~(18)FDG-PET在肺癌诊断中的价值

目的　研究氟脱氯葡萄糖F18 正电子发射计算机电子扫描 (1 8FDG PET)在鉴别肺部肿块性质和肺癌术前纵隔淋巴结转移分期中的应用价值。　方法　对 34例肺部肿块患者进行1 8FDG PET和CT检查 ,PET资料分别采用目测法和计算标准化摄取值 (SUV)的半定量法进行分析 ,并同病理结果对照。　结果　目测法1 8FDG PET诊断肺部肿块性质的敏感度、准确度分别是 93%、85 % ;CT分别为 6 3%、5 3% ,2种方法差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;半定量法准确度为 74% ,与CT相比 ,差异也有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。肺部恶性肿块的SUV是 4 4± 1 9,良性为 2 2± 1 7,2者差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。1 8FDG PET和CT 2种检查方法术前对纵隔淋巴结转移的分期与病理结果符合率分别为10 0 %和 78% ,2者差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　同CT相比 ,1 8FDG PET能更准确地鉴别肺部肿块性质及确定纵隔淋巴结转移分期 ,是一种较好的无创性肺癌诊断技术。     

PET和CT对结直肠癌复发、转移诊断价值的评估

目的：评价PET和CT诊断复发转移性结直肠癌的价值。方法：结直肠癌病人94例行PET检查，其中67例同时行CT检查。以病理或随访为最后诊断，平均随访时间为21个月。^18F-FDG-PET的诊断结果基于医师的肉眼判断、SUV值（the standard uptake value）和CT图像三者结果而得出的。结果：PET和CT检查真阳性分别为46例和32例，真阴性25例和14例，假阳性5例和7例，假阴性4例和10例。PET和CT的符合率88．75％和73．02％、灵敏度92．00％和76．19％，特异性83．33％和66．67％，阳性预测值90．20％和82．05％，阴性预测值86．21％和58.33％。两者诊断符合率和灵敏度差异具有统计学意义P值分别为0．015和0．034。PET对临床处理的影响率为12．5％（n=10）。结论：PET结合常规诊断方法可有效地提高结直肠癌复发转移病灶诊断的准确性。     

PET/CT与钼靶X线鉴别乳腺癌的比较研究

目的评价PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的真实性,初步探讨其临床意义。方法33例乳房肿块患者行钼靶X线和PET/CT检查,分别采用半定量和定性方法分析肿瘤病灶摄取氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)的程度和血流灌注情况,比较PET/CT和钼靶X线诊断乳腺癌的差异。结果PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度和精确度分别为92.6%,100%和93.9%;钼靶X线的敏感度、特异度、精确度分别为81.5%,80.0%和78.8%;但两种方法的诊断效能无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度和阳性预测值较高,并可提供更多方面的活体诊断信息,为治疗策略提供参考,弥补了钼靶X线之不足。     

18F-FDG PET/CT评价非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润

目的探讨^18F-FDG PET／CT评价非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）骨髓浸润的临床应用价值,并与骨髓活检（BMB）及流式细胞分析（FCM）进行比较。方法回顾性分析89例经病理证实且未经治疗的NHL患者^18F-FDG PET／CT资料,其中侵袭性NHL76例,惰性NHL13例。所有患者均在^18F-FDG PET／CT检查2周内接受BMB及FCM,对^18F-FDG PET／CT显示骨髓局灶性^18F—FDG摄取增高而BMB及FCM阴性患者,根据PET／CT所示骨髓异常部位再次行BMB确定骨髓是否受累。结果89例NHL患者中,根据BMB、FCM及PET／CT引导下再次BMB结果,共检出骨髓浸润26例,检出率为29．21％（26／89）,PET／CT检出率为21．35％（19／89）。PET／CT诊断骨髓浸润的灵敏度为73．08％（19／26）,特异度为96．83％（61／63）,准确率为89．89％（80／89）,阳性预测值为90．48％（19／21）,阴性预测值为89．71％（61／68）。BMB及FCM检出率均为19．10％（17／89）,PET／CT较BMB、FCM骨髓浸润检出率稍高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。将PET／CT、FCM及BMB三种方法联合诊断骨髓浸润,其检出率高于其中任意一种方法（P〈0．05）。PET／CT对侵袭性NHL骨髓浸润的检出率22．37％（17／76）高于对惰性NHL骨髓浸润的检出率15．38％（2／13,P〈0．06）。结论^18F-FDG PET／CT在诊断NHL骨髓浸润中有较高的应用价值。对局灶性骨髓浸润患者,PET／CT有助于引导BMB部位,提高骨髓浸润的检出率。PET／CT未检出骨髓浸润的惰性NHL患者,应进一步行BMB及FCM检查。推荐PET／CT、FCM及BMB三种方法联合应用判断NHL骨髓浸润,从而更准确地进行分期、治疗及判断预后。     

PET-CT与腹部增强CT对腹膜转移瘤诊断价值的对比分析

目的比较^18F-FDGPET-CT与腹部增强CT对腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值。方法2008年1月至2011年5月间对中山大学附属第一医院收治的怀疑腹膜转移瘤的97例患者进行,^18F-FDGPET-CT和腹部增强CT检查．通过病理检查及临床随访最终证实有无腹膜转移瘤．比较两种检查方法对腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值。结果97例患者中,经病理检查（88例）及临床随访（9例）证实77例有腹膜转移．20例无腹膜转移。PET-CT诊断腹膜转移瘤的敏感度为90．9％（70／77）．特异度为85．0％（17／20）,准确性为89．7％（87／97）;出现3例假阳性和7例假阴性。腹部增强CT诊断腹膜转移瘤的敏感度为66．2％（51／77）,特异度为80．0％（16／20）,准确性为69．1％（67／97）;出现4例假阳性和26例假阴性。两种方法诊断准确率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论^18F-FDGPET-CT对于腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值明显高于腹部增强CT。     

血清血管内皮生长因子-C联合MDCT诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的可行性

目的探讨术前测定血清血管内皮生长因子-C（serum vascular endothelial growthfac—tor,SVEGF—c）浓度联合MDCT扫描能否判断胃癌淋巴结转移。方法ELISA方法测定80例胃癌患者及20例健康人SVEGF—C浓度,MDCT平扫及三期强化动态扫描,常规病理检查淋巴结有无转移。结果胃癌组SVEGF—C浓度为595．9±201．0pg／ml,对照组为360．0±97．4 pg／ml（P=0．000）;伴有淋巴结转移的58例胃癌患者SVEGF—C明显升高（650．9±198．6 vs．451．0±115．5 pg／ml,P〈0．01）;取临界点为542．5pg／ml时,SVEGF—C诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为82．8％,特异度为81．8％,准确度为82．5％,阳性预测值为92．3％,阴性预测值为64．3％。MDCT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为51．7％,特异度为54．5％,准确度为52．5％,阳性预测值为75．0％,阴性预测值为30．0％。SVEGF—C联合MDCT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感度为91．4％,特异度为86．4％,准确度90％,阳性预测值94．6％,阴性预测值79．2％。结论术前SVEGF-C浓度测定可有效地判断胃癌淋巴结转移,联合MDCT扫描进一步提高准确度。     

PET/CT复合功能成像系统诊断乳腺癌

目的评价18F-FDG PET复合CT灌注成像诊断原发性乳腺癌的价值。方法对33例疑似乳腺癌病人行CT灌注成像和PET成像检查,并进行真实性和可靠性评价。结果27例乳房肿块经病理证实为乳腺癌。PET/CT诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度和精确度分别为92.6%、100%、93.9%。结论PET/CT诊断乳腺癌有着较高的敏感度、特异度和可靠性,作为一种非侵袭性检查方法,可提供乳腺癌在活体内的代谢和血流灌注信息。     

18F脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射体层显像在贲门胃底恶性肿瘤患者中应用价值的探讨

目的探讨^18F脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）-正电子发射体层显像（PET）在贲门胃底恶性肿瘤患者诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法1999年4月—2005年4月间对57例贲门胃底恶性肿瘤患者行全身FDG—PET检查,其中29例在PET检查前未经任何治疗,另外28例为综合治疗后复查。采用目测法结合半定量分析判读PET结果,与病理及随访结果对照。结果29例FDG—PET检查前未经任何治疗的患者中,25例T2～T4期原发肿瘤显影,4例T1期原发肿瘤未显影,FDG—PET定性诊断灵敏度86％（25／29）;其中24例根治性手术治疗的患者切除胸、腹腔直径〉1．0cm的淋巴结40处,FDG—PET正确定性诊断28处为恶性及12处为良性淋巴结;5例患者FDG—PET发现有远隔脏器转移未行根治性手术。28例综合治疗后复查FDG—PET的患者中,FDG—PET发现22例存在复发或转移。结论FDG—PET检查对于贲门胃底恶性肿瘤的定性、TNM分期及判断治疗效果有帮助,但必须结合其他检查才能发挥优势。     

PET/CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检

目的评价PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检技术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析38例接受18F—FDGPET／CT全身显像,并在15日内接受PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检的肺部病变患者的资料,探讨肺部病变的PET／CT图像特点,并以术后病理或临床随访结果为标准,计算活检诊断的准确率、敏感度、特异度、假阴性率及主要并发症发生情况。结果PET／CT示22例病灶代谢均匀,16例不均匀。PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检取材成功率为94．74％（36／38）,真阳性35例,真阴性1例,假阴性2例,无假阳性病例;诊断准确率为94．74％（36／38）、敏感度为94．59％（35／37）、特异度为100％（1／1）、假阴性率为5．41％（2／37）。穿刺后主要并发症包括气胸3例,咯少量鲜血1例,针道出血4例,胸部疼痛4例。结论PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检术能降低假阴性率,相对安全、高效。     

18FDG PET/CT在术前检测食管癌淋巴结转移及分期中的应用

目的观察^18FDG PET/CT在术前检测食管癌淋巴结转移及分期的临床应用价值.方法随机选择拟行手术治疗的食管癌病人30例,术前1周内行^18FDG PET/CT检查,12例病人同期行CT增强扫描,术前均不接受放化疗,根据术后病理对比PET/CT与CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移及确定淋巴结分期的价值.结果22例存在淋巴结转移,共切取并分离淋巴结243枚,转移淋巴结49枚.PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为93.9%、91.2%、91.8%,CT分别为40.8%、96.9%、85.6%;PET/CT阳性与阴性预测值分别为73.0%,98.3%,CT为76.9%,86.6%.PET/CT确定淋巴结分期的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为95.5%、62.5%、86.7%,CT分别为72.7%、75.0%、73.3%.结论18FDG PET/CT图像融合技术诊断食管癌淋巴结转移及确定淋巴结分期临床应用价值优于CT.     

Determinants of diagnostic performance of [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for axillary staging in breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate determinants of the accuracy of staging axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer using [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). METHODS: Patients with primary operable breast cancer underwent FDG PET of the chest followed by sentinel node biopsy (SNB, n = 47) and/or complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND, n = 23). PET scans were independently interpreted by three observers in a blinded fashion with respect to the FDG avidity of the primary tumor and the axillary status. The results were compared to histopathological analyses of the axillary lymph nodes. Clinicians were blinded to the PET results. RESULTS: Axillary lymph node specimens and FDG PET scans were evaluated in 70 patients (59% cT1). Overall, 32 (46%) had lymph node metastases as established by SNB (18/47) or ALND (14/23), 20 of which were confined to a single node. The overall sensitivity of FDG PET was 25%, with a specificity of 97%. PET results were false-negative in all 18 positive SNBs and true-positive in 8/14 in the ALND group. The performance of FDG PET depended on the axillary tumor load and the FDG avidity of the primary tumor. Intense uptake in the primary tumor was found in only 57% of the patients, and this was independent of the size. There was excellent interobserver agreement of visual assessment of FDG uptake in primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of FDG PET to detect occult axillary metastases in operable breast cancer was low, and it was a function of axillary tumor load and FDG avidity of the primary tumor. Even though the clinical relevance of occult disease detected by SNB needs to be confirmed, it is suggested that FDG PET in these patients should be focused on exploiting its nearly perfect specificity and the potential prognostic relevance of variable FDG uptake.     

18F-PSMA PET/CT与mpMRI对前列腺癌盆腔淋巴结转移诊断价值的比较

目的比较18F-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)-1007 PET/CT与多参数磁共振(mpMRI)对前列腺癌盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析2018年11月至2021年4月于四川省肿瘤医院同期行18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT和mpMRI检查的30例前列腺癌患者的临床病理资料。年龄(68.4±6.4)岁, 术前血清总前列腺特异性抗原45.70(16.07, 100.00)ng/ml。30例中14例PET/CT淋巴结阳性, 7例mpMRI淋巴结阳性。术前临床T分期:T1期1例, T2期20例, T3期6例, T4期3例;危险度分层高危29例, 中危1例。30例均行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术+盆腔扩大淋巴结清扫术。根据术后淋巴结病理检查结果, 分析两种影像学检查诊断前列腺癌盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值, 同时采用Kappa检验分析两种影像学检查与术后淋巴结病理结果的一致性。结果本组30例术后病理均为前列腺癌, 其中10例盆腔淋巴结阳性。以术后病理作为诊断金标准, 按照盆腔淋巴结转移例数计算诊断效能, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT的敏感性、...     

FDG-PET/CT in the staging of local/regional metastases in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the commonest female malignancy in the Western world and the most reliable predictor for survival is axillary lymph node metastases. Conventional staging techniques employed in breast cancer include mammography, ultrasonography, isotope bone scanning, sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary lymph node dissection and magnetic resonance imaging. More recently FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT have been used to complement the above methods. This review assesses the role of FDG-PET/CT in axillary staging in patients with primary breast cancer.A PubMed search was conducted and all articles containing relevant or new information were included. Relevant studies examined identified that FDG-PET/CT has a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 97% in detecting lymphatic metastasis.Although positive axillary FDG-PET/CT is a good predictor of axillary disease and correlates well with SLNB, the relatively poor sensitivity (60%) must be considered for treatment planning.     

Preoperative FDG-PET for axillary metastases in patients with breast cancer

HYPOTHESIS: Fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to predict axillary node metastases. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Comprehensive breast care center. PATIENTS: Fifty-one women with 54 biopsy-proven invasive breast cancers. INTERVENTION: Whole-body FDG-PET performed before axillary surgery and interpreted blindly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Axillary FDG activity, quantified by standardized uptake value (SUV); axillary metastases, quantified histologically; and tumor characteristics. RESULTS: There was PET activity in 32 axillae (59%). The SUVs ranged from 0.7 to 11.0. Twenty tumors had an SUV of 2.3 or greater, and 34 had an SUV of less than 2.3. There were no significant differences between these 2 groups except in axillary metastasis size (SUV /=2.3): mean age, 53 vs 58 years (P = .90); mean modified Bloom-Richardson score, 7.7 vs 7.6 (P = .20); lymphovascular invasion present, 25% vs 36% (P = .40); mean Ki-67 level, 25% vs 32% (P = .20); mean tumor size, 2.9 vs 3.2 cm (P = .05); and axillary metastasis size, 0.9 vs 1.7 (P = .001). By adopting an SUV threshold of 2.3, FDG-PET had a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an SUV greater than 2.3 had axillary metastases. This finding obviates the need for sentinel lymph node biopsy or needle biopsy to diagnose axillary involvement. Surgeons can proceed to axillary node dissection to assess the number of nodes involved, eliminate axillary disease, or perhaps provide a survival benefit if preoperative FDG-PET has an SUV greater than 2.3.     

Advantage of sentinel lymph node biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment

Lymph node status is a key factor in determining the stage of breast cancer and the most appropriate therapy and for predicting the outcome of patients. Accurate identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) preoperatively is of clinical importance. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) causes less lymph edema of the upper arm than axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with a high accuracy rate and low false-negative rate (FNR). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can be given not only to patients with locally advanced breast cancer, but also to those with axillary lymph node metastasis and an operable tumor. However, SLNB after NAC results in a lower identification rate and a higher FNR than SLNB before treatment. Recently, a hybrid imaging device has been developed, which consists of single photon emission computed tomography (CT, SPECT) and a low-dose CT installed on the same platform. This imaging system offers an easy and safe method of performing SLNB under local anesthesia. To identify the initial cancer stage in patients who will be treated by systemic therapy before surgery, SLNB should be performed prior to systemic treatments, using a well-developed navigating tool, such as SPECT/CT.     

Role of the standardized uptake value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography in detecting the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancers

Purpose

To assess the role of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) and multidetector-row CT (MD-CT) in detecting the primary lesion and lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancers.

Methods

A collective total of 80 lesions resected from 77 patients were examined pathologically. We analyzed the significance of the standardized uptake value (SUV) and its relationship with the clinicopathologic findings of primary lesions and lymph node metastasis. The detectability of primary lesions and lymph node metastases on PET–CT images was compared with that on MD-CT images.

Results

The detectability of primary lesions was better on PET–CT images than on MD-CT images (p = 0.0023). We observed no significant differences in the SUV with respect to staging, tumor grade, lymphatic or vessel invasion, and macroscopic type; however, primary tumor size analysis revealed that tumors larger than 3 cm had a higher SUV than those smaller than 3 cm. The sensitivity of PET–CT for detecting lymph node metastasis was lower than that of MD-CT, but the specificity of PET–CT was higher than that of MD-CT.

Conclusions

The SUV of primary cancers tends to increase in proportion to tumor size. Although the value of PET–CT in detecting lymph node metastasis is limited, PET -positive lymph nodes can be considered metastatic.     

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation of axillary involvement in breast cancer

BACKGROUND: This study analysed the value of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in detecting axillary lymph node involvement in women with breast cancer. METHODS: In the first 150 women in this prospective study, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed regardless of the PET results. In a second group (125 women) FDG-PET was complemented with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) only in those who did not have pathological axillary uptake. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET in detecting axillary involvement was 84.5 and 98.5 per cent respectively in the whole series of 275 patients, with two false-positive and 22 false-negative results. False-negative results were associated with some intrinsic tumour characteristics. In 21 women, PET revealed pathological uptake, suggesting involvement of the internal mammary lymph node chain. Whole-body PET identified a second synchronous tumour in five asymptomatic patients and haematogenous metastases in two patients. CONCLUSION: The high positive predictive value of PET (98.4 per cent) suggests that FDG uptake in the axilla could be an indication for full ALND without previous SLNB.     

11C-胆碱PET/CT显像在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨11C-胆碱PET/CT显像在前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法42例PSA升高的可疑前列腺癌患者为研究组,5例浸润性膀胱癌患者为阴性对照组,静脉注射7.4 MBq/kg 11C-胆碱5 min后行仰卧位盆腔PET/CT显像,可疑转移者行全身显像。测量最高标准化摄取值(SUVmax)并计算前列腺病灶与肌肉组织SUVmax的比值T/B。结果经病理证实为前列腺癌者22例,良性前列腺增生(BPH)者25例(含对照组),两者的T/B值分别为4.32±1.35和1.68±1.23.差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。11C-胆碱PET/CT显像诊断前列腺癌的敏感性为81.8%(18/22),特异性为84.0%(21/25)。PET/CT显示9例前列腺癌患者伴骨和(或)淋巴结及肺转移。22例前列腺癌者SUVmax与PSA值、Gleason评分值无相关性(P>0.05)。结论11C-胆碱PET/CT显像对前列腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

Sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET-CT scan in detecting lymph node metastasis in operable periampullary tumours in correlation with the final histopathology after curative surgery

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was investigated for evaluation of periampullary tumours and other gastrointestinal neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of FDG-PET/CT for detection of lymph node metastasis in periampullary tumours by comparing the preoperative FDG-PET/CT scan finding with postoperative histopathology of lymph nodes. Study was done on 24 patients with diagnosis of periampullary carcinoma either proven or suspected on conventional radiology. Standard uptake value (SUV) were measured for lymph node areas with uptake in FDG-PET/CT and compared with histopathological lymph node status. For detection of lymph node metastasis, FDG-PET/CT with cutoff value SUV max ≥2.0 had a sensitivity of 71.4 % and specificity of 77.8 % and that for SUV max ≥2.5 and 2.8 were 57.1, 42.9 and 77.8, 77.8 %, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT at each lymph node groups were 72 and 89 % in peripancreatic area, 100 and 93 % in hepatoduodenal area and 100 and 100 % in aortocaval area at SUV max ≥2.0, respectively. At SUV max ≥2.5 the values were 57 and 89 % in peripancreatic area, 100 and 93 % in hepatoduodenal area and 100 and 93 % in aortocaval area. FDG-PET-CT has a possible role in detection of lymph node metastasis in periampullary carcinomas and may be used as a guide for possible lymphadenectomy during surgery and for prognostic purpose.