牛黄复方水煎剂的抗炎作用研究

目的 研究牛黄复方水煎剂(CBCD)的抗炎作用.方法 采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、耳毛细血管通透性增高、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高及角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀模型,观察CBCD的抗炎作用.结果 CBCD可明显减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、耳毛细血管通透性增高、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀.结论 CBCD有显著的抗炎作用.     

冠盖藤的抗炎镇痛作用

目的探讨冠盖藤的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯建立小鼠耳廓肿胀模型、角叉菜胶诱导大鼠足趾肿胀模型,研究其抗炎作用;采用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法,观察其镇痛作用。结果冠盖藤能明显减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀;冠盖藤高中低剂量能显著减少致炎后2 h大鼠足跖肿胀,高中剂量能显著减少致炎后4 h大鼠足跖肿胀。冠盖藤组潜伏期明显延长、扭体次数明显降低、痛阈值升高。结论冠盖藤有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

虎射利咽含片的抗炎、镇痛作用及对小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的研究虎射利咽含片抗炎、镇痛及对小鼠免疫系统的作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀及小鼠热板致痛考察虎射利咽含片的抗炎镇痛效果。观察虎射利咽含片对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠碳粒廓清及血清溶血素的影响。结果虎射利咽含片能显著减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶所致大鼠足趾肿胀,并能提高小鼠痛阈值。虎射利咽含片还能提高网状内皮系统吞噬功能,促进溶血素生成(P<0.01)。结论虎射利咽含片有较好的抗炎、镇痛作用,且能提高小鼠免疫力的作用。     

美洲大蠊提取物抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究

目的本实验就美洲大蠊提取物的抗炎、镇痛等药理作用进行动物实验研究。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀两种动物模型,考察美洲大蠊提取物抗炎作用;采用小鼠热板法镇痛试验及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应模型以考察其镇痛的效果。结果美洲大蠊提取物可抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿（P〈0.05）、蛋清所致的大鼠足跖肿胀（P〈0.05）,可使醋酸所致的扭体次数明显减少（P〈0.05）,并使小鼠热板法痛阈明显提高（P〈0.01）。结论初步证明美洲大蠊提取物具有抗炎消肿、镇痛的作用。     

利胆化瘀片镇痛抗炎作用的实验研究

[目的]观察利胆化瘀片的镇痛抗炎作用。[方法]以阿司匹林为对照药物，观察利胆化瘀片对小鼠热刺激和化学刺激所致疼痛的影响；采用二甲苯、冰醋酸等致炎剂，观察利胆化瘀片对小鼠耳廓肿胀及血管通透性的影响。[结果]利胆化瘀片可明显提高热板致痛的痛阈，维持时间长达4h以上，且随剂量增加而痛阈值增大；减少小鼠因冰醋酸所致的扭体次数，且随剂量增加而次数减少；明显抑制二甲苯所致的耳廓肿胀；对抗冰醋酸所致的腹腔毛细血管通透性增加。[结论]利胆化瘀片具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用。     

胆道排石胶囊的药效学研究——抗炎解热作用

胆道排石胶囊 2 0 0 mg/ kg、5 0 0 mg/ kg　 ig显著抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高 ,明显降低角叉菜胶所致大鼠的体温升高 ,抑制小鼠棉球肉芽组织增生 ,但对胸腺、肾上腺重量无明显影响。     

消炎利胆胶囊利胆抗炎的实验研究

目的通过动物实验验证消炎利胆胶囊的利胆抗炎作用。方法按生药3、6、12g／kg消炎利胆胶囊口服给药,观察大鼠胆汁分泌量以及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,醋酸对小鼠血管通透性,蛋清致大鼠足肿胀和棉球法引起大鼠肉芽组织增生。结果消炎利胆胶囊明显增加胆汁分泌量．且随剂量增加而增多,维持时间达4h之久;抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀;对抗醋酸引起的血管通透性增加;对抗蛋清致大鼠足肿胀和棉球所致大鼠肉芽组织增生,与对照组比较有显著性差异。结论消炎利胆胶囊有明显地利胆抗炎作用。     

重组日本血吸虫Sj16蛋白调节宿主炎症反应的实验研究

目的 评价日本血吸虫重组蛋白（reSj16）调节宿主炎症反应的效果。方法 在大肠埃希菌中对重组pGEX-4T-1-Sj16基因进行原核表达并纯化重组蛋白。56只昆明小鼠随机分为7组（每组8只）,其中5个实验组,所用reSj16蛋白剂量分别为0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0和10.0 μg/kg;并设地塞米松（5.0 μg/kg）和生理盐水（0.1 ml/只）对照组。进行小鼠耳廓肿胀和毛细血管通透性实验,观察reSj16蛋白对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀作用和毛细血管通透性改变的影响。56只SD大鼠进行角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀实验,56只昆明小鼠进行实验性腹膜炎小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性改变实验,观察reSj16调节宿主炎症反应效果。 结果 0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0和10.0 μg/kg的reSj16蛋白均可明显减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和毛细血管通透性增加,抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀,明显抑制实验性腹膜炎小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高,且具有一定的剂量依赖关系。1.0、5.0和10.0 μg/kg的reSj16蛋白组与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义。 结论 Sj16具有明显的调节宿主炎症反应的作用。     

亮叶杨桐叶乙酸乙酯部位抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的观察亮叶杨桐叶乙酸乙酯部位(LY)的抗炎和镇痛作用,为进一步开发亮叶杨桐叶的药用价值提供参考。方法以巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀法、冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进法和大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症法,观察LY的抗炎作用;以小鼠热板法、大鼠足趾机械刺痛法和大鼠尾部辐射热刺激法,观察LY的镇痛作用。结果与模型组比较,LY(0.42 g/kg)能显著抑制化学刺激引起的小鼠耳肿胀(P0.05)和小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高(P0.01),同时能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽组织增生(P0.01);与模型组比较,LY(0.42 g/kg)可明显抑制热刺激(P0.05)和机械刺激引起的疼痛(P0.05),对尾部辐射热刺激引起的疼痛无明显抑制作用(P0.05)。结论 LY对急慢性炎症和高位中枢参与的疼痛有良好的抑制作用。     

消炎利胆胶囊利胆抗炎的实验研究

目的：通过动物实验验证消炎胆胶囊的利胆抗炎作用，方法：按生药３，６，１２ｇ／ｋｇ消炎利胆胶囊口服给药，观察大鼠胆汁分泌量以及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，醋酸对小鼠血管通透性，蛋清致大鼠中肿胀和棉球法引起大鼠肉芽组织增生。结果：消炎利胆胶囊明显增加胆汁分泌量，且随剂量增加而增多，维持时间达４ｈ之久；抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀；对抗醋酸引起的血管通透性增加；对抗蛋清致大鼠中肿胀和棉球所致大鼠肉芽组织增生，与对照组     

阿托伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合性高脂血症的疗效及对肝功能的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀与非诺贝特联合应用治疗混合性高脂血症的较佳给药剂量及方法,以及对肝功能和高敏C反应蛋白的影响。方法60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂对照组、阿托伐他汀组[1.8mg/(kg·d)]、顿服组[阿托伐他汀0.9mg/(kg·d) 非诺贝特18mg/(kg·d),顿服]及分服组[阿托伐他汀0.9mg/(kg·d) 非诺贝特18mg/(kg·d),早晚分开服用],实验过程共8周,复制高脂血症模型4周,用药4周。分别检测血脂、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和高敏C反应蛋白。结果8周末时,与高脂对照组比较,正常对照组及各用药组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯降低(P<0.01),与高脂对照组及阿托伐他汀组比较,联合用药组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高(P<0.01),甘油三酯水平降低(P<0.01)。8周末时,与正常对照组比较,高脂组及各用药组C反应蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与阿托伐他汀组比较,高脂组C反应蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.01),联合用药组降低(P<0.05)。8周末时,与正常组比较,高脂组及各用药组丙氨酸氨基转移酶及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高(P<0.01);与高脂组比较,各用药组丙氨酸氨基转移酶及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶降低(P<0.05);与阿托伐他汀组和分服组比较,顿服组丙氨酸氨基转移酶及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平升高(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀与非诺贝特联合应用可增强调脂疗效及控制C反应蛋白的水平,较加倍剂量的阿托伐他汀效果更佳;二者联合应用时应适当减少各自剂量,早晚分开服用,在保护高脂血症对肝功能损害的同时减少药物性肝损害。     

Role of interferon-gamma and nitric oxide in pulmonary edema and death induced by lipopolysaccharide

Mice given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously developed lung edema, which was maximum after 6 h. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) appeared in the serum, and levels of nitrogen oxide (NO) derivatives were increased in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid. Mice pretreated with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibodies had lower serum levels of IFN-gamma, and fewer died. However, levels of other cytokines and NO derivatives as well as lung edema were unchanged. If IFN-gamma and LPS were given together, pulmonary edema was less, but levels of cytokines and NO derivatives in serum were raised, and the mortality was greater. IFN-gamma receptor knockout mice had more edema after LPS, but were less sensitive to the lethal effects. Treatment with anti-IL-12 antibody inhibited IFN-gamma induction and reduced mortality, but had no effect on the lung edema; exogenous IL-12 also failed to affect edema, but boosted serum cytokine levels and increased the mortality. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, protected against pulmonary edema, but did not modify the lethal effects of LPS. Clearly, in this model, early pulmonary edema and lethality are not directly related, and induced IFN-gamma has no role in causing early lung edema, but augments other events that result in death.     

三硝基苯磺酸诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型制备的技术改良

目的:改良2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)硅胶管灌肠诱导制备小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型的方法,提高造模的成功率和模型的稳定性,并探索造模的适宜剂量和时间.方法:选用40只SPF级♂Balb/c小鼠,6-8周龄,随机分为正常对照组、不同浓度TNBS组(37.5mg/kg、75mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/k g),每组8只,使用"灌胃针"替代"硅胶管"灌肠,并于灌肠后2d和4d分别处死4只小鼠,观察不同组别小鼠生理状态、结肠组织的损伤及病理学的改变情况.结果:在"灌胃针"造模过程中未发生小鼠死亡现象;对照组小鼠一般情况及结肠黏膜组织无异常改变;小鼠灌肠后出现少食、少动、体质量下降、皮毛光泽度下降、腹泻、便血.不同浓度TNBS造模组随着TNBS剂量的增加,小鼠结肠黏膜组织出现充血、出血、水肿、炎症、溃疡的程度增加.HE染色可见结肠组织水肿、炎症细胞浸润、杯状细胞缺失、溃疡形成的程度逐渐增加.其中TNBS37.5mg/kg、75mg/kg组于造模后2d,以上损伤现象开始缓解,未形成稳定的UC模型;150mg/kg、200mg/kg组持续时间较长,以上损伤现象4d内未见明显缓解,150mg/kg组表现为较典型的UC模型,200mg/kg为重症UC模型.结论:对制造小鼠UC模型进行相关技术改进,使灌肠更加简便,提高造模效率,显著增加了模型的稳定性.     

Induction of acute pancreatitis by cerulein in human IL-6 gene transgenic mice

Whether acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein was aggravated in human interleukin 6 (IL-6) transgenic mice and whether a specific anti-IL-6 receptor antibody improved pancreatitis were investigated. To induce acute pancreatitis, cerulein (50 microg/kg, seven injections) with or without 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally every hour. In some mice, a monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody was administered before the first cerulein injection. The animals were killed 1 hour after the last injection. The pancreatic wet weight induced by cerulein alone was significantly higher in IL-6 transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice, but pretreatment with a specific anti-IL-6 receptor antibody did not reduce interstitial edema. When cerulein was administered with LPS, the pancreatic wet weight increased much more than when pancreatitis was induced by cerulein alone in both genotypes, and pretreatment with the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody decreased the pancreatic edema only in human-IL-6 transgenic mice. These results suggest that anticytokine antibodies may be effective in improving acute pancreatitis.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to brain extravasation and edema in fulminant hepatic failure mice

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) can be dreadful. When coma sets in, brain edema develops taking FHF into a lethal course. Mechanisms of brain extravasation leading to brain edema remain incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is implicated in various brain injuries. We hypothesized that MMP-9 contributes to brain edema in FHF. METHODS: MMP-9 and its proform were assayed using SDS-PAGE and in situ gelatin zymographies. Brain extravasation was assessed with Evans blue. Brain water was determined by specific gravity and astrocytic endfoot swelling by electron microscopy. FHF in mice was induced by azoxymethane. MMP inhibitor GM6001 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibody were used. RESULTS: Active MMP-9 was significantly increased at the onset of coma and brain extravasation in FHF mice. Blocking MMP-9 with either GM6001 or MMP-9 monoclonal antibody significantly attenuated brain extravasation, astrocytic endfoot swelling, and brain edema. Brains of FHF mice did not show MMP-9 activity. In contrast, livers of these animals showed marked up-regulation of MMP-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that MMP-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of brain extravasation and edema in FHF. The necrotic liver is the source of MMP-9 in FHF. Inhibition of MMP-9 may protect against the development of brain edema in FHF.     

Recurrent Painful Perianal Subcutaneous Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare, low-grade malignant soft-tissue tumor most commonly occurring in the extremities of children and young adults and has a low potential of local recurrence and metastasis. Here, we present a case of recurrent subcutaneous perianal AFH. After an initial diagnosis as a sebaceous cyst, we were able to use immunohistochemical findings to correctly identify the mass as an AFH. The patient was effectively treated after 3 surgical resections. This case emphasizes the need to correctly diagnose soft-tissue tumors using a variety of diagnostic modalities to ensure that the patient receives proper treatment.     

Effect of Boschniakia rossica on expression of GST-P, p53 and p21(ras)proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and its anti-inflammatory activities in rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of Boschniakia rossica (BR) extract on expression of GST-P, p53 and p21(ras) proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS:The expression of tumor marker-placental form glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), p53 and p21(ras) proteins were investigated by immunohisto-chemical techniques and ABC method. Anti-inflammatory activities of BR were studied by xylene and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenin, histamine and hot scald-induced rat pow edema, adjuvant-induced rat arthritis and cotton pellet induced mouse granuloma formation methods.RESULTS:The 500mg/kg of BR-H2O extract frac-tionated from BR-Methanol extract had inhibitory effect on the formation of DEN-induced GST-P-positive foci in rat liver (GST-P staining was 78% positive in DEN+AAF group vs 20% positive in DEN+AAF+BR group, P<0.05) and the expression of mutant p53 and p21(ras) protein was lower than that of hepatic preneoplastic lesions (33% and 22% positive respectively in DEN+AAF group vs negative in DEN+AAF+BR group). Both CH(2)Cl(2) and H(2)O extracts from BR had anti-inflamatory effect in xylene and crotonoil induced mouse ear edema (inhibitory rates were 26%-29% and 35%-59%, respectively). BR H(2)O extract exhibited inhibitory effect in carrageenin, histamine and hot scald-induced hind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice.CONCLUSION:BR extract exhibited inhibitory effect on formation of preneoplastic hepatic foci in early stage of rat chemical hepato-carcinogenesis.Both CH(2)Cl(2) and H(2)O extracts from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in rats and mice.     

Castelman's angiofollicular hyperplasia of multifocal form Apropos of 2 cases

Castelman described as angiofollicular hyperplasia (AFH) a benign lymphovascular hyperplasia forming a single tumour, classically situated in the mediastinum. A multifocal lymph node form of AFH was individualised by Leibetseder and Turner about 10 years ago (MAFH). This is a rare syndrome, the clinical and biological characteristics of which are almost identical to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). The only difference is in the histology of the ganglia which shows changes of AFH. We report two cases of MAFH. In one patient with histological confirmation of splenic involvement the evolution was subacute. In the second case, the histological features of the lesions were observed to change during successive biopsies: appearances of AFH changed to typical AIL. This observation suggests that MAFH may be a disorder of the immune system. Usually considered as benign lymphatic hyperplasia with a chronic evolution, the long-term development of lymphoma poses the problem of the evolutionary potential of this condition, which may be likened to AIL in which lymphomatous transformation is also recognised.     

Delayed onset of brain edema and mislocalization of aquaporin-4 in dystrophin-null transgenic mice

Cerebral water accumulation was studied during induction of brain edema in dystrophin-null transgenic mice (mdx-betageo) and control mice. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic analyses of dystrophin-null brains revealed a dramatic reduction of AQP4 (aquaporin-4) in astroglial end-feet surrounding capillaries (blood-brain barrier) and at the glia limitans (cerebrospinal fluid-brain interface). The AQP4 protein is mislocalized, because immunoblotting showed that the total AQP4 protein abundance was unaltered. Brain edema was induced by i.p. injection of distilled water and 8-deamino-arginine vasopressin. Changes in cerebral water compartments were assessed by diffusion-weighted MRI with determination of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In dystrophin-null mice and control mice, ADC gradually decreased by 5-6% from baseline levels during the first 35 min, indicating the initial phase of intracellular water accumulation is similar in the two groups. At this point, the control mice sustained an abrupt, rapid decline in ADC to 58% +/- 2.2% of the baseline at 52.5 min, and all of the animals were dead by 56 min. After a consistent delay, the dystrophin-null mice sustained a similar decline in ADC to 55% +/- 3.4% at 66.5 min, when all of the mice were dead. These results demonstrate that dystrophin is necessary for polarized distribution of AQP4 protein in brain where facilitated movements of water occur across the blood-brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid-brain interface. Moreover, these results predict that interference with the subcellular localization of AQP4 may have therapeutic potential for delaying the onset of impending brain edema.