子宫内膜非典型增生行全子宫切除术159例临床分析

目的：探讨子宫内膜非典型增生（AEH）患者的临床特点及行全子宫切除术后病理升级为子宫内膜癌（EC）的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年12月159例因AEH于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科微创中心行全子宫切除术患者的临床资料,按照术后病理情况分为非EC组134例（84.3%）、EC组25例（15.7%）,分析其术后病理升级的高危因素。结果：与非EC组相比,EC组肥胖、绝经、异常子宫内膜血流信号及糖尿病的发生率差异具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖（OR=3.196,95%CI：1.147～8.902,P=0.026）及糖尿病（OR=3.866,95%CI：1.019～14.673,P=0.047）是AEH患者术后病理升级为EC的危险因素。结论：AEH患者并发EC的发生率较高,对于合并肥胖及糖尿病的患者更应引起重视,术前综合评估,制定个体化治疗方案。     

子宫内膜不典型增生术后病理升级为子宫内膜癌的危险因素分析

目的:研究子宫内膜不典型增生(AEH)术后病理升级为子宫内膜癌(EC)的相关危险因素。方法:选择2017年7月至2019年9月就诊于安徽医科大学第一附属医院门诊,经过诊断性刮宫明确为AEH并行全子宫切除术的166例患者为研究对象,并根据术后病理检查结果分为EC组(94例)和非EC组(72例)。分析患者术前与术后病理诊断的符合率、漏诊率及单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析AEH术后病理升级为EC的高危因素。结果:诊断性刮宫对AEH诊断的符合率为36.14%(60/166),对EC诊断的漏诊率为56.63%(94/166)。单因素分析结果示,EC组患者的发病年龄均值及年龄≥49.5岁、术前CA_(125)均值及CA_(125)升高、合并糖尿病的比例均显著高于非EC组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素二分类Logistic回归分析示,发病年龄≥49.5岁(OR 4.548,95%CI 2.246～9.210,P=0.000)、CA_(125)升高(OR 7.635,95%CI 2.326～25.060,P=0.001)为AEH术后病理升级为EC的独立危险因素,而合并糖尿病(OR 2.969,95%CI 0.557～15.822,P=0.202)不是AEH升级为EC的独立危险因素。结论:临床上应对年龄大于49.5岁及CA_(125)升高的AEH高危人群加强筛查,以期对EC达到早期诊治的目的。     

子宫内膜不典型增生患者的内膜癌漏诊因素分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜不典型增生患者子宫内膜癌漏诊的因素及合理治疗方案。方法:回顾分析132例子宫内膜不典型增生子宫切除前后的临床病理资料。根据术前内膜取样方式分为宫腔镜组与诊刮组,比较两种方式的诊断符合率。比较术前病理与术中冰冻病理、术后常规病理,分析其主要临床病理资料。结果:132子宫内膜不典型增生患者中,术后证实为子宫内膜癌者42例(31.82%)。诊刮组的内膜癌漏诊率为32.99%(32/97),高于宫腔镜组28.75%(10/35),但无统计学差异(P0.05)。42例内膜癌患者中,95.24%(40/42)为子宫内膜样腺癌,ⅠA期38例(90.48%),高分化癌34例(80.95%)。术中行冰冻病理检查者115例,其中11例子宫内膜癌漏诊。长期月经紊乱、未生育患者子宫内膜癌漏诊的风险增高。结论:子宫内膜病理诊断为不典型增生的患者有子宫内膜癌漏诊的风险,尤其是长期月经紊乱、未生育的女性。子宫内膜不典型增生的治疗应采取个体化治疗方案。     

绝经后子宫内膜息肉合并子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜癌高危因素分析

目的分析绝经后妇女子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyps,EMPs)发生恶变的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2001年4月至2009年12月北京大学人民医院妇产科收治的489例经宫腔镜病理确诊为EMPs的患者,依据病理类型分为良性组(471例)和非典型增生/恶性组(18例),比较两组患者的临床特征和子宫内膜息肉恶变的相关危险因素。结果绝经后子宫内膜息肉患者中,子宫内膜息肉合并不典型增生者11例(2.20%,11/489),子宫内膜息肉合并子宫内膜癌者7例(1.43%,7/489)。单因素分析的各临床因素中,绝经≥10年(OR=15.60,95%CI:2.05～118.57)和绝经后出血(OR=4.08,95%CI:1.31～12.70)是与子宫内膜癌前病变或子宫内膜癌相关的危险因素(P<0.05),而高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和子宫内膜息肉病史等因素比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绝经后子宫内膜息肉发生癌前病变和子宫内膜癌风险增加,绝经≥10年和有绝经后出血症状是发生癌前病变和癌的危险因素。     

分段诊刮诊断子宫内膜癌临床价值分析

目的 评价分段诊刮诊断子宫内膜癌的临床价值.方法 回顾分析2000年1月至2002年11月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的52例子宫内膜癌患者,比较分析患者术前的分段诊刮和术后子宫病理,判断肿瘤细胞分级的符合率.结果 以术后子宫病理为标准,所有患者均为子宫内膜腺癌,分段诊刮和术后子宫病理在G1子宫内膜癌符合率为20%,G2肿瘤符合率为61.5%,G3内膜癌符合率为77.8%.G2和G3肿瘤病理诊断符合率同G1肿瘤相比较,差异均有统计学意义(G2对G1,x2=6.6,P=0.010;G3对G1,x2=7.726,P=0.005).14例患者分段诊刮病理提示为"子宫内膜非典型增生",而术后子宫病理均诊断为"子宫内膜腺癌".分段诊刮诊断细胞分级的准确率仅有50%(26/52),根据术后病理报告,48%(24/50)左右的患者肿瘤分级升级.当内膜癌浸润≥1/2子宫肌层深度时,病理诊断苻合率(75.0%)显著高于侵入内膜层者(22.2%),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.735,P=0.030).结论 分段诊刮和术后子宫病理在G3>和≥1/2子宫肌层浸润子宫内膜癌患者保持较高的符合率.与术后病理比较,分段诊刮诊断子宫内膜癌肿瘤细胞组织学级别被降低.临床上应重视分段诊刮的内膜癌病理报告.     

子宫内膜癌患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的临床病理因素分析

目的:研究子宫内膜癌(EC)患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结(PALN)转移的相关临床病理因素。方法:回顾分析159例EC患者的临床病理资料,探讨PALN转移的危险因素。结果:肌层浸润(OR=2.094,95%CI为1.173~4.095,P=0.046)、分化程度(OR=6.662,95%CI为3.864~10.164,P0.001)及髂外淋巴结转移(OR=5.428,95%CI为2.759~8.854,P0.001)是子宫内膜癌PALN转移的独立危险因素。结论:临床上对于子宫内膜癌患者,应重视肌层浸润、分化程度及髂外淋巴结转移等因素,以对PALN转移进行合理评估。     

绝经后出血的高危因素及预测子宫内膜病变模型的建立

目的:分析绝经后出血(PMB)患者的病因及子宫内膜病变特点,利用子宫内膜病变的高危因素建立预测子宫内膜良性病变(EBL)和子宫内膜癌(EC)的模型。方法:选择2016年1月至2019年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院就诊的PMB患者328例为研究对象,分析PMB病因,对其中可疑子宫内膜病变行内膜病理检查的208例患者根据其病理检查结果分为正常子宫内膜组(NE组,35例)、EBL组(134例)和EC组(39例),比较不同的绝经年限(1～3年、3～5年、5～10年、≥10年)患者中EBL[子宫内膜息肉(EP)、子宫内膜增生不伴非典型增生(EH)、子宫内膜非典型增生(AEH)]和EC的发生率,并对NE组、EBL组和EC组患者子宫内膜超声影像学特点和高危因素进行分析,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)根据子宫内膜病变高危因素建立预测模型。结果:(1)328例PMB患者中老年性阴道炎所占比例最高(32.32%),其次EBL中的EH患者占17.68%,而EC患者占11.89%。(2)不同绝经年限组中EP、EC发生率比较,差异有统计学意义((印)P(正)<0.05),而EH、AEH发生率比较差异无统计学意义((印)P(正)>0.05),绝经1～3年组EP和EH的发生率最高(分别为25.68%、20.27%),绝经≥10年组AEH和EC的发生率最高(分别为19.57%、28.26%)。(3)超声影像学检查中NE组、EBL组及EC组的子宫内膜厚度均值及子宫内膜回声不均匀、内膜与肌层分界线不清晰、内膜血流分级(Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级)的比例随着病变严重程度均呈递增趋势((印)P(正)<0.05)。(4)3组患者在子宫内膜病变高危因素：不同的年龄、子宫内膜厚度、绝经年龄,及是否反复阴道流血、肥胖、糖尿病、服用他莫昔芬的比较,差异均有统计学意义((印)P(正)<0.05)。(5)高危因素预测模型对EBL(灵敏度85.3%,特异度67.8%,AUC=0.791)和EC(灵敏度89.7%,特异度72.3%,AUC=0.854)均有较好的预测价值。结论:PMB患者病因中以老年性阴道炎和EBL为主,但EC不容忽视,特别是伴有子宫内膜病变高危因素者。PMB患者不同子宫内膜病理类型超声影像学特点有差异,绝经≥10年组AEH和EC发生率最高,采用子宫内膜病变高危因素建立的模型对EBL和EC具有较好的预测价值,值得临床关注。     

采用不同子宫内膜取样器实施子宫内膜活检的诊断价值分析

目的探讨JUSO子宫内膜取样器和Pipelle子宫内膜取样器在诊断子宫内膜病变的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年6月至2016年2月间北京大学深圳医院妇科门诊需行子宫内膜活检患者210例,采用JUSO(JUSO组,117例)、Pipelle子宫内膜取样器(Pipelle组,93例)及诊断性刮宫(诊刮组)获取子宫内膜组织,比较不同取材手段的取材满意度、病理诊断性、医生操作时间和患者疼痛指数。结果 JUSO组取样器与其诊刮组取材满意度分别为86.32%(101/117)和91.45%(107/117)(P0.05),Pipelle组与其诊刮组分别为80.65%(75/93)和89.25%(83/93)(P0.05),两种取样器取材满意度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。JUSO组取样器与其诊刮组诊断正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜息肉、良性子宫内膜增生、子宫内膜癌及非典型增生的准确性比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),Pipelle组及其诊刮组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。JUSO组取样器与其诊刮组取材时间分别为(3.87±2.30)min和(10.04±4.98)min(P0.001),疼痛指数为3.67±2.04和6.86±2.38(P0.001);Pipelle组取样器与其诊刮组的取材时间为(3.54±2.3)min和(9.84±4.57)min(P0.001),疼痛指数为2.24±1.86和6.35±2.69(P0.001)。两种子宫内膜取样器取材时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),JUSO子宫内膜取样的患者疼痛指数高于Pipelle子宫内膜取样器(P0.05)。结论 JUSO子宫内膜取样器和Pipelle子宫内膜取样器进行子宫内膜取材用于病理学检查的临床应用中优于诊刮。     

人附睾蛋白4在子宫内膜非典型增生患者中筛查子宫内膜癌的临床价值

目的：探讨人附睾蛋白4（human epididymis protein 4,HE4）检测在诊断性刮宫（诊刮）病理为子宫内膜非典型增生（atypical endometrial hyperplasia,AEH）患者中筛查子宫内膜癌（endometrial carcinoma,EC）的临床价值。方法：选取2011年1月—2014年12月在天津市中心妇产科医院诊刮病理为AEH进而行手术治疗的患者,术前采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测患者血清HE4、CA125和CA199水平,根据术后病理分为EC组和AEH组,分析2组患者肿瘤标记物的水平差异。制作受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,以曲线下面积（AUC）反映肿瘤标记物的诊断价值。结果：入选的118例诊刮病理为AEH的患者中,31例术后被诊断为EC（EC组）,其血清HE4、CA125和CA199水平分别为73.4 pmol/L、31.4 kU/L和23.3 kU/L;87例术后诊断仍为AEH（AEH组）,上述3种肿瘤标记物的水平分别为44.3 pmol/L、17.0 kU/L和19.0 kU/L;EC组HE4和CA125水平高于AEH组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而CA199水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。EC组以AEH组为参照时,HE4和CA125单独检测的AUC分别为0.785和0.706,两者联合检测的AUC为0.867,敏感度为76.6%。结论：EC患者血清HE4和CA125水平明显高于AEH患者,两者联合检测有助于筛查出诊刮病理为AEH人群中漏诊的EC患者。     

高分化子宫内膜样癌及子宫内膜重度不典型增生患者孕激素治疗的临床分析

目的探讨35岁以下高分化子宫内膜样癌及子宫内膜重度不典型增生患者采用孕激素治疗以保留患者子宫的疗效,并随访其治疗后的生育情况.方法采用回顾性分析的方法对1991年至2005年北京协和医院收治的35岁以下、接受孕激素治疗（以醋酸甲羟孕酮为主）的25例高分化子宫内膜样癌及子宫内膜重度不典型增生患者的临床病理资料进行研究.其中,子宫内膜样癌8例（内膜癌组）,子宫内膜重度不典型增生17例（不典型增生组）.孕激素治疗前对患者进行全面的分期评估,治疗后每1～6个月诊刮以评价疗效,对有生育要求者随访其生育情况.结果内膜癌组患者孕激素治疗前经全面的分期评估,证实为早期、高分化子宫内膜样癌.除1例子宫内膜样癌患者尚未评估疗效外,内膜癌组其他7例及不典型增生组17例患者治疗后有效者分别为6例（6/7）、17例（100%）;缓解者分别为5例（5/7）、14例（82%）;缓解后复发者分别为1例（1/5）、3例（21%）,复发时间为缓解后6～30个月;随访缓解后要求生育的14例患者中,内膜癌组4例患者尚未生育,不典型增生组10例患者中4例妊娠共7次.1例自然受孕后失访;3例经促排卵治疗后受孕并足月分娩,其中1例产后人工流产3次.结论对于要求保留子宫的高分化子宫内膜样癌及子宫内膜重度不典型增生的年轻患者,孕激素治疗是一种治疗选择.孕激素治疗前应对子宫内膜样癌患者进行详细全面的分期评估,辅助生殖措施的介入有望提高治疗后的妊娠率.     

细胞学联合组织学在子宫内膜病变无创筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨联合应用组织学及细胞学的方法筛查子宫内膜病变的临床应用价值。方法:选取62例有异常阴道出血或B超提示子宫内膜异常需行诊断性刮宫的妇女,术前使用一种特制的带有负压吸引装置的子宫内膜取样器进行宫腔细胞学采样,将细胞学及无创组织学的结果与诊断性刮宫后病理结果比较,分析其取材满意度、诊断符合率、出血量及疼痛程度。结果:子宫内膜取样器取材满意率为98.4%,细胞学诊断的敏感性、特异性及符合率分别达到83.3%、93.9%和91.8%;子宫内膜取样器中组织物获得率91.9%,通过取样器获得组织学的患者与其细胞学联合,诊断敏感性、特异性及准确率达到84.6%、95.8%和93.4%。子宫内膜取样器取材操作中出血量平均为(1.2±0.9)ml;诊断性刮宫取材满意率为100%,出血量平均为(6.3±8.3)ml。结论:可通过子宫内膜取样器获得子宫内膜的宫腔细胞学及组织学标本,从而做到简单、安全、可靠地筛查子宫内膜病变。     

Endometrial cancer following endometrial resection

Endometrial ablation has emerged as a viable alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of medically intractable dysfunctional uterine bleeding. However, this procedure cannot guarantee complete removal of the entire endometrium. Cases of endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation have been reported in the literature. We reviewed the cases of patients who underwent hysteroscopic endometrial ablation by endometrial resection for abnormal uterine bleeding from 1994 to 2005 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polyclinique, Clermont-Ferrand University. Of the 3769 patients having had hysteroresections, four developed endometrial cancer after complete endometrial ablation (1.06 out of 1000). All four of these patients showed histological evidence of endometrial polyps at endometrial resection, and all of them presented risk factors for endometrial carcinoma, such as obesity and/or arterial hypertension. Endometrial cancer after hysteroscopic endometrial ablation is a rare but possible occurrence, even a long time after the operation. Close monitoring of patients who have undergone endometrial ablation for endometrial polyps and who present risk factors, such as obesity or hypertension, even after apparent total ablation of the endometrium is strongly recommended, independently of the presence of abnormal bleeding that can represent a late symptom of advanced endometrial cancer.     

Concurrent endometrial carcinoma following hysterectomy for atypical endometrial hyperplasia

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of concurrent endometrial carcinoma in women diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) by endometrial biopsy.

Study design

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 126 patients who underwent hysterectomies for AEH diagnosed by endometrial biopsy from 1999 to 2008. AEH was initially diagnosed by dilatation and curettage (98 cases) or endometrial biopsy with a Z-sampler (24 cases). The remaining four cases were diagnosed by hysteroscopic polypectomy. The results of the endometrial biopsies were graded on an ordinal scale and were compared with pathologic features obtained at the hysterectomy.

Results

In patients preoperatively diagnosed with AEH by biopsy, hysterectomy specimens revealed a rate of simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia of 27% with AEH and normal proliferative phases found in 54.7 and 7.9% of specimens, respectively. The incidence of endometrial carcinoma was considerably high (13/126, 10.3%). Eleven of 13 cases were confined to the endometrium and the remaining two were located at the adenomyosis without myometrial invasion. All patients with endometrial carcinoma displayed coexisting atypical complex hyperplasia following hysterectomy.

Conclusions

Biopsy specimens showing AEH, particularly atypical complex hyperplasia, are associated with a risk of coexisting endometrial carcinoma. When considering management strategies for women with a biopsy diagnosis of AEH, clinicians should take into account the considerable rate of concurrent endometrial cancer and the discrepancy with pathologic diagnosis. Treatment modalities may differ depending on population as the rates of concurrent endometrial cancer with AEH and myometrial invasion vary by geographical location.     

The impact of combined endometrial thickness and pattern on the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of combined endometrial thickness and pattern on the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.Study designProspective cohort clinical study.PatientsOne hundred infertile women attending the Egyptian International Fertility/IVF center in Egypt for performing ICSI.MethodsThe long protocol of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was used. Endometrial thickness and pattern were recorded on the day of HCG administration. In the combined analysis, endometrial thickness groups (4–6.9 mm, 7–9.9 mm, 10–12.9 mm and 13–15 mm) were subdivided into 3 endometrial patterns (trilaminar, intermediate and echogenic). Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was calculated in different groups.ResultsOverall CPR was 62%. Endometrial thickness of 10–12.9 mm showed, however non-significantly, higher CPR in comparison with other thickness groups (73.91% versus 0% for the 4–6.9 mm group, 43.75% for the 7–9.9 mm group and 61.76% for the 13–15 mm group, p: 0.115). Trilaminar pattern showed the highest incidence of pregnancy compared to the other patterns with a non-significantly statistical difference (69% versus 50% and 38.4%, p: 0.06). Analyzing CPR with different endometrial patterns in each endometrial thickness group revealed that trilaminar pattern with an endometrial thickness of 10–12.9 mm gives significantly higher CPR in comparison with other groups (56.5%, p: 0.043).ConclusionEndometrial thickness of 10–12.9 mm with trilaminar pattern is associated with higher CPR with ICSI cycles.     

子宫内膜非典型增生79例临床病理特征分析

目的 分析子宫内膜非典型增生患者的临床病理特征.方法 选择2007年3月至2010年7月北京大学人民医院收治的诊断为子宫内膜非典型增生患者79例,其中49例(62%)为单纯子宫内膜非典型增生(增生组),30例(38%)为子宫内膜非典型增生合并癌变(癌变组).回顾性分析子宫内膜非典型增生患者的临床病理特征[包括年龄、孕产次、体质指数(BMI)、绝经及阴道流血情况、合并症、B超检查等],并对两组患者进行比较.分析了分段诊刮及宫腔镜检查在子宫内膜非典型增生诊断中的价值.结果 (1)年龄:患者平均年龄为(50±11)岁,其中癌变组为(51±11)岁,增生组为(50±10)岁,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.994).(2)孕产次:两组患者孕产次分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)合并症:增生组和癌变组有合并症的患者分别为23例(47%)和13例(43%),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.755).(4)BMI:癌变组明显高于增生组[分别为(27.9±5.4)和(25.2±2.9)kg/m2,P=0.024].(5)绝经及阴道流血情况:绝经后患者癌变组为50%(15/30),增生组为31%(15/49),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.085);绝经后阴道流血患者癌变组为13/15,增生组为8/15,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.109);未绝经有月经改变患者癌变组为12/15,增生组为68%(23/34),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.590).(6)B超检查:癌变组阳性(指官腔有回声团)率明显高于增生组[分别为73%(22/30)和51%(25/49),P=0.050].(7)分段诊刮和官腔镜检查的诊断价值:行分段诊刮活检患者23例(29%)、宫腔镜活检44例(56%),两者对非典型增生的初次诊断率分别为87%(21/23)和93%(41/44),对非典型增生伴癌变的初次诊断率分别为6/12和12/16,诊断为非典型增生的患者中癌变的漏诊率分别为6/13和19%(4/21),分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于围绝经期异常阴道流血患者,应积极进行分段诊刮及官腔镜检查,分段诊刮或官腔镜活检诊断为子宫内膜非典型增生患者中,若其BMI较高或B超提示官腔有回声团,应警惕合并子宫内膜癌的可能.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics in atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients. Methods A retrospective study was carry out on 79 cases with atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients admitted to Department of Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital from Mar.2007 to Jul. 2010. All patients were divided into two groups, hyperplasia group (merely atypical endometrial hyperplasia, 49 cases, 62%) and cancerization group (atypical endometrial hyperplasia accompanying endometrial carcinoma, 30 cases, 38%). Results The mean age of 79 cases were (50 ± 11) years old ,while they were (50 ± 10) and (51 ± 11) years old for hyperplasia group and cancerization group, there were not difference (P = 0.994). The gravidity and delivery frequencies were also not differently between two groups. The rates of complicated other diseases were 47% (23/49) and 43% (13/30), which was not significantly different (P = 0.755). The body mass index (BMI) of cancerization group was higher than that of hyperplasia group [(27.9 ± 5.4) vs. (25.2 ± 2.9) kg/m2, P = 0.024]. There were 50% (15/30) and 31% (15/49) menopause cases in two groups, respectively. Among them there were 13/15 and 8/15 cases showed vaginal bleeding. Among premenopausal patients, there were 12/15 and 68% (23/34) showed abnormal vaginal bleeding, but there were not significantly different between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05). The uterine cavity mass found by ultrasonography in the cancerization group patients was more than that in hyperplasia group [73% (22/30) vs. 51% (25/49), P = 0.050]. There were 23 cases (29%), 44 cases (56%) and 12 cases (15%) were diagnosed by dilatation and curettage (D&G), hysteroscopy and hysterectomy, respectively. The rates of diagnosing atypical endometrial hyperplasia by D&G and hysteroscopy were 87 % (21/23) and 93 % (41/44), respectively. The rate of diagnosis of canceration were 6/12 and 12/16, respectively. While, the rate of missed diagnosis of canceration in the atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients by D&G and hysteroscopy were 6/13 and 19% (4/21) ,respectively. Which all did not shown significantly different (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Hysteroseopy or D&G should be chosen on those peri-menopausal patients with abnormal bleeding, while those atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients with high BMI and uterine cavity mass diagnosed with D&G and ultrasonography should consider the possibility of canceration.     

Endometrial hyperplasia - the dilemma of management remains: a retrospective observational study of 280 women

Objective

To quantify the rate of inconsistency in histopathological reporting between endometrial biopsy specimens (obtained by Pipelle^® endometrial sampler or curettage) and hysterectomy specimens using the World Health Organization classification criteria.

Study design

A retrospective review of the records of 280 women with a histopathological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia treated in Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, UK from 1 January 1998 to 31 May 2009.

Results

Discrepancy was found between the histopathological results of endometrial samples and hysterectomy specimens. The discrepancy was doubled for specimens obtained using a Pipelle^® endometrial sampler, with false-positive (i.e. overdiagnosis when the hysterectomy specimen showed a better diagnosis) and false-negative (i.e. underdiagnosis when the hysterectomy specimen showed a worse diagnosis) rates of 5.3% and 22.6%, respectively. For curettage specimens, the false-positive and false-negative rates were 1.8% and 13.2%, respectively. All cases of curettage were performed under general or regional anaesthesia, and were preceded by hysteroscopy. Apart from age, no risk factors were associated with a worse diagnosis. The association of age differed between types of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer; the strongest association was seen for cancer and the weakest association was seen for simple hyperplasia.

Conclusion

Hysteroscopy and curettage may be considered when simple or complex hyperplasia is diagnosed from a specimen obtained with a Pipelle^® endometrial sampler. When a diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia is made, irrespective of the method of endometrial sampling, the gynaecologist must be concerned that endometrial carcinoma exists concomitantly within the uterus.     

血管生成在子宫内膜癌发生发展中的作用

目的探索血管生成在子宫内膜癌发生发展中的作用。方法以Ⅷ因子相关抗原为标志物,采用免疫组化方法对正常内膜、增生过长及内膜癌病人子宫标本的血管含量进行测量。结果从正常子宫内膜、增生过长到内膜癌组织内微血管密度(MVD)逐渐增多(P＜0.01)。子宫内膜癌组织中MVD与临床期别、肌层浸润深度及组织分级有关。结论子宫内膜增生过长组织中血管生成增多,MVD与子宫内膜癌临床预后有关。     

Risk Factors for Unsuccessful Office-Based Endometrial Biopsy: A Comparative Study of Office-Based Endometrial Biopsy (Pipelle) and Diagnostic Dilation and Curettage

Study Objective

To determine the risk factors for Pipelle diagnostic failure, which might help healthcare providers choose the appropriate protocol for endometrial evaluation individually.

Endometrial stromal lesions: a morphological and immunohistochemical study of short series

Background Endometrial stromal tumours are rare and constitute less than 5% of uterine tumours. This study presents our experience of endometrial stromal tumours and their immunohistochemical profile. Methods All cases reported as endometrial stromal tumors from January 2001 to December 2004 were extracted from the files of pathology department. Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reviewed and immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, desmin and cytokeratin was done in all cases. Results In all five cases of endometrial stromal tumors were retrieved from the records and constituted 0.3% of endometrial neoplasms. One case was diagnosed as endometrial stromal nodule and four cases were diagnosed as low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Four out of five cases were confined to the uterine corpus. Only one case showed spread to the cervix and the fallopian tube. All tumors were negative for desmin and cytokeratin and showed only focal vimentin postivity. Conclusions The diagnosis rests on morphological features mainly while immunohistochemical profile of these tumours is rather inconsistent.