％,手动超声和ABVS的检出率显著高于钼靶检查(x2=6.356,P＜0.05).手动超声、ABVS、钼靶及三者联合诊断乳腺疾病的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为91.5％、93.2％、88.7％,94.5％、96.1％、91.9％,86.1％、83.5％、90.3％,96.4％、97.1％、95.2％.手动超声及ABVS诊断乳腺病变的准确度和敏感度均显著高于钼靶检查(x2=4.368、3.569,P＜0.05),手动超声与ABVS间无显著差异(x2=1.313、0.893,P＞0.05);三者联合对乳腺病变的诊断准确度、敏感度及特异度显著高于钼靶检查(x2=6.525、4.816、3.868,P＜0.05).ABVS的冠状切面上,毛刺状及卫星状边界诊断恶性病变的特异度为98.4％.结论 ABVS在乳腺病变的鉴别诊断中可以提供补充信息,ABVS的诊断敏感度与手动超声相似,但高于钼靶检查.     

乳腺癌筛查模式的探讨

目的 探索适合中国妇女生物学特性的乳腺癌筛查模式.方法 对2000例乳腺触诊阳性与可疑者分别采用以乳腺X线摄影为主、超声检查为辅(模式一)和以超声检查为主、乳腺X线检查为辅(模式二)的两种筛查模式筛查,分析两种筛查方法的乳腺癌检出率、召回率、特异度、敏感度及阳性预测值,并与手术病理诊断结果对照和进行统计学处理.结果 模式一:真阳性6例,真阴性1920例;假阳性74例,假阴性0.乳腺癌检出率为3％,召回率8.5％,阳性预测值12％,特异度96.3％,敏感度100％.模式二:真阳性3例,真阴性1940例;假阳性54例,假阴性3例.乳腺癌检出率为1.5％,召回率9.3％,阳性预测值5.3％,特异度97.3％,敏感度50％.两者比较,模式一敏感度、阳性预测值、肿瘤大小、召回率均优于模式二,敏感度及阳性预测值比较采用卡方检验,P＜ 0.05为差异有统计学意义.结论 以乳腺X线检查为主,超声辅助的筛查模式是乳腺癌筛查的最佳模式.     

DCE-MRI联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的诊断价值

目的 ：探讨动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取54例行DCE-MRI及乳腺钼靶X线摄影且经穿刺或手术病理证实的乳腺非肿块样强化患者为研究对象,分析DCE-MRI特征、MIP图像中的邻近血管征及乳腺钼靶X线摄影表现;以病理结果为金标准,评价各种检查方法 单独应用及联合应用对非肿块样强化病变良恶性的鉴别诊断效能。结果：54例中病理为恶性33例,良性21例。DCE-MRI的诊断敏感度75.8%,特异度76.2%,阳性预测值83.3%,阴性预测值66.7%,总符合率75.9%,约登指数0.52。DCE-MRI+MIP的诊断敏感度84.8%,特异度85.7%,阳性预测值90.3%,阴性预测值78.3%,总符合率85.2%,约登指数0.71。乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度30.3%,特异度95.2%,阳性预测值90.9%,阴性预测值46.5%,总符合率55.6%,约登指数0.26。DCE-MRI及MIP联合乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度96.9%,特异度90.5%,阳性预测值94.1%,阴性预测值95.0%,总符合率94.4...     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。