The UK version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-UK): reliability, validity and responsiveness

The study assesses the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the UK version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-UK). The instrument was anglicised and administered by self-completed postal questionnaire to 959 patients recruited from general practices in the North East of England. A total of 655 (68.3%) patients returned a completed questionnaire. Principal component analysis produced three important dimensions: physical limitations, anginal frequency and perception and treatment satisfaction. Four items that performed poorly were removed from the instrument. The removal of items greatly increased the number of computable scale scores. Estimates of internal reliability for the three dimensions ranged from 0.83-0.92. Estimates of test-retest reliability were above accepted standards. The correlation between the SAQ-UK scores and the SF-12, EuroQol and health transition was evidence for the validity of the instrument. The SAQ-UK produced responsiveness statistics that were comparable to the parent instrument and was more responsive to improvements in health than the generic instruments. The SAQ-UK is recommended as a measure of health outcome for the evaluation of angina management.     

Functional Assessment in Migraine (FAIM) Questionnaire: Development of an Instrument Based Upon the WHO''s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to develop a migraine functional measurement instrument, derived from the World Health Organization International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps version 2 classification system, which focuses on functional outcomes, and is both reliable and valid. METHODS: The Functional Assessment in Migraine (FAIM) questionnaire was developed using a multistep approach to ensure the brevity, relevance, reliability, and validity of items. A test set of 71 Mental Functioning and 50 Activity and Participation items was generated and administered to migraineurs in the United States and Germany. A subset of 22 Mental Functioning and 28 Activity and Participation items that rated highly on frequency-weighted importance and showed strong psychometric properties was piloted to determine a final item set and to test reliability and validity. RESULTS: The final version of the FAIM included nine Mental Functioning items measuring the dimensions of Attention/Thought (5 items) and Perception (4 items), and a list of 28 Activity and Participation items from which respondents chose the five items most relevant to their lifestyle. Construct validity analysis of FAIM dimensions found significant positive correlations with self-reported symptom severity, moderately significant positive correlations with dimensions of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire and no significant correlation with Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) component scores. CONCLUSION: The FAIM offers physicians a brief and valid method of measuring the impact of migraine on mental functioning and activity and participation as defined by the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Additional testing is underway to assess its responsiveness to change.     

Developing and validating a novel staff questionnaire to identify barriers and enablers to nutrition and mealtime care on hospital wards

Aims

Improving hospital nutrition and mealtime care is complex and often requires multifaceted interventions and implementation strategies to change how staff, wards and systems operate. This study aimed to develop and validate a staff questionnaire to identify multilevel barriers and enablers to optimal nutrition and mealtime care on hospital wards, to inform and evaluate local quality improvement.

Methods

Literature review, multidisciplinary focus groups and end-user testing informed questionnaire development and establishment of content and face validity. To determine the construct validity, the questionnaire was administered to ward staff working in five wards across two facilities (acute hospital, rehabilitation unit). Exploratory factor analysis was used to estimate the number of factors and to guide decisions about whether to retain or reject individual items. Scale reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 138 staff, with most respondents being nurses (57%) and working in the acute care facility (76%). Exploratory factor analysis supported construct validity of four of the original seven subscales. The final questionnaire consisted of 17 items and 4 sub sub-scales related to (1) Personal Staff Role; (2) Food Service; (3) Organisational Support, and (4) Family Involvement; each sub-scale demonstrated good reliability with Cronbach's alpha values all >0.70.

Conclusion

This novel and brief questionnaire shows good reliability and preliminary evidence of construct validity in this small sample. It provides a potentially useful instrument to identify barriers and enablers to nutrition and mealtime care from the staff perspective and inform where improvement efforts should be focused.     

Validity of a job stressors measurement scale in nursing staff: the nursing stress scale]

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine the reliability and construct validity of a scale intended to measure job stressors to which hospital nursing staff may be exposed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The nursing stress scale contains 34 stressors. The scale's trans-cultural adaptation was carried out by means of the translation-back translation method. Validation was conducted on a random sample of 201 health professionals in a public hospital in Valencia. The reliability of the scale was assessed after its readministration on a sub-sample of 30 nursing professionals, with a 15 day interval. The construct validity was obtained through the correlation of the scale with another two scales: The 28 item version of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire and 7 dimensions of the Health questionnaire SF-36. RESULTS: The scale in Spanish language contains 34 items after eliminating the first item from the original scale (N1: computer failure) and including a new item (E1: Frequent job interruptions). The distribution of scores obtained in the initial administration of the scale and fifteen days later do not differ statistically. The Cronbach's alfa coefficient is 0.92 for the total scale and in each of the sub-scales ranges between 0. 83 and 0.49. The correlation between the scale and the GHQ-28 items questionnaire is 0.34. For each one of the seven dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire the correlations range between -0.21 and -0.31. CONCLUSION: The nursing stress scale is a useful instrument for measuring possible stressors in this collective. It has high internal consistency and construct validity, as does the original American version, however reliability is moderate.     

Validation of the Italian version of the EUROPEP instrument for patient evaluation of general practice care

Objective: To describe the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the EUROPEP instrument for patient evaluation of general practice care. Methods: A survey was performed among patients who visited a general practice (n=983), using the 23-item EUROPEP questionnaire. The scores are aggregated in two dimensions: “clinical behaviour” and “organization of care”. The cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into Italian has been performed by using the formal translation procedures applied in other European countries. Data were analysed with respect to item response rate, item–scale correlation, internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the instrument. Results: The item response rate was good for 17 items, acceptable for four items and problematic for one item. The item–scale correlation largely exceeded a value of 0.40 for all items in both scales. The internal consistency of the aggregated scores was also very good, the reliability coefficients being 0.95 for “clinical behaviour” and 0.90 for “organization of care”. As expected, older age and better health status were associated with more positive evaluation of care.

Conclusion: Our study confirms that, even in its Italian version, the EUROPEP is a valid and easy-to-use instrument for gathering information on patients’ experience with and evaluation of general practice care.     

A new, brief questionnaire (PEQ) developed in primary health care for measuring patients' experience of interaction, emotion and consultation outcome

BACKGROUND: A deepened understanding of patients' perspectives is essential in order to improve medical communication. By changing focus from patient satisfaction to patient experiences, more immediate, personal and affective responses may be captured. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to develop a new consultation-specific questionnaire on patient experiences. METHODS: The questionnaire was developed in Norwegian primary care in three main phases. Phase 1: focus groups with patients in order to identify important aspects of patients' experiences, and their words and language when describing such experiences. Phase 2: a questionnaire survey with 110 items including 660 patients. Extensive testing resulted in a reduction to 25 items on six dimensions. Phase 3: a questionnaire survey with 25 items including 1092 patients. Psychometric analyses and feedback from patients and physicians involved dimensionality and tests of validity and reliability. RESULTS: A final questionnaire was produced with 18 items on five dimensions: communication; emotions; short-term outcome; barriers; and relations with the auxiliary staff. The validity and reliability estimates were highly satisfactory. Three scales were skewed while two were more equally distributed. Forty-eight per cent of the patients described less than optimal communication experiences; some communication barriers were detected in 70% of the visits and less helpful experiences with the staff were reported in 55% of the visits. Twenty-four per cent of patients left with no positive feelings, and 48% scored low on the outcome scale (knowledge, perceived result). CONCLUSIONS: The patient experience questionnaire (PEQ) emphasizes what patients value the most, i.e. interaction, emotions and outcome, and may represent a valuable tool for doctors who want feedback from their patients on the function of their doctor-patient relationships.     

Patient-doctor depth-of-relationship scale: development and validation

PURPOSE Because patient-doctor continuity has been measured in its longitudinal rather than its personal dimension, evidence to show that seeing the same doctor leads to better patient care is weak. Existing relational measures of patient-doctor continuity are limited, so we developed a new patient self-completion instrument designed to specifically measure patient-doctor depth of relationship. METHODS Draft versions of the questionnaire were tested with patients in face-to-face interviews and 2 rounds of pilot testing. The final instrument was completed by patients attending routine appointments with their general practitioner, and some were sent a follow-up questionnaire. Scale structure, validity, and reliability were assessed. RESULTS Face validity of candidate items was confirmed in interviews with 11 patients. Data from the pilot rounds 1 (n = 375) and 2 (n = 154) were used to refine and shorten the questionnaire. The final instrument comprised a single scale of 8 items and had good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .93). In the main study (N = 490), seeing the same doctor was associated with deep patient-doctor relationships, but the relationship appeared to be nonlinear (overall adjusted odds ratio = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). Test-retest reliability in a sample of participants (n = 154) was good (intracluster correlation coefficient 0.87; 95% CI, 0.53-0.97). CONCLUSIONS The Patient-Doctor Depth-of-Relationship Scale is a novel, conceptually grounded questionnaire that is easy for patients to complete and is psychometrically robust. Future research will further establish its validity and answer whether patient-doctor depth of relationship is associated with improved patient care.     

Development of a multidimensional labour satisfaction questionnaire: dimensions, validity, and internal reliability

BACKGROUND: No published quantitative instrument exists to measure maternal satisfaction with the quality of different models of labour care in the UK. METHODS: A quantitative psychometric multidimensional maternal satisfaction questionnaire, the Women's Views of Birth Labour Satisfaction Questionnaire (WOMBLSQ), was developed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation of successive versions. Internal reliability and content and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS: Of 300 women sent the first version (WOMBLSQ1), 120 (40%) replied; of 300 sent WOMBLSQ2, 188 (62.7%) replied; of 500 women sent WOMBLSQ3, 319 (63.8%) replied; and of 2400 women sent WOMBLSQ4, 1683 (70.1%) replied. The latter two versions consisted of 10 dimensions in addition to general satisfaction. These were (Cronbach's alpha): professional support in labour (0.91), expectations of labour (0.90), home assessment in early labour (0.90), holding the baby (0.87), support from husband/partner (0.83), pain relief in labour (0.83), pain relief immediately after labour (0.65), knowing labour carers (0.82), labour environment (0.80), and control in labour (0.62). There were moderate correlations (range 0.16-0.73) between individual dimensions and the general satisfaction scale (0.75). Scores on individual dimensions were significantly related to a range of clinical and demographic variables. CONCLUSION: This multidimensional labour satisfaction instrument has good validity and internal reliability. It could be used to assess care in labour across different models of maternity care, or as a prelude to in depth exploration of specific areas of concern. Its external reliability and transferability to care outside the South West region needs further evaluation, particularly in terms of ethnicity and social class.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of neonatal hearing screening program in china: should universal screening be prioritized?

Background

Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of quality of care in hospitals. Reliable and valid instruments to measure clinical and outpatient satisfaction already exist. Recently hospitals have increasingly provided day care, i.e., admitting patients for one day without an overnight stay. This article describes the adaption of the ??Core questionnaire for the assessment of Patient Satisfaction?? (COPS) for general Day care (COPS-D), and the subsequent validation of the COPS-D.

Methods

The clinical COPS was supplemented with items to cover two new dimensions: Pre-admission visit and Operation Room. It was sent to a sample of day care patients of five general Dutch hospitals to investigate dimensionality, acceptability, reliability, construct and external validity. Construct validity was established by correlating the dimensions of the COPS-D with patients?? overall satisfaction.

Results

The COPS-D was returned by 3802 patients (response 46%). Factor analysis confirmed its?? structure: Pre-intake visit, Admission, Operation room, Nursing care, Medical care, Information, Autonomy and Discharge and aftercare (extraction communality 0.63-0.90). The internal consistency of the eight dimensions was good (???=?0.82-0.90); the item internal consistency corrected for overlap was satisfactory (>0.40); all inter-item correlations were higher than 0.45 but not too high (<0.90). The construct validity of all dimensions was good (r from 0.52-0.62, p?<?0.01). The Information dimension had the strongest correlation with overall day care satisfaction.

Conclusions

The COPS-D is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring satisfaction with day care. It complements the model of measuring patient satisfaction with clinical and outpatient care given in hospitals. It also fulfils the conditions made while developing the clinical and outpatient COPS: a short, core instrument to screen patient satisfaction.     

Development and validation of an in-patient satisfaction questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a psychometrically sound, hospital patient satisfaction questionnaire to be administered to patients discharged from medical and surgical services. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey in Spanish. SETTING: Four acute care general hospitals of the Basque Health Service. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Random samples of 650 discharged patients from each hospital during February and March 2002. A total of 1910 patients responded to the questionnaire (73.5%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall perceived quality of health care and perceived health improvement. RESULTS: No sociodemographic differences were found between respondents and non-respondents. Six dimensions were identified from the factor analysis, explaining 50% of the variance. All items, except two, revealed loadings above 0.4. Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.7 for all dimensions, except privacy. Comfort was the dimension with the lowest level of patient satisfaction, whereas privacy was the most satisfactory. The interscale correlations never exceeded the internal consistency of each scale. The analysis of the dimensions with two items of global assessment showed a positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from the development and validation of the questionnaire provide evidence of its psychometric properties, although it would be useful to carry out further analyses to assess time-based properties of reliability. We found a positive relation between the degree of patient satisfaction and overall evaluation of the quality of health care, providing evidence of the ability of the questionnaire to correlate with other concepts. The in-patient satisfaction questionnaire could become a useful instrument in quality-of-care assessment.     

The Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Sum-Scaling Questionnaire to Measure Patient-Reported Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: The Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Questionnaire

ObjectivePatient-reported outcomes are seldom validated measures in clinical trials of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in primary care. We developed and validated a patient-reported outcome sum-scaling measure to assess the severity and functional impacts of ARTIs.MethodsQualitative interviews and field testing among adults with an ARTI were conducted to ascertain a high degree of face and content validity of the questionnaire. Subsequently, a draft version of the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Questionnaire (ARTIQ) was statistically validated by using the partial credit Rasch model to test dimensionality, objectivity, and reliability of items. Test of known groups’ validity was conducted by comparing participants with and without an ARTI.ResultsThe final version of the ARTIQ consisted of 38 items covering five dimensions (Physical-upper, Physical-lower, Psychological, Sleep, and Medicine) and five single items. All final dimensions were confirmed to fit the Rasch model, thus enabling sum-scaling of responses. The ARTIQ scores in participants with an ARTI were significantly higher than in those without ARTI (known groups’ validity).ConclusionA self-administered, multidimensional, sum-scaling questionnaire with high face and content validity and adequate psychometric properties for assessing severity and functional impacts from ARTIs in adults is available to clinical trials and audits in primary care.     

Development of a French inpatient satisfaction questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a brief French-language, generic, self-administered questionnaire to measure inpatient satisfaction. DESIGN: Issues relevant to patients were identified using three open-ended questions designed in accordance with the disconfirmation paradigm. The content of patients' responses was analysed and then supplemented by items taken from published instruments in order to generate a pool of 93 items. Twenty-nine items were selected following a strict procedure. Content validity was judged by comparing the questionnaire to existing instruments. Construct validity was supported by testing specific hypotheses derived from the literature and by performing principal component analysis. Reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha. SETTING: A 2200-bed French teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: A mail survey was carried out on a random sample of 1000 inpatients within 2-4 weeks of discharge. Eligible subjects were medical, surgical and obstetrics inpatients who had stayed in the hospital for more than 24 hours. RESULTS: The participation rate (71%) and the completion rate (95%) were indicators of acceptability. There were modest differences between the questionnaire and published instruments (financial aspects, amenities). Construct representation by principal component analysis consisted of six scales which accounted for 58% of the variance in total satisfaction scores. The reliability estimates of internal consistency ranged from 0.67 to 0.86. CONCLUSION: We propose that the self-administered multidimensional inpatient satisfaction questionnaire provided encouraging preliminary psychometric information. This instrument is intended to involve patient feedback in a continuous quality health care improvement strategy.     

The General Practice Assessment Survey (GPAS): tests of data quality and measurement properties

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the General Practice Assessment Survey (GPAS) and its acceptability to patients in the UK. GPAS comprises seven multiple item scales and two single item scales addressing nine key areas of primary care activity (access, technical care, communication, inter-personal care, trust, knowledge of patient, nursing care, receptionists and continuity of care). A further four single items relate to patients' perceptions of the GP's role in referral and co-ordination of care, their willingness to recommend their GP and their overall satisfaction with care received. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive patients attending routine consulting sessions at 55 inner London practices were invited to complete the GPAS questionnaire. The acceptability, reliability and validity of GPAS was assessed using standard psychometric techniques. RESULTS: Out of 11 000 patients, 7247 (66%) completed a questionnaire in a GP surgery. Fifty-five out of a separate sample of 77 patients attending one practice completed a second questionnaire mailed to them 1 week following their attendance. GPAS was acceptable to patients as evidenced by low proportions of missing data for all items, and a full range of possible scores for all but one of the nine scales. Reliability of the instrument was good. Multiple item scales had excellent internal consistency, high item-total correlations, and test-retest reliability. Scaling assumptions were confirmed, with six of the seven scales achieving 100% scaling success (convergent and discriminant validity). Construct validity was evident, although this requires further evaluation against external measures. CONCLUSIONS: GPAS is a useful instrument for assessing several important dimensions of primary care. It is acceptable, reliable and valid, and has the potential for versatility in mode of administration. It will be a useful instrument for practices, primary care groups and primary care researchers evaluating key areas of primary care activity. Further work is required to evaluate its performance in non-inner-city settings and to evaluate further its validity against external criteria.     

Development of the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine: a preliminary study

We developed a questionnaire for the evaluation of patient satisfaction with telemedicine. Items related to patient satisfaction with telemedicine were identified through a review of the literature. The internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability of the proposed instrument. Content validity was examined using a panel of experts. The predictive validity of the proposed instrument was assessed by correlating scores on the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ) with haemoglobin A(1c) levels and adherence to self-management activities among 38 patients with type 2 diabetes, after they had completed a four-session interactive diabetes tele-education programme. A principal-components analysis with varimax rotation was performed to reduce the number of questionnaire items from 15 to 14, and the scree test was used to select significant factors. There were three components with eigenvalues over 1.0, which together explained 68% of the total variance. These were: quality of care provided, similarity to face-to-face encounter and perception of the interaction. The TSQ demonstrated preliminary reliability and validity but more extensive testing will be required before it can be considered generally applicable.     

Validation of the Job Content Questionnaire in hospital nursing staff

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of the three dimensions of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): demand, control and job support among hospital nursing staff. METHODS: The minimun reduced version of the JCQ was used, which include three dimensions: psychological demands (9 items), job control (9 items) and job support (11 items). Validity was assessed in a random sample of 330 nursing staff from two general hospitals in the province of Alicante (Spain). The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated after re-interviewing a subsample of 50 nurses 15 days after the first interview. Construct validity was evaluated by calculating correlations between the three dimensions of the JCQ obtained after factorial analysis with the burnout scale and six dimensions of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. RESULTS: Factorial analysis revealed that the version of the JCQ validated in this study had the same factorial structure as the original questionnaire. The intraclass correlation between the first and second interview was high for each of the three dimensions (between 0.83 and 0.87). Cronbach's alpha was also high (between 0.74 and 0.88). A moderate but significant correlation was found between the three JCQ dimensions and the burnout scale: (-0,27 for job support, 0.31 for psychological demands and -0.12 for job control). A moderate correlation was also found for some SF-36 dimensions. CONCLUSION: The factorial structure of the JCQ was similar to that proposed by the author in the context of Spanish culture. The reliability and internal consistency of each of the three dimensions was high while construct validity was moderate.     

KEZKAK: a new bilingual questionnaire to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice

OBJECTIVE: To develop a bilingual questionnaire (Basque-Spanish) to measure nursing students' stressors in clinical practice. METHODS: Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions. Initially, 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastián (Spain) completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the 55-item version of our questionnaire. After analyzing the items, we selected 41 items for the final version. Some of the subjects completed this final version two (198 = 198) and six months (n = 211) later. RESULTS: The questionnaire presented high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.95), considerable reliability (Spearman's correlation: 0.72 at two months and 0.68 at six months), and acceptable concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation with anxiety: 0.39). Factor analysis produced nine factors, with high internal consistency, which explained 64.4% of the variance. Based on these factors, the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence (11.2%), contact with suffering (9.1%), relationships with tutors, workmates and classmates (8.9%), uncertainty and impotence (7.7%), lack of control in relationships with patients (7.6%), emotional involvement (5.8%), relationships with patients [being harmed by the relationship (5.2%) and patients seeking a close relationship (4.6%)], and overwork (4.3%). Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed, as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses. CONCLUSION: The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students' stressors in clinical practice.     

预防医学本科生专业满意度量表编制 及其信度效度研究

摘要:目的　编制具有预防医学专业特色的本科生专业满意度测量量表。方法　查阅文献与专家访谈,构建预防医学本科生专业满意测量条目库,经专家咨询等方法形成“初始量表”。选取109名预防医学本科生进行预试验,探究性因素分析形成“预防医学本科生专业满意度测量量表测试版”。再次选取4所不同学校的250名预防医学本科生完成测试版量表,进行验证性因素分析,形成正式量表后进行量表信度与效度检验。结果　量表由4个维度、39个条目构成,具有较好的内部一致性（α系数大于0.8）与建构信度（ρc大于0.8）,且具有良好的内容效度与结构效度。结论　量表信度、效度均良好,可以应用于预防医学本科生专业满意度的评价。     

Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des Euro-Qol bei Rehabilitanden mit Erkrankungen des Stütz- und Bewegungsapparates

Purpose and study population: Health related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly important for clinical and economic evaluation in rehabilitation care. This study investigates psychometric characteristics of the EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaire in patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Study patients came from a German rehabilitation clinic and completed the EuroQol at admission and at discharge (n=149). A subgroup of 50 patients completed the quality assurance instrument of the pension fund of Württemberg and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) together with the EuroQol. Another subgroup of 110 patients valued given health states for the examination of reliability. Methods: Floor and ceiling effects were used as indicators for discriminatory power. Construct validity was analysed by testing established hypotheses from the literature. Correlation with comparable items from the FIM and the instrument of the pension fund of Württemberg was calculated for criterion validity. For responsiveness, the change of items between admission and discharge was analysed for the three instruments. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used for test-retest reliability. Understanding problems in the valuation of given health states were examined in a feasibility test. Because of problems encountered with the original version of the EuroQol, the presentation of given health states was revised. Results: Neither floor effects nor significant ceiling effects could be observed, but there is a moderate medium level bias. Most of the hypotheses from the literature could be sustained. Criterion validity could be shown for central dimensions of HRQL, especially at discharge. The EuroQol is less responsive than the two other instruments however. With respect to feasibility and reliability, the preliminary results of the revised EuroQol version are very promising. Conclusion: In rehabilitation patients of the indication in question, the EuroQol seems to be a feasible instrument with acceptable psychometric properties and seems suitable for health state evaluation. It can add on to the existing disease specific or more sensitive generic instruments and may yield important information for economic evaluation studies.     

初中生心理资本的问卷编制

目的 编制初中生心理资本问卷,为评估初中生心理资本提供测量工具。方法 在文献综述、结构式访谈并结合开放式问卷的基础上,通过对603名初中生的探索性因子分析和594名初中生的验证性因子分析形成最终问卷。结果 问卷由自控力、宽容、希望、自信、乐观五因子22题项构成;问卷具有良好的内容效度、结构效度与校标效度;五因子的内部一致性系数在0.653～0.804间,总问卷的α系数为0.857;五因子的重测信度在0.730～0.856间,总问卷的重测信度为0.917。结论 初步编制的问卷各项测量学指标总体表现良好,可以作为测量初中生心理资本的工具。