吉西他滨单药与联合顺铂化疗治疗中老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:评价吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)与单独使用吉西他滨的疗效与安全性.方法:140例晚期NSCLC(Ⅲb/Ⅳ期)患者随机均分为吉西他滨联合顺铂组(n=70)和单独使用吉西他滨组(n=70).联合给药组患者静脉注射吉西他滨(1 250 mg/m2,第1、8天)和顺铂(75 mg/m2,第1天);单独给药组患者静脉注射吉西他滨(1 250 mg/m2,第1、8天).每21天为一个疗程,共持续4个疗程.结果:吉西他滨与顺铂联合给药组疗效优于吉西他滨单独给药组(P＜0.05).而在血细胞减少、血红蛋白减少以及恶心呕吐等不良反应上,吉西他滨单独给药组低于联合给药组,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后2年的随访结果也显示经吉西他滨与顺铂联合治疗的患者1年有效率及中位生存期均优于吉西他滨单独治疗组(P＜0.05).结论:吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗中老年晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,未明显增加不良反应,患者耐受性好,值得临床推广.     

两种铂类与吉西他滨联合用于初治老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者临床对比观察

目的:探讨顺铂或奥沙利铂与吉西他滨联用于初治老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性差异。方法:选取初治老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者140例,采用随机数字表法分为A组（70例）和B组（70例）。在吉西他滨基础上分别加用顺铂和奥沙利铂静脉滴注,比较两组患者临床疗效,中位无进展生存时间,治疗前后体质量、KPS评分及III-IV级不良反应发生情况等。结果:两组患者临床疗效和中位无进展时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者治疗后体质量和KPS评分均较治疗前显著提高,且B组患者治疗后两项指标优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。B组患者III-IV级不良反应发生率显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:相较于顺铂与吉西他滨联合,奥沙利铂与吉西他滨联合用于初治老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者可有效提高其生活质量,降低严重不良反应发生风险,但两种化疗方案临床疗效相当。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的:比较晚期非小细胞肺癌采用吉西他滨加顺铂与长春瑞宾加顺铂化疗的疗效.方法:80例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者分为两组,A组(40例采用吉西他滨加顺铂联合化疗);B组(40例采用长春瑞宾加顺铂化疗),进行疗效分析.结果:A组CR 4例,PR 20例,总有效率60.0%,B组CR 2例,PR 13例,总有效率37.5%.统计学比较,两组具显著性差异(P＜0.05).A组中位生存期9.5个月,B组6.3个月.主要不良反应为不同程度的白细胞、血小板、血色素下降,B组均较A组明显(P＜0.05).结论:吉西他滨加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效明确,耐受性好.     

培美曲塞、吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性

目的 探讨培美曲塞、吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性.方法回顾性分析接受化疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者138例,其中接受培美曲塞联合奈达铂化疗方案患者69例(培美曲塞组),接受吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗方案患者69例(吉西他滨组),对比分析2组患者近期疗效以及不良反应发生情况.结果培美曲塞组患者治疗总有效率为33.33%,吉西他滨组患者治疗总有效率为30.43%,2组差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05).2组患者化疗相关不良反应主要为胃肠反应以及血象改变,培美曲塞组患者脱发、恶心呕吐、血小板下降以及白细胞减少不良反应发生率显著低于吉西他滨组患者(P<0.05);2组间血红蛋白减少、肝肾毒性以及静脉炎不良反应发生率差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后2组患者临床症状评分均有所改善,但2组间差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05).结论培美曲塞、吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌均可获得较好临床效果,但培美曲塞联合奈达铂化疗方案不良反应较轻,以Ⅰ~Ⅱ度为主,是较为理想的晚期非小细胞肺癌的化疗方案.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌46例报道

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效及不良反应.方法46例患者采用吉西他滨1g/m2,d1,8,15及顺铂90mg/m2分两天(d 2,3)化疗.28天为1周期,3周期评价疗效.结果46例可评价疗效和不良反应.初治病例RR 53.8%;复治病例35%.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制.结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率较高,不良反应可以耐受.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗三阴性和非三阴性乳腺癌的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨晚期三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)和非三阴性乳腺癌(non-TNBC)使用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗的临床疗效及临床安全性.方法 选择晚期乳腺癌患者120例,按照免疫组化表达分为TNBC组(52例)和non-TNBC组(68例).化疗方案为:第1、8天给予静脉滴注吉西他滨1000 mg/m2.顺铂一般80～100 mg/m2,每3周1次;或20 mg/m2,连用5天,每3～4周重复1次.分析2组患者临床病理特征、近期疗效及不良反应.结果 TNBC组有效率为38.5％(20/52),控制率为75.0％ (39/52);non-TNBC组有效率为22.1％ (15/68),控制率为57.4％ (39/68).2组患者有效率和控制率的组间比较均存在统计学差异(P＜0.05);患者无进展生存期的组间比较也存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗方案的不良反应主要为胃肠道反应和血液学毒性,2组患者的不良反应的组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗对TNBC和non-TNBC患者均有效,而TNBC患者的近期疗效优于non-TNBC患者;在不良反应方面TNBC和non-TNBC患者则没有明显差别,2组患者均能对化疗药的毒副作用耐受,其安全性较好.     

顺铂胸腔灌注联合化疗治疗肺癌恶性胸水的疗效观察

目的:观察顺铂胸腔灌注联合静脉吉西他滨或培美曲塞化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌并恶性胸水的临床疗效。方法:41例非小细胞肺癌并恶性胸水患者,顺铂按75mg/m2胸腔灌注,同时行常规剂量的静脉吉西他滨或培美曲塞化疗,评价肺部肿瘤和胸水的控制情况、生活质量及不良反应。结果:17例肺鳞癌患者中,胸水治疗RR 76.5%,肺部肿瘤RR 29.4%,DCR 76.5%。24例肺非鳞癌患者中,胸水治疗RR 75%,肺部肿瘤RR 37.5%,DCR 83.3%。胸水治疗RR与肺部肿瘤DCR有相关性。90.2%患者生活质量获得改善。治疗不良反应轻。结论:顺铂胸腔灌注联合静脉吉西他滨或培美曲塞化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌并恶性胸水的临床疗效肯定,不良反应轻。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法将92例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分入培美曲塞组及吉西他滨组,2组患者分别接受培美曲塞或吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗。比较2组患者1年及2年生存率、近期疗效、中位生存时间及不良反应发生率。结果培美曲塞组1年及2年生存率分别为64.2%和35.7%,吉西他滨组分别为61.9%和31.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组中位生存时间分别为16.8个月和17.1个月(P>0.05)。吉西他滨组与培美曲塞组治疗有效率分别为80.9%和83.3%,总缓解率分别为45.2%和42.9%(P>0.05);培美曲塞组患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ级骨髓抑制发生率显著低于吉西他滨组(11.9%vs 45.2%,P<0.05);治疗后培美曲塞组患者KPS评分显著优于吉西他滨组(P<0.05)。结论培美曲塞与吉西他滨分别联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效相当,但前者不良反应小,患者生活质量优于后者。     

长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的:观察长春瑞滨(NVB)联合奥沙利铂(LOHP)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应.方法:将经病理组织学或细胞学确诊为非小细胞肺癌的患者作为研究对象,60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例.治疗组给予NVB加LOHP治疗,21天为一周期,用2周期;对照组给予NVB加DDP(顺铂)治疗,21天为一周期,用2周期.结果:总有效率治疗组为43.3%,对照组为40.0%(P>0.05).不良反应以白细胞减少、恶心、呕吐以及周围神经炎为主,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的恶心、呕吐、肾功能损害及心功能不全主要发生在对照组,周围神经炎主要发生在治疗组(P<0.05).结论:长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效与长春瑞宾联合顺铂治疗的疗效相似,均有较好的疗效.但长春瑞滨联合奥沙利铂组的不良反应比长春瑞滨联合顺铂组轻,病人更容易耐受,可以作为晚期非小细胞肺癌的一线治疗方案,更适宜老年患者及心肺功能不全的患者.     

国产吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期临床观察

目的：观察国产吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效及不良反应.方法：154例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组,观察组76例,给予GC方案（吉西他滨联合卡铂）,21天为1周期.对照组78例,给予EP方案（足叶乙甙联合顺铂）,21天为1周期.均至少化疗2周期.结果：154例患者均可评价疗效和不良反应,观察组疗效明显优于对照组（47.4%Vs 25.6%,P＜0.05）,主要不良反应为白细胞下降、胃肠道反应,均较对照组轻,腹泻较对照组稍重,其他不良反应两组相似均可耐受.结论：吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期临床疗效较高,不良反应可以耐受.     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.