氨苄青霉素钠在葡萄糖液体中的稳定性考察

氨苄青霉素钠在葡萄糖液体中的稳定性考察李秀莲，叶青，陈军辉（新疆自治区人民医院８３０００１）氨苄青霉素钠是临床常用抗生素，经常应用大剂量氨苄青霉素钠与维生素Ｃ加于输液静滴，为了提高用药有效性，合理性，本文对氨苄青霉素钠与维生素Ｃ在葡萄糖液及氨苄青霉素...     

关于注射用氨苄青霉素钠的红外光吸收图谱鉴别的意见

我所93年初检验注射用氨苄青霉素钠三批(上海新亚制药厂:921091,921021;天津河北制药厂:9208241),发现其红外光吸收图谱均与90年版《药品红外光谱集》所收载的标图谱411不一致。     

双黄连针剂与氨苄青霉素钠配伍血药浓度

目的：研究氨苄青霉素与双黄连针剂配伍增强疗效的作用。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定氨苄青霉素与双黄连配伍后,氨苄青霉素的血药浓度及单用氨苄青霉素的血药浓度。结果：用药２小时后,氨苄青霉素钠与双黄连地剂配伍应用血中氨苄青霉素的浓度明显高于单用氨苄青霉素钠,结论：双黄连与氨苄青霉素配伍,可竞争性抑制氨苄青霉素从肾小管分泌,从而提高氨苄青霉素的血药浓度。     

氨苄青霉素聚合物的研究——Ⅰ.氨苄青霉素聚合物的分离分析

本文采用DEAE-葡聚糖凝胶A-25离子交换柱层析法从氨苄青霉素钠的水溶液中分离到它的各种聚合物,通过快原子轰击质谱和红外吸收光谱确证它们分别是氨苄青霉素的二聚、三聚、四聚和五聚物。这些聚合物在兔抗青霉噻唑蛋白(BPO_(16)-HSA)血清致敏豚鼠被动皮肤过敏反应(PCA)中皆呈阳性反应,因此它们是氨苄青霉素过敏反应的主要过敏原之一。     

氨苄青霉素钠溶液稳定性探讨

氨苄青霉素钠静脉滴注时,常与各种输液配伍,关于配伍后溶液的稳定性,报道不一,有报道氨苄青霉素钠在5%葡萄糖中4h 即损失10%(浓度为10～20mg/ml);而氨苄青霉素钠在1/6mol/1乳酸钠溶液中     

鲎试剂检测注射用氨苄青霉素钠中热原的初步探讨

注射用氨苄青霉素钠是一种临床应用广泛的广谱半合成抗生素,因其毒性较低,临床使用率高,用量大,但使用中患者药热反应比较多见。我们在进行临床输液反应的监测中,两年中曾发现4个批号不同厂家的注射用氨苄青霉素钠,输入后患者产生寒战,高烧等类似热原反应,改换其它批号的注射用氨苄青霉素钠则不再发生输液反应。这些有输液反应批号的注射用氨苄青霉素钠出厂时都应是符合药典规格的,家兔热原检查也合格。国内外文献均报导注射用氨苄青霉素钠在高浓度情况下可干扰家兔法和鲎试     

木糖醇注射液与临床常用五种抗菌药物的配伍稳定性考察

目的模拟临床常用静滴浓度,研究阿奇霉素、氨苄青霉素钠、羟氨苄青霉素钠、头孢曲松钠、加替沙星五种常用抗菌药物与木糖醇注射液的配伍稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定8 h内配伍液中五种药物的含量变化,同时观察室温(25℃)下的外观及pH变化。结果阿奇霉素、加替沙星、头孢曲松钠和木糖醇注射液配伍后在室温下8 h内外观、含量、pH值没有明显变化,保持稳定状态。但氨苄青霉素钠、羟氨苄青霉素钠和木糖醇注射液配伍后在室温下2 h后含量明显下降。结论在上述条件下,木糖醇注射液可与阿奇霉素、加替沙星和头孢曲松钠配伍应用。但与氨苄青霉素钠、羟氨苄青霉素钠配伍不稳定。     

氨苄青霉素钠在氯化钠注射液中配伍维生素C的稳定性实验

本文用紫外分光光度法对氨苄青霉素钠在0.9%氯化钠注射液中配伍维生素C的稳定性,按经典恒温加速试验进行了动力学实验研究,结果表明,氨苄青霉素钠的降解为一级反应。25、32℃时氨苄青霉素钠的有效期t_(0.9)分别为5.57h、4.56h。为临床合理用药提供了确切的数据。     

维生素C与其它药物的相互作用

近年来维生素C的临床应用日益广泛,本文拟就临床应用中维生素C与其他一些常用药物的相互作用作一简述,以供临床用药参考。一、与青霉素G或氨苄青霉素的相互作用青霉素钠(钾)和氨苄青霉素钠为目前     

氨苄青霉素钠的配伍禁忌

氨苄青霉素钠是目前临床常用的抗生素之一,它具有抗菌谱广、抗菌作用强、耐酸、耐酶等特点。为了正确使用氨苄青霉素钠,我们摘译了The Extra Pharmacopoeiaed 72有关氨苄青霉素钠的配伍禁忌部分,供药学工作者和临床医师用药时参考。1.氨苄青霉素钠溶液与硫酸链霉素(含有稳定剂)注射液配伍时产生沉淀,氨     

氨苄西林钠在不同pH值5%葡萄糖注射液中稳定性研究

目的探讨氨苄西林钠在不同pH值5%葡萄糖注射液中的稳定性。方法分别用pH值为3.2、4.2、5.4、6.0、6.5的5%葡萄糖注射液作为溶媒制备1%氨苄西林钠溶液,温度20℃,用高效液相色谱法法分别测定氨苄西林钠的浓度在0、0.5、1、2、4、6 h变化情况,计算降解速率。结果在pH 3.2~6.5的5%葡萄糖注射液中,氨苄西林钠的分解基本符合零级动力学方程,其速率随着pH值增大而减小,其稳定性随着pH值增大逐步增强。结论 5%葡萄糖注射液的pH值对氨苄西林钠的稳定性影响较大,静脉滴注使用氨苄西林钠可以选择pH值相对较大(在合格范围)的5%葡萄糖注射液,以减少氨苄西林钠的降解,确保疗效,降低药品不良反应的发生率。     

Stability of intravenous admixtures of aztreonam and ampicillin

The stability of aztreonam and ampicillin in intravenous admixtures containing both drugs was studied. Each of the following drugs and combinations of drugs was added to both 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection: aztreonam 10 and 20 mg/mL, ampicillin sodium 5 and 20 mg/mL, aztreonam 20 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 20 mg/mL, aztreonam 20 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 5 mg/mL, aztreonam 10 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 20 mg/mL, and aztreonam 10 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 5 mg/mL. One of each of these admixtures was stored at 25 degrees C for 48 hours and 4 degrees C for seven days. At various storage times the admixtures were inspected for visual changes and 2-mL samples were examined microscopically for crystalline and particulate matter, tested for pH, and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. No visual changes were observed. In the two-drug solutions, pH was influenced by concentrations of the two drugs and stability of the drugs was influenced by the solution pH. The pH of single-drug aztreonam admixtures did not change during storage, but the pH of single-drug and two-drug admixtures containing ampicillin decreased. In single-drug admixtures, aztreonam loss under both storage conditions was less than 10% but ampicillin loss was more than 10% in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and more than 50% in 5% dextrose injection. The stability of ampicillin was increased in the presence of aztreonam, and the stability of aztreonam was decreased in the presence of ampicillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

动态浊度法定量检测注射用氨苄西林钠中细菌内毒素含量

目的建立注射用氨苄西林钠中细菌内毒素含量的定量测定方法。方法采用稀释法排除氨苄西林钠对细菌内毒素含量测定的干扰。结果将注射用氨苄西林钠液稀释100倍,可排除其对细菌内毒素含量测定的干扰。结论使用动态浊度法检测注射用氨苄西林钠中的细菌内毒素含量是可行的,此方法可替代家兔热原检查法。     

注射用氨苄西林钠氯唑西林钠质量评价

目的 评价不同生产工艺的注射用氨苄西林钠氯唑西林钠的质量现状及存在问题。方法 按照国家评价性抽验计划总体要求，采用法定检验方法结合探索性研究进行样品研究，统计分析结果。结果 法定标准检验47批次样品，合格率100%。探索性研究建立了有关物质检查方法，对各杂质的来源与结构进行了确证；杂质主要由原料引入，不同生产工艺样品中杂质的种类基本一致，但杂质含量及分布有较大差异。结论 注射用氨苄西林钠氯唑西林钠质量总体较好，现行质量标准需进一步完善。原料药的质量影响制剂质量，采用不同生产工艺氨苄西林钠原料药生产的样品质量存在明显差异，冻干氨苄样品质量不及结晶氨苄样品，且更易受温度的影响。因此，应引导企业首选溶媒结晶工艺氨苄西林钠原料。     

HPLC法测定注射用氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠中聚合物

目的建立反相高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法,测定注射用氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠中的二聚物。方法采用Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)。流动相:A相[12%醋酸溶液:0.2 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液:乙腈:水(0.5:50:50:900)];B相[12%醋酸溶液:0.2 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液:乙腈:水(0.5:50:400:550)]。梯度洗脱(A相起始比例为85%,保持8.5 min,30 min内下降至0,保持该比例15 min),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm。结果氨苄西林在0.675～5.4 mg/mL范围内与氨苄西林二聚物峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=1.0000)。结论该方法能较好地分离舒巴坦、氨苄西林、氨苄西林二聚物及其他杂质,方法简便,结果可靠,可用于注射用氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠中氨苄西林二聚物的检测。     

UV-spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in two-component mixtures

A simple spectrophotometric method is used for the resolution of the binary mixtures of ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium. In aqueous solution, zero-order spectra are subject to interference, so first-derivative spectrophotometry was used to enhance the spectral details allowing the determination of ampicillin sodium from the signal at the zero-crossing point for sulbactam sodium at 268 nm. In 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, sulbactam sodium was determined from the absorbance at 260 nm with negligible contribution from ampicillin sodium. Also, sulbactam sodium was determined without interference using first- and second-derivative spectra in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide at 276 nm (peak-height) and 262–284 nm (peak-to-peak), respectively. The method is rapid, simple, does not require a separation step and allows the determination of each drug without interference from the other. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the assay of these drugs in mixtures and in commercial injections.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定注射用氨苄西林钠氯唑西林钠中2组分的含量

目的:建立以反相高效液相色谱法同时测定注射用氨苄西林钠氯唑西林钠中氨苄西林和氯唑西林含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为LBondapakC18,流动相为乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液(7∶93),流速为1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为225nm,柱温为25℃。结果:氨苄西林和氯唑西林检测浓度分别在45~134μg.mL-1和44~131μg.mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9995),平均回收率分别为99.7%(RSD=0.60%)和101.3%(RSD=0.58%)。结论:本方法简单、快速、准确,适用于该注射剂的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法分析注射用氨苄西林钠有关物质

目的采用反相高效液相色谱法测定注射用氨苄西林钠有关物质,并对有关物质进行分析。方法采用Ultimate TM XB C18（5μm,4.6mm×250mm）色谱柱,流动相A为12%醋酸溶液-0.2mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-乙腈-水（0.5：50：50：900）;流动相B为12%醋酸溶液-0.2mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-乙腈-水（0.5：50：400：550）;柱温：35℃;流速：1.0ml/min;检测波长：254nm。结果氨苄西林与有关物质可完全分离,L-氨苄西林、氨苄西林开环二聚物、氨苄西林闭环二聚物分别在相对主峰保留时间为0.7、2.8、3.5倍处出峰。结论定位注射用氨苄西林钠三种杂质峰位。     

Enhanced rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin by N-acyl derivatives of collagen peptide in rabbits and rats

The promoting effect of N-acyl derivatives of a collagen peptide which was fractionated from the hydrolysates of collagen on the rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin was studied. An increase in the blood level of ampicillin was observed in rabbits and rats following the administration of a sodium ampicillin suppository containing N-octanoyl(C8-CP), decanoyl(C10-CP), dodecanoyl(C12-CP), and stearoyl(C18-CP) derivatives of collagen peptide. The most efficient action was observed in the suppository containing C18-CP. Some factors influencing the promoting effect of the adjuvants on the rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin from solution were also studied in rats using in situ perfusion method and loop method. The promoting effect of the adjuvants on the rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin was markedly increased in the hypertonic solution. The promoting effect was also suppressed by the addition of calcium chloride to the solution administered to the rectal loop or to the perfusate in the in situ perfusion method. These results suggest that the tight junction of the epithelia of the rectum will be markedly influenced by the presence of the adjuvants, especially in the hypertonic solution. The adjuvant interaction with the calcium ions located in the rectal membrane may be involved in the enhanced absorption of sodium ampicillin.