Ablative zone size created by radiofrequency ablation with and without chemoembolization in small hepatocellular carcinomas

Purpose

We retrospectively evaluated whether combined use of chemoembolization expands ablative zone sizes created by radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Materials and methods

Fifty-seven patients treated with single RF ablation for solitary HCC measuring ??2?cm were assessed. RF ablation alone was done in nine patients and in 48 patients following chemoembolization, with an interval of 0?days in 6, 1?C14?days in 27, 15?C28?days in 6, and ??4?weeks in 9. Ablative zone sizes, disappearance of tumor enhancement, and creation of sufficient ablative margins (>5?mm) were evaluated on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images.

Results

Both mean long-axis (4.2?C4.7 vs. 3.6?±?0.4?cm, p?p?p?Conclusion Ablative zones created by RF ablation with chemoembolization become larger than RF ablation alone, leading to secure ablative margins.     

Single-session combined radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim of the study

To evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of both transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in a single session for the treatment of large (≥3?cm in diameter) hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective comparison of four radiofrequency devices

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of ablation techniques for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the use of four radiofrequency (RF) devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred patients with 133 HCC lesions no larger than 4 cm were treated with one of four RF devices: RF 2000 (maximum power, 100 W) and RF 3000 generators (maximum power, 200 W) with LeVeen expandable electrodes with a maximum dimension of 3.5 cm or 4 cm, internally cooled single electrode with a thermal dimension of 3 cm, and a RITA RF generator with expandable electrodes with a maximum dimension of 5 cm. RESULTS: Numbers of RF sessions needed per HCC to achieve complete necrosis were 1.4 +/- 0.5 with the RF 2000 device and greater than 1.1 +/- 0.3 with the other three devices (P < .05). The RF 2000 device required a more interactive algorithm than the RF 3000 device. Session times per patient were 31.7 minutes +/- 13.2 in the RF 2000 group and longer than 16.6 minutes +/- 7.5 in the RF 3000 group, 28.3 minutes +/- 12 in the RITA device group, and 27.1 minutes +/- 12 with the internally cooled electrode device (P < .005 for RF 2000 vs other devices and for RF 3000 vs RITA or internally cooled electrode device). Complete necrosis and local tumor progression rates at 2 years in the RF 2000, RF 3000, RITA, and internally cooled electrode device groups were 91.1%, 97.1%, 96.7%, and 96.8% and 12%, 8%, 8.2%, and 8.3%, respectively (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: Ablation with the RF 3000 device required a shorter time than the other three devices and required a less interactive algorithm than the RF 2000 device. However, complete necrosis and local tumor progression rates were similar among devices.     

Radiofrequency ablation combined with chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas 5 cm or smaller: risk factors for local tumor progression

PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors for local tumor progression after radiofrequency (RF) ablation combined with chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 255 HCC lesions 5 cm or less in maximum diameter were treated by RF ablation in 173 patients within 2 weeks after chemoembolization was performed. Therapeutic response was evaluated by contrast medium-enhanced computed tomography studies. The disappearance of tumor enhancement was considered to indicate complete necrosis. Local tumor progression was defined by the appearance of enhanced tumor adjacent to the zone of ablation. The risk factors for local tumor progression after RF ablation were retrospectively assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: All tumors showed complete necrosis after RF ablation. Local tumor progression was found in 18 of the 255 lesions (7%) during a mean follow-up period of 23 months (range, 1-63 months). The cumulative local tumor progression rate was 12% at 5 years. Larger tumor (3.1-5 cm), infiltrating tumor, and previous treatments were found to increase the risk of local tumor progression in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of chemoembolization with RF ablation is an effective treatment to control HCC lesions. The factors identified in the present study may help to predict the therapeutic response.     

Radiofrequency ablation combined with chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment response based on tumor size and morphology

PURPOSE: To evaluate local therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on tumor size and morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent RF ablation under ultrasonographic or real-time computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopic guidance within 2 weeks after chemoembolization. One hundred eight lesions were treated. Sixty-five lesions were small (相似文献   

膈下肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融的临床疗效分析

【摘要】　目的?评估经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）治疗膈下肝癌的安全性与有效性。方法?选取2014年3月至2018年11月行TACE联合RFA治疗的膈下肝癌患者55例。随访期间评估所有患者术后肿瘤反应及生存率,比较治疗前后血生化、AFP及肝功能指标变化,并总结患者术后并发症的发生情况。结果?在55例肝癌患者共61处膈下病灶中,30处病灶（49.2%）完全缓解（CR）,24处病灶（39.3%）部分缓解（PR）,7处病灶（11.5%）疾病稳定（SD）,无病灶疾病进展（PD）。客观反应率（ORR）为88.5%,疾病控制率（DCR）为100%,所有患者均获益。治疗前后肝功能及血生化指标无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但术后AFP值明显下降,差异具有统计学意义（t?=3.277,P＜0.05）。所有患者在围手术期未出现严重并发症。结论?TACE联合RFA对膈下肝癌疗效显著。在RFA治疗过程中出现的疼痛,通过术前静脉滴注氟比洛芬酯或地佐辛并联合利多卡因局麻,术中加入适量利多卡因与0.9%NaCl溶液1:1稀释液经进水孔对肿瘤病灶进行灌注麻醉,必要时给予吗啡肌注,可显著缓解患者疼痛。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗大肝癌的疗效及生存分析

目的 研究肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)对比单一TACE治疗大肝癌患者的临床疗效及生存分析.方法 回顾性分析2011年7月-2014年7月接受治疗的原发性大肝癌患者67例,按治疗方式的不同分为对照组(仅行TACE治疗)32例和研究组(TACE联合RFA治疗)35例,采用修订的实体瘤治疗疗效评价标准(mRECIST标准)判定治疗后的近期疗效,并对所有患者随访.结果 术后1个月对患者治疗的近期疗效进行评估,研究组CR为68.5％(24/35),PR为22.8％(8/35),SD为8.6％ (3/35),对比对照组CR为40.6％ (13/32),PR为46.8％(15/32),SD为6.3％ (2/32),PD为6.3％(2/32),两组患者CR及PR间差异有统计学意义(P=0.022,P=0.039),但两组的客观有效率(ORR)以及疾病控制率(DCR)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组1、2、3年生存率分别为74.3％、44.1％、20.5％,中位生存时间为22个月,对照组术后生存率分别为52.8％、23.1％、7.9％,中位生存时间为13个月.两组对比分析生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.035).结论 应用TACE联合RFA治疗大肝癌患者具有良好的近期疗效,但与单一TACE相比差异无统计学意义,远期疗效方面能有效延长患者的生存时间,两种治疗方法优势互补,对于大肝癌患者的远期预后水平具有重要的临床意义.     

Hepatocellular carcinomas 2-3 cm in diameter: transarterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation vs. radiofrequency ablation alone

Objective

There is debate whether transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is more effective than RFA alone in the treatment of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We therefore retrospectively compared these treatments in patients with HCCs of diameter 2–3 cm.

Materials and methods

Outcomes, including tumor progression, survival rates, and major complications, were compared in 83 patients (83 tumors) treated with combined TACE and RFA and in 231 patients (231 tumors) treated with RFA alone.

Results

Median follow-up periods were similar in the TACE + RFA and RFA alone groups (37 vs. 38 months). During follow-up, local tumor progression was observed in 16% and 41% of tumors, respectively. The 1, 3, and 5 year local tumor progression-free survival rates were significantly higher in the TACE + RFA group (95%, 86%, and 83%, respectively) than in the RFA-alone group (78%, 61%, and 53%, respectively; P < 0.001). The 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival rates, however, were similar in the TACE + RFA (93%, 72%, and 63%, respectively) and RFA (93%, 73%, and 53%, respectively) groups (P = 0.545), as were the rates of major complications (1.2% vs. 0.4%).

Conclusions

Combined TACE and RFA was safe and provided better local tumor control than RFA alone in the treatment of 2- to 3-cm sized HCCs, although survival rates were similar.     

CT引导下经皮射频消融治疗较大原发性肝癌的临床应用

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗较大原发性肝癌的疗效.方法 对27例TACE治疗效果欠佳的较大原发性肝癌患者行CT引导下经皮RFA治疗,肿瘤大小5.4-11.0 cm,平均6.2 cm.单发病灶23例,2个病灶4例,共31个病灶.AFP阳性22例.术后通过增强CT及AFP检测评价疗效,所有病例随访2～20个月.结果 射频治疗后1个月随访显示,31个肿瘤中14个(45.2%)肿瘤完全坏死,内部及边缘无明显强化;17个肿瘤部分坏死.22例AFP阳性患者,AFP明显降低15例(68.2%),不变3例(13.6%),升高4例(18.2%).并发症中3例出现表皮烫伤,1例顽固性呃逆,1例肝内出血,1例肝脓肿,1例术后出现严重低蛋白血症,术后2个月死亡.患者中位生存期为9.8个月,1年累计生存率29%.结论 对于不可切除的较大原发性肝癌,RFA是较有效的局部介入治疗方法,合理应用RFA治疗,可提高患者生活质量并延长患者的生存时间.     

Radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective comparison of internally cooled electrode and expandable electrode

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation performed by using an internally cooled electrode and an expandable electrode for the treatment of small (< or = 3.0 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human subjects research review board at the study institution approved the protocol, and each patient provided informed consent. Seventy-four patients (58 men and 16 women; age range, 41-83 years) with 83 HCC nodules 3 cm or smaller were randomly divided into an internally cooled electrode group (38 patients with 41 nodules) and an expandable electrode group (36 patients with 42 nodules). RF ablation was performed by one individual. Primary technique effectiveness and rates of major complications were evaluated between the two groups with the Fisher exact test. Rates of local tumor progression, overall survival, local progression-free survival, and event-free survival were evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The primary technique effectiveness was 95% in the internally cooled electrode group and 93% in the expandable electrode group (P = .51); rates of major complications were 0% and 2.1% per session (P = .50) and 0% and 2.8% per patient (P = .49), respectively. Rates at 1, 2, and 3 years in the internally cooled electrode group versus the expandable electrode group were as follows: local tumor progression, 12% versus 17%, 20% versus 22%, and 20% versus 22% (P = .72, log-rank test); overall survival, 100% versus 94%, 94% versus 92%, and 94% versus 77% (P = .29, log-rank test); local progression-free survival, 87% versus 78%, 73% versus 66%, and 73% versus 46% (P = .27, log-rank test); and event-free survival, 47% versus 44%, 34% versus 22%, and 34% versus 22% (P = .40, log-rank test). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the study findings, RF ablation with an internally cooled electrode needle and an expandable electrode needle has equivalent effectiveness for the treatment of small HCCs.     

Imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pictorial essay is to show the imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency thermal ablation on CT, MRI, and contrast-enhanced sonography and to describe the advantages and limitations of each imaging technique in evaluating the therapeutic effect on HCC. CONCLUSION: CT is the standard imaging technique for monitoring the effectiveness of TACE and radiofrequency ablation. Contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI can complement CT in evaluating the therapeutic response.     

Radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization for subcapsular hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study

Objective

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of using radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in a subcapsular location, given the increased risk of complications when using radiofrequency ablation alone.

Materials and methods

From January 2000 to December 2011, 1213 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (up to three nodules) were screened. Of these, 132 patients with 132 subcapsular nodules (mean size, 3.0 cm; range, 1.2–5.0 cm) were enrolled in the study. After transarterial chemoembolization, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation was performed under ultrasound or C-arm cone-beam computed tomography guidance, on the same day or within 3 days. Local recurrence and survival curves were obtained using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Technical success of treatment was achieved in 130 patients (98.5%). Major complications, including pleural effusion, secondary peritonitis, and liver abscess, occurred in 3 patients (2.3%); the incidence of complications was associated with the number of needle insertions (1–2 vs. 3–4, P = 0.039, Fisher's exact test). No patients developed permanent sequelae, tumor seeding, or tumor bleeding. The 3-year local recurrence rate was 9.7%. Local recurrence was associated with the pretreatment serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level (≤200 mAU/mL vs. >200 mAU/mL, P = 0.019, log-rank test). The 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival rates in treatment-naïve cases (n = 82) were 79.3%, 60.6%, and 50.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Combination therapy using radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization was a safe and useful therapeutic option for patients with subcapsular hepatocellular carcinoma.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融术治疗肝癌的疗效分析

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导下射频消融术(RFA)治疗肝癌的疗效.方法 HCC患者200例先行TACE术,然后在CT引导下行RFA术.200例患者共行TACE术495例次.肿瘤病灶共计378个,直径为O.5-16 cm,共行RFA术362人次,663个位点.结果 术前、术后12个月AFP分别为(2 156.79±574.61)ng/ml、(269.53±146.65)ng/ml,两者差异有统计学意义(t=16.11,P<0.01).术前、术后3、6和12个月的肿瘤体积分别是(72.64±24.74)cm3、(46.78±18.95)cm3、(28.27±11.70)cm3和(10.82±8.31)cm3,差异有统计学意义(F=10.77,P<0.01).肿瘤完全坏死率为87.8%.结论 肝TACE联合CT引导下RFA治疗肝癌是一种有效的微创治疗方法.     

同轴微导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的 探讨经肝动脉微导管化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)术治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效.方法 回顾分析1000例HCC的DSA表现与术前多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查结果.其中179例病灶局限于1个肝段,采用微导管超选择插管栓寒.术后4周复查动态增强CT和(或)MR,对40例病灶碘油聚集不良者,进行RFA,术后1个月复查.结果 DSA发现直径3 cm以上肿块670例,3 cm以下病灶202例,子灶400例,动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘482例,异常血供430例,门脉癌栓362例.局限于1个肝段的病灶,微导管栓塞后4周,肿瘤局部控制率为77.6%;控制不良者行RFA后1个月,肿瘤局部控制率为97.5%.结论 DSA对于发现3 cm以下小病灶(含子灶)、肿瘤血供、动静脉瘘、动门脉瘘具有绝对的优势,对HCC的术前评价具有不可替代性的作用.RFA是HCC的有效的治疗方法,是TACE疗效不佳者的理想选择.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term results

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 88 patients with a long follow-up, and to compare conventional electrodes and expandable electrodes. Eighty-eight patients with 101 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules (≤ 3.5 cm in diameter) underwent RF thermal ablation by means of either conventional electrodes or an expandable electrode. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with dynamic contrast CT, serum α-feto protein level, US examination at the end of the treatment, and during follow-up. Complete necrosis was obtained in all tumor nodules in a mean number of 3.3 sessions (tumor treated by conventional electrodes) or 1.5 sessions (tumor treated by expandable electrode). The mean follow-up was 34 months; overall survival rate was 33 % at 5 years. Disease-free survival at 5 years was 3 %; local recurrence rate was 29 % in patients treated with conventional electrodes; 14 % in patients treated with the expandable electrode. Two major complications and 14 minor complications were observed. Radiofrequency thermal ablation in small HCC is very effective with a low percentage of major complications. The use of an expandable electrode substantially reduced the number of treatment sessions but did not modify the overall survival rate and the disease-free survival rate. Received: 7 January 2000 Revised: 19 July 2000 Accepted: 11 August 2000