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1.
考察了大鼠口服苯妥英锌或苯妥英钠15mg/(kg·d)45d对血脂的影响。服药前后比较,苯妥英锌使大鼠血清HDL-C和HDL-C/TC分别上升8%和17%(p<0.05),(LDL+VLDL)-C下降34%(p<0.01);苯妥英钠则使大鼠血清HDL-C和HDL-C/TC分别下降37%(p<0.01)和21%(p<0.05),(LDL+VLDL)-C上升30%(p<0.05)。 相似文献
2.
目的:研究脂必妥的降脂疗效。方法:通过对大鼠腹腔注射脂酶抑制剂——10%泰洛沙泊溶液(3mL/kg)后7min,分别用脂必妥2.59,1.29,0.65g/kg,及洛伐他汀10mg/kg灌胃给药。结果:脂必妥2.59g/kg组及洛伐他汀组(10mg/kg)的胆固醇(TC)值分别降低33%(P<0.01)及31%(P<0.01),组间比较P>0.05;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-ch)值分别降低50%(P<0.01)及44%(P<0.01);脂必妥1.29g/kg组亦能降低TC及LDL-ch值18%(P<0.05)及26%(P<0.05);小剂量0.65g/kg的脂必妥仅能降低TC14%(P<0.05);各组对三酰甘油(TG)值均无显著降低作用(P>0.05)。结论:脂必妥有显著降低血脂过多大鼠TC及LDL-ch值的作用。 相似文献
3.
盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯颗粒剂治疗细菌性感染临床疗效观察 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用随机对照开放临床试验,对克林霉素棕榈酸酯(CL-PI)颗粒剂进行了临床疗效评价,共治疗各种细菌性感染112例,其中50例与盐酸克林霉素(CL)胶囊随机对照。结果显示随机对照组CL-PI和CL有效率分别为96.00%(48/50)和96.72%(59/61)(P>0.05),细菌阴转率分别为91.11%(41/45)和96.36%(53/55)(P>0.05),均无显著性差异。CL-PI开放组治疗感染50例,有效率为88.00%(44/50),细菌阴转率为93.62%(44/47)。CL-PI单独治疗厌氧菌感染12例,有效率为83.33%(10/12),细菌阴转率为91.67%(11/12),CL-PI组总不良反应发生率为15.18%(17/112),主要表现为胃肠道反应。个别病人有皮疹,未见肝肾功能损害和伪膜性肠炎的发生。 相似文献
4.
高效毛细管电泳测定盐酸小檗碱脂质体包封率 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:建立一个快速、简便且经济的盐酸小檗碱脂质体包封率测定方法。方法:采用高效毛细管电泳法,分析条件为,石英毛细管,70cm×75μmid;温度,20℃,运行缓冲液,10mmol/L磷酸氢二钠(01mol/L氢氧化钠调至pH1081);运行电压,30kv;检测波长,254nm。结果:线性范围100~5000mg/L,r=09989,平均回收率987%(n=5),RSD=351%,薄膜分散法的包封率(195±23)%远高于乙醇注入法的包封率(83±37)%。结论:本法适用于盐酸小檗碱脂质体包封率测定 相似文献
5.
非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血清D—二聚体的变化及其意义 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者凝血及纤溶活性,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定了35例NIDDM患者的血清D-二聚体,结果:NIDDM患者血清D-二聚体水平为1.63mg/L±0.14mg/L),明显高于正常对照组(0.33mg/L±0.09mg/L)(P〈0.05);有血管病变组D-二聚体为2.62mg/L±0.68mg/L,高于无血管病变组(0.69mg/L±0.68mg/L),差 相似文献
6.
洛美沙星治疗淋病临床疗效对比观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
观察了国产洛美沙星与氧氟沙星随机对照治疗无合并症淋病101例的临床疗效及不良反应。洛美沙星组58例,氧氟沙星组43例。男性病人87例服用洛美沙星或氧氟沙星200mg,每日2次,2天;女性病人14例服400mg,每日2次,2天。两药临床治愈率分别为93.1%(54/58)和90.7%(39/43),无显著性差异(P>0.05)。细菌清除率分别为96.6%(56/58)和93.02%(40/43)。其不良反应发生率分别为1.7%(1/58)和2.3%(1/43),反应轻微。洛美沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、青霉素和大观霉素对56株淋球菌的MIC_(50)/MIC_(90)(mg/L)为0.06/0.25、0.06/0.125、0.06/0.125、0.06/0.25、0.5/1.0和16/32。 相似文献
7.
HPLC法测定吗氯贝胺片的含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了测定片剂中吗氯贝胺的HPLC方法,色谱条件为WatersC18色谱柱,乙腈-0.05mol/L醋酸铵溶液-冰醋酸(25:75:1.5)为流动相,254nm检测波长,咖啡因为内标,该法简便,灵敏,准确,吗氯贝胺在19.8~198.0mg/L浓度内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.0%,(RSD=0.17%,n=5)。 相似文献
8.
本文应用反相高效液相色谱法测定兔静注吡洛地尔(15mg/kg)血药浓度,样品用正庚烷提取。流动相以10%三乙胺:甲醇液(甲醇:水=9:1)=5:95。紫外检测波长为254nm,回收率81.4%,日内和日间的RSD值为2.4%、3.5%。最低检测血浓为20ng/ml。用3P87程序拟合为二室模型。α=3.08h-1,β=0.18h-1,T1/2=4.07h,K10=0.91h-1,K10=0.61h-1,Vc=11.45AL/kg,CL=6.73L/(kg·h),AUC=2.21(μg·h)/L。 相似文献
9.
反相高效液相色谱法测定天门冬氨酸洛美沙星及其注射液的含量 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
建立了天门冬氨酸洛美沙星及其注射液的高效液相色谱法.在ODS柱上,以0.05mol/L柠檬酸—乙腈(80∶20,用三乙胺调pH至4.0)为流动相,于258nm波长检测,流速1.0mL/min,苯甲酸钠作内标,天门冬氨酸洛美沙星和内标的保留时间分别为6.4和10.9min.线性范围为0.05~0.3g/L,平均回收率为99.4%(n=6),RSD=0.4%. 相似文献
10.
二氢小檗碱在家兔体内的口服药代动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本实验应用反相高效液相色谱法研究了家兔灌胃二氢小檗碱的吸收情况及药代动力学参数。结果表明,在本实验条件下,家兔灌胃二氢小檗碱有一定的吸收,其药-时曲线符合一室模型。药代动力学参数ka1.049h-1,ke0.298h-1,T1/2(ka)0.661h,T1/2(ke)2.328h,T(peak)1.676h,C(max)241.73μg.L-1,AUC1337.32μg.h-1.L-1。血清中二氢小檗碱最低检测浓度为20μg.L-1。 相似文献
12.
Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.相似文献
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15.
Petrikovics I McGuinn WD Sylvester D Yuzapavik P Jiang J Way JL Papahadjopoulos D Hong K Yin R Cheng TC DeFrank JJ 《Drug delivery》2000,7(2):83-89
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine. 相似文献
16.
《Critical reviews in toxicology》2013,43(5-6):327-369
AbstractThe uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors. 相似文献
17.
《Expert opinion on investigational drugs》2013,22(1):79-86
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation. 相似文献
18.
Alberto García-Lled Javier Gmez-Pavn Juan Gonzlez del Castillo Teresa Hernndez-Sampelayo Mari Cruz Martín-Delgado Francisco Javier Martín Snchez Manuel Martínez-Sells Jos María Molero García Santiago Moreno Guilln Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo Julin Ruiz-Galiana Rafael Cantn Pilar De Lucas Ramos Alejandra García-Botella Emilio Bouza 《Rev Esp Quimioter》2022,35(2):115
The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation. 相似文献
19.
Chang Min Kim Kun Ho Son Sung Hwan Kim Hyun Pyo Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1991,14(4):305-310
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins
from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins. 相似文献