乌司他丁在体外循环中肺保护机制的研究

目的:探讨体外循环所引起的肺组织炎性损伤,研究术中应用乌司他丁(UTI)保护作用及可能的机制.方法:25例患者随机分为两组,实验组将乌司他丁2万U/kg于体外循环开始后,直接加入体外循环机中;对照组除用等量生理盐水替代乌司他丁外,其他条件相同.动态检测两组患者左右房中性粒细胞数(polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMN)、血小板数(et);血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;气道压力、肺泡氧合指数(OI).结果:①对照组主动脉开放心脏复跳后5 min左房PMN、Pt明显低于右房(P＜0.05);②体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-6、TNF-α进行性升高,于主动脉开放心脏复跳后达最高,后逐渐下降,但仍高于CPB前,对照组增高更显著(P＜0.05).③CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-10进行性增高,于主动脉开放心脏复跳后,达到最高,后逐渐下降,但仍高于CPB前,实验组增高更显著(P＜0.05).④两组患者肺泡氧合指数(OI)CPB后比麻醉诱导时增高,对照组升幅明显高于实验组(P＜0.05).⑤两组气道峰压、气道平台压在停CPB和手术结束后均有升高,但对照组升高更显著(P＜0.05),且对照组与实验组有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:乌司他丁能通过抑制血小板、中性粒细胞的激活、肺内聚集和扣留,抑制炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的产生,并能促进抗炎因子IL-10的释放,从而减轻体外循环后肺损伤和通气功能障碍,保护并改善术后肺功能.     

乌司他丁在体外循环中肺保护机制的研究

目的探讨体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）所引起的肺组织炎性损伤,研究术中应用乌司他丁（UTI）对肺的保护作用及可能的机制。方法25例患者随机分为两组,实验组于转流后将UTI加入体外循环机中。动态检测两组患者左、右房中性粒细胞数（polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMN）、血小板数（Plt）;血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平;肺顺应性;CPB后肺组织电镜检查变化结果。结果①对照组心脏复跳后左房PMN、Pt明显低于右房（P〈0．05）;②CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-6、TNF-α进行性升高,心脏复跳后逐渐下降,对照组增高更显著（P〈0．05）。③CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-10进行性增高,心脏复跳后逐渐下降,实验组增高更显著（P〈0．05）。④肺顺应性在停CPB后均降低,对照组降低更显著,与实验组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。⑤电镜观测：实验组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型肺泡细胞内细胞器、细胞形态学的改变较轻。结论UTI能减轻CPB后肺损伤,保护术后肺功能。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对促炎性细胞因子释放的影响

目的　通过观察体外循环 (CPB)中预充 1,6—二磷酸果糖 (FDP)对CPB术后促炎性细胞因子释放的影响 ,探讨它减轻CPB术后全身炎症反应的作用和机理。方法　选择 3 8例主动脉阻断时间在 2 0min以上的心脏直视手术患者 ,随机分为实验组 2 0例 ,对照组 18例。实验组在常规CPB预充液中加入FDP2 0 0mg/kg ,对照组不用FDP。分别在手术开始前、CPB结束后即刻、CPB结束后 3h、6h及 2 4h抽取桡动脉血 ,采用ELISA法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)、白介素 - 6(IL - 6)、白介素 - 8(IL - 8)的浓度。结果　两组患者术前血浆TNF -α、IL- 6、IL - 8的浓度无差异 ,在CPB结束后均已明显升高 ( p <0 .0 1) ,CPB后 3h达高峰 ,6h已开始下降 ,2 4hTNF-α恢复到接近术前水平 ( p>0 .0 5 ) ,IL - 6、IL - 8仍高于术前 ( p <0 .0 5 )。实验组患者TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8在CPB结束后即刻、3h、6h血浆浓度均明显低于对照组 ( p<0 .0 1) ,IL - 6、IL - 8在CPB结束后 2 4h也低于对照组 ( p<0 .0 5 )。结论　CPB术后血浆促炎性细胞因子TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8的浓度明显升高 ,在CPB预充液中加入FDP可明显减少CPB术后TNF -α、IL - 6、IL - 8的释放 ,表明此药可减轻CPB术后全身炎症反应。     

心脏直视手术中糖皮质激素对血浆细胞因子的影响

目的 :观察低温体外循环心内直视手术中细胞因子IL - 8、TNF -a、IL - 10的变化 ,探讨皮质类固醇激素的使用对其影响。方法 :在 6 0例体外循环手术的患者中 ,随机分为甲基强的松龙组、地塞米松组、对照组。应用ELISA法测定围体外循环期各组中血浆IL - 8、TNF -α、IL - 10浓度。结果 :对照组中IL - 8在体外循环结束后明显高于体外循环前 (P <0 .0 1) ;两治疗组中IL - 8较手术前升高 ,但不明显 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组中IL - 10在体外循环后其血浆浓度均增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,两组中无显著差异 ;对照组中IL - 10浓度较手术前升高(P <0 .0 5 ) ,但其升高幅度不如两治疗组明显。三组中TNF -a均无明显变化。结论 :皮质类固醇激素的使用可以显著增加体外循环后IL - 10的血浆内含量 ,减少IL - 8的生成 ;但对TNF -a无影响。     

抑肽酶对常温体外循环中TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8的影响

目的 :探讨抑肽酶对常温体外循环术中、术后炎性反应的抑制作用。方法 :4 0例常温体外循环下行心脏直视手术的风湿性心瓣膜病患者随机分为 2组。试验组 2 0例 ,于转机前加入抑肽酶 5万kIU·kg-1,对照组 2 0例未用抑肽酶。分别于麻醉前、主动脉阻断 10min、停机后 10min、术后 2 4h及术后 4 8h采取动脉血标本 ,酶标放免法分别测定血浆IL 6、IL 8及TNF α水平。结果 :2组麻醉前各因子血浆水平差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .5 ) ,对照组各因子在体外循环后各时点均升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后 4 8h恢复至基础值 ,而试验组各时间点各因子水平也升高(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,但均较对照组低 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。试验组与对照组相比 ,围手术期输血量及术后胸腔引流量明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :抑肽酶可减轻常温体外循环术中、术后患者全身炎性反应综合征 ,减少术后渗血及围手术期输血量     

含抑肽酶的低温保护液肺动脉灌注对体外循环术后肺的保护作用

目的　研究体外循环 ( cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)期间低温保护液肺动脉灌注对肺的保护作用。方法　 12只杂种犬随机分为对照组和实验组。主动脉阻断后 ,对照组经右肺动脉灌注 4℃乳酸林格液 ,实验组经右肺动脉灌注4℃含抑肽酶的低温保护液。开放主动脉并停 CPB后收集肺静脉血标本进行生化分析 ,测定肺功能并进行组织学检查。结果　实验组气道压在 CPB结束后显著低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;两组右肺静脉血氧分压在 CPB结束后 30 ,60 min均较左肺静脉血氧分压高 ,实验组右肺静脉血氧分压在停 CPB60 min时显著高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;实验组右房 /右肺静脉白细胞比值和脂质过氧化物 ( malondialdehyde,MDA)在开放主动脉后 5min明显低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;组织学观察提示两组左肺均有明显肺泡内出血和间质水肿 ,对照组右肺病理改变较左肺轻 ,实验组右肺组织结构基本正常。结论　 CPB期间肺动脉灌注含抑肽酶的低温保护液可以明显减轻 CPB对肺造成的损伤     

不同麻醉药对体外循环细胞因子的影响

目的　观察不同麻醉药对体外循环 (CPB)炎性反应的影响。方法　 45例先天性心脏病房、室间隔缺损患者 ,按麻醉维持不同随机分为 3组 :芬太尼组 (Fen组 )主要用芬太尼维持 ;异氟醚组 (Iso组 )以吸入体积分数为 1 0 %～ 1 5 %异氟醚为主 ;异丙酚组 (Pro组 )主要用异丙酚维持。分别于以下 5个时点采集动脉血 ,麻醉诱导后 (T1)、切皮前 (T2 )、升主动脉开放后(T3 )、CPB术后 2h(T4)、CPB术后 2 4h(T5 ) ,用放射免疫法测定肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)、白介素 - 6(IL - 6)。结果　Iso组切皮前 (T2 )TNF -α明显下降 ,从 0 94μg/L降至 0 3 8μg/L ,有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;T2～T4的值明显低于其他两组(P <0 0 5 )。各组TNF -α、IL - 6在CPB中及术后均较切皮前 (T2 )升高 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。三组间各时间点IL - 6的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　CPB过程中及术后血浆TNF -α、IL - 6均有不同程度升高 ,最高值在CPB术后 2h出现 ,于术后 2 4h降低 ,但仍高于术前水平。异氟醚对TNF -α的释放虽有一定的抑制作用 ,但并不能改变CPB手术对TNF -α的影响 ;而异氟醚、芬太尼和异丙酚对IL - 6的影响无显著性差异     

前列腺素E1在体外循环中调控炎症反应及肺保护作用的研究

目的:研究前列腺素E1(PGE1)调控炎症系统对体外循环(CPB)中肺损伤的保护作用.方法:选取2006年3月至6月24例风湿性心脏瓣膜病手术患者,随机分为对照组和实验组(PGE1治疗组),各12例.实验组于麻醉诱导时从中心静脉泵人PGE1[15 ng/(kg·min)]至CPB结束.于转流前5 min、心脏复跳后15 min检测左、右心房血中性粒细胞(PMN)及血小板(Plt)计数.检测转流前5 min(T1)、转流30 min(T2)、心脏复跳后15 min(T3)、CPB结束1 h(T4)和6 h(T5)的血清sE-选择素、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度.记录麻醉诱导后、开胸后、CPB及手术结束时的肺顺应性(CL)及氧合指数(OI).结果:①两组转流前左、右心房血PMN、Plt无显著差异,心脏复跳后15 min对照组左心房血PMN、Plt明显低于右心房血(P＜0.01),实验组左、右心房血PMN、Plt计数无显著差异(P＞0.05);②CPB开始后两组sE-选择素的浓度逐渐升高.对照组更为明显(P＜0.01);③CPB开始后实验组CRP浓度较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01);④CPB结束时,实验组氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),肺顺应性(compliance of lung,CL)显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:PGE1可减轻CPB引起的PNM及Plt在肺内聚集、抑制血管内皮细胞的激活,减轻血管内皮细胞损伤,减少全身炎症反应,并减轻由此引起的肺损伤.     

国产抑肽酶抗炎作用的临床研究

目的　研究国产抑肽酶 (赫肽林 )的抗炎作用。方法　 32例患者随机分成抑肽酶组及对照组 ,抑肽酶组给予大剂量抑肽酶 (5 0 0万KIU) ,对照组给予相同容量的盐水 ,分别在术前、转机开始后 15min、开升主动脉后10min、术后 4h及术后一日晨抽取血标本测定白细胞介素 - 8(IL - 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)、髓过氧化酶(MPO) ,并且记录了两组患者术后 4h的呼吸指数。所得数据已经稀释校正 ,统计学分析由spss软件处理。 结果　抑肽酶组TNF -α、IL - 8转机后的升高均低于对照组 ,但两组在各时间点没有显著性差异。对照组IL - 8转机开始后 15min较术前明显升高 (p<0 .0 5 )。抑肽酶组的MPO转机后的升高均低于对照组 ,且术后 4h抑肽酶组MPO(0 .6 2± 0 .6 8)U/ml明显低于对照组 (2 .5± 3.2 )U/ml,p <0 .0 5。两组患者术后 4h的呼吸指数无显著性差异 (p>0 .0 5 )。结论　大剂量国产抑肽酶在体外循环 (CPB)中可能有一定的抗炎作用 ,但还需要进一步加以论证     

抑肽酶对心脏体外循环术后TNF-α水平的影响

采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定不同剂量抑肽酶对心脏体外循环 (CPB)术中肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)的含量。结果显示 :CBP术后 2 4h血浆TNF α含量 ,在全量抑肽酶组较对照组有明显降低 (P <0 .0 5) ;在单次剂量抑肽酶组较对照组无差异 (P <0 .0 5)。表明全量抑肽酶具有抗炎效果     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.