甲状腺全切除术治疗双侧结节性甲状腺肿的临床效果

目的探讨甲状腺全切除术诊治双侧结节性甲状腺肿的临床意义。方法接受双侧结节性甲状腺肿治疗的患者75例,依照不同的手术方式将其分为甲状腺次全切除组38例,甲状腺全切除组37例,对2组患者手术情况及术后并发症、复发率进行比较。结果全切除组手术时间(130.23±45.26)min,明显长于次全切除组的(104.63±20.50)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);全切除组的住院时间(7.5±2.5)天,与次全切除组的(6.8±2.3)天比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。次全切除组患者复发率21.05%,显著高于全切除组患者0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在双侧结节性甲状腺肿的手术治疗中,甲状腺全切除手术更具有优势,疗效显著,结节复发率低,也不会增加术后并发症的发生率,是一种临床上值得推广的治疗双侧结节性甲状腺肿的手术方式。     

甲状腺单发肿瘤腺叶切除手术的效果及安全性

目的比较甲状腺腺叶次全切除术与甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗甲状腺单发肿瘤的临床效果。方法选择2012年7月至2014年6月间收治的甲状腺单发肿瘤患者78例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组39例。对照组患者应用甲状腺腺叶次全切除术,治疗组患者采用甲状腺腺叶切除术,观察两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、引流时间和术后引流量以及术后并发症。随访6个月,观察术后甲状腺激素恢复时间。结果治疗组患者术中出血量和手术时间分别为(82.41±7.93)ml和(119.86±13.50)min,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率为10.3%(4/39),低于对照组的25.6%(10/39),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后甲状腺激素恢复时间为(142.71±11.84)d,低于对照组的(169.53±12.65)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗甲状腺单发肿瘤术中出血量少,手术时间短,且术后并发症显著降低,术后甲状腺激素恢复较快,安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

传统甲状腺切除术与小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺癌的临床对比研究

目的比较传统甲状腺切除术与小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺癌的临床效果。方法选取2007年1月至2012年3月期间收治的80例甲状腺癌患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者行传统甲状腺切除术,观察组患者行小切口甲状腺切除术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺癌具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、切口小、住院时间短以及术后并发症少等优点,尤其是切口小,外形美观,患者满意度高,值得临床推广应用。     

甲状腺全切治疗分化型甲状腺癌的临床意义和并发症分析

目的：探讨甲状腺全切除术治疗分化型甲状腺癌的临床意义及相关风险.方法：对2007年1月至2011年6月我院行甲状腺全切术及甲状腺次全切或近全切患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,92例患者实施甲状腺全切手术为全切组;86例患者实施次全切或近全切术为双叶组,20例患者复发后二次手术行全切术为复发组,分析患者术后甲状旁腺功能和喉返神经损伤情况.结果：甲状腺全切组术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率明显高于双叶组（P＜0.05）,而复发组则明显高于全切组（P＜0.05）;甲状腺全切组术后喉返神经损伤发生率则与另外两组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.全切组中有腺体外侵犯组的甲状旁腺功能减退及喉返神经损伤发生率明显高于无腺体外侵犯组（P＜0.05）,而根治性颈清组并发症发生率与中央区颈清组无显著统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论：甲状腺全切除术增加甲状旁腺功能减退发生率,而不增加喉返神经损伤的发生率;复发二次手术会增加甲状旁腺功能减退的发生,对喉返神经损伤的发生无显著影响;存在腺体外侵是增加并发症的危险因素,而是否行根治性颈清术不增加并发症的发生.因此在临床工作中应该有选择的施行甲状腺全切除手术.     

甲状腺全切除术在分化型甲状腺癌外科治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨甲状腺全切除术在甲状腺癌外科治疗中的应用价值.方法 对60例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结,其中采用甲状腺全切除术的患者48例,采用甲状腺次全切除术的患者12例.结果 48例进行甲状腺全切除术的患者术后发生低钙及声嘶5例(10.42％),1年间甲状腺癌复发1例(2.08％);12例采用甲状腺次全切除术的患者术后发生低钙及声嘶6例(50.00％),1年间甲状腺癌复发5例(41.67％).采用甲状腺次全切除术治疗的患者更易出现术后并发症(P =0.042),且1年间甲状腺癌的复发率更高.结论 甲状腺全切除术是治疗分化型甲状腺癌的一种有效方式,但采用甲状腺全切除术对患者进行治疗时要预防并发症的发生.     

不同术式治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的疗效及并发症对比

目的 对比不同术式治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的疗效及并发症发生率.方法 将60例子宫内膜癌患者按照随机原则分为观察组和对照组,各30例.对照组采用广泛性全子宫切除术,观察组采用全子宫加双侧附件切除术.比较2组手术基本情况(手术时间及术中出血量)、术后并发症发生率及术后5年生存率.结果 观察组患者平均手术时间与术中出血量分别为(66.35±13.62) min与(153.32±24.05) ml,对照组分别为(123.52±25.74) min与(683.41±58.36)ml,组间比较观察组手术时间较对照组显著缩短,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组术后共出现尿潴留与泌尿系感染各2例,并发症发生率为13.3％;对照组术后共出现尿潴留4例,泌尿系感染5例,淋巴囊肿2例,发生率36.7％.对照组并发症发生率高于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组术后1年、3年、5年时的生存率为100.0％、96.7％与93.3％,对照组分别为96.7％、90.0％、90.0％.2组术后1年、3年、5年生存率未见统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 全子宫加双附件切除术获得与广泛性子宫切除术相当的手术疗效,且手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后并发症发生率低,可作为Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的首选术式.     

甲状腺全切除术对甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者术后PTH的影响

目的 探讨甲状腺全除切术对甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者术后甲状旁腺激素(PTH)的影响.方法 选取467例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,其中单纯甲状腺乳头状癌患者332例(对照组),甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者135例(观察组).对两组患者进行手术治疗,观察并比较两组患者术后PTH和血钙水平.结果 术后7天,观察组患者的PTH和血钙水平分别为(1.28±0.32)pmol/L和(2.21±0.32)mmol/L,分别低于对照组的(2.57±0.44)pmol/L和(2.48±0.40)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);术后观察组患者甲状旁腺功能减退、低血钙和水肿的发生率分别为60.74%、46.67%和31.85%,高于对照组的28.01%、18.07%和18.98%,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).观察组患者的术后引流量为(78.20±14.29)ml,高于对照组的(32.02±10.03)ml,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).观察组中行甲状腺全切除术的患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙的发生率均为15.56%,均低于行甲状腺全切除术+中央区淋巴结清扫和甲状腺全切除术+中央区及侧颈淋巴结清扫的患者(P﹤0.05).结论 与单纯甲状腺乳头状癌患者相比,伴桥本甲状腺炎的甲状腺乳头状癌患者行甲状腺全切除术后发生甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙的比例高,且手术方式对术后甲状旁腺功能减退和低血钙的发生有影响.     

快速康复理念在甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术围手术期中的应用效果分析

目的 分析快速康复理念在甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术围手术期中的应用效果。方法 将790例甲状腺癌患者依据干预方案的不同分为干预组（403例,术后常规治疗+快速康复理念治疗）和对照组（387例,术后常规治疗）。比较两组患者手术相关指标、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、术后并发症发生情况及干预满意度。结果 干预组患者术后排气时间、下床活动时间、恢复时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。术后1、3、7天,两组患者VAS评分均降低,且干预组患者VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。干预组患者术后并发症总发生率明显低于对照组,总满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论 快速康复理念在甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术围手术期中的应用效果显著,能有效缩短患者恢复时间,降低并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜广泛子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫颈癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨经腹腔镜广泛子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫颈癌的效果.方法 将入组患者随机分2组,分别行经腹腔镜广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结切除术、开腹广泛全子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术,比较2组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量;观察2组患者术中、术后的并发症,计算其发生率;比较2组患者术后情况,包括术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、镇痛时间、总体费用.结果 腹腔镜组手术时间较开腹组延长,切口长度、术中出血量与开腹组比较减少,手术成功率较开腹组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);腹腔镜组术中、术后并发症的发生率均低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后镇痛时间、抗生素使用时间与开腹组比较明显缩短,术后疼痛评分较开腹组减轻,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在总体费用上2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 采用腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗宫颈癌能够缩小手术切口,减少术中出血量,缩短术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后镇痛时间,降低术中、术后并发症的发生率,安全有效.     

低位小切口切除术治疗甲状腺瘤的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨低位小切口切除术治疗甲状腺瘤的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将150例甲状腺瘤患者根据随机数字法分为对照组(传统手术切除术)和观察组(低位小切口切除术),每组各75例,比较2组术中、术后情况,以及并发症发生情况.结果 与对照组相比,观察组切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量均明显减少,P＜0.05;与对照组相比,观察组术后48 h引流量、住院时间均明显减少,美观评分明显增高,P＜0.05.与对照组相比,观察组颈区感觉异常、疼痛,切口粘连,皮下结节,吞咽不便等并发症发生率均显著降低,P ＜0.05.结论 低位小切口切除术治疗甲状腺瘤具有疗效显著、恢复快、并发症少、安全性高等特点,值得临床推广.     

Complications of Completion Versus Total Thyroidectomy

Introduction : The objective of this study was to analyze the complication rates after completion thyroidectomyand compare them with primary total benign and malign thyroidectomy causes in total of 647 patients. Patientsand Methods: Among 647 patients, there were 159 receiving completion thyroidectomy for differentiatedthyroiud cancer (DTC) (Group 1); 217 patients receiving total thyroidectomy for DTC (Group 2) and 271 giventotal thyroidectomy for benign diseases (Group 3). Results: When groups were compared for complications,there were no significant difference except temporary hypocalcemia between completion thyroidectomy andtotal thyroidectomy for DTC. When the total thyroidectomies were compared (Group 2 and 3), there were nosignificant difference observed except unilateral temporary RLN palsy. Conclusion: With improvements insurgical technique and experience, complication rates of thyroidectomy performed for benign or malign diseasesare reduced. In spite of the improvement in surgical experience, temporary RLN palsy and hypoparathyroidismare the main complications in completion thyroidectomies which need special attention. To evaluate the patientsmore carefully in preoperative period and performing adequate thyroidectomy appears more logical.     

纳米碳甲状旁腺负显影技术在甲状腺癌根治术中的应用

[目的]研究纳米碳甲状旁腺负显影技术在甲状腺癌根治术中的应用.[方法]分析118例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,随机分为研究组(60例)和对照组(58例),研究组术中注射纳米碳混悬液.对两组患者的血钙、甲状旁腺素水平进行比较分析.[结果]研究组甲状旁腺误切率为1.7％,对照组为5.2％(P=-0.587);一过性低钙血症发生率分别为3.3％和15.5％(P=-0.023);永久性低钙血症发生率分别为0和1.7％(P=0.492);PTH暂时性减低发生率分别为3.3％和12.0％(P=0.140);PTH永久性减低发生率分别为0和1.7％低(P=0.492).[结论]纳米碳甲状旁腺负显影技术在甲状腺癌根治术尤其双侧甲状腺全切除术中可有效保护甲状旁腺.     

胸乳腔镜下甲状腺癌切除术与传统手术临床治疗效果对比分析

目的：对比分析胸乳腔镜下甲状腺癌切除术与传统手术的临床治疗效果。方法将84例甲状腺癌患者随机分为对照组与试验组。对照组采用传统手术,试验组采用胸乳腔镜术,对比分析2组患者临床治疗效果。结果与对照组相比,试验组手术时间较长,但术中出血量、术后引流量、插管时间以及住院时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。试验组与对照组相比,术后并发症的发生率上差异不具统计学意义（P＞0．05）。试验组患者术后的满意度评分较好,尤其7～10分患者比例数显著高于对照组;术后3个月以及术后6个月2组患者的NSS评分差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论胸乳腔镜下甲状腺癌切除术的临床效果显著,可广泛推广于临床。     

结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌的关系以及甲状腺切除术后复发的原因

目的 探讨结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌的关系以及甲状腺切除术后复发的原因.方法 选择甲状腺结节患者,一共260例,回顾性分析患者术后复发有关的因素.结果 良性结节性甲状腺肿235例,伴有乳头状增生35例,占14.89％;伴有非典型增生30例,占12.77％,伴有癌变均为微小癌5例,占2.13％.甲状腺癌25例,其中乳头状癌15例,占甲状腺癌60％;滤泡癌5例,占20％;髓样癌1例,占4％,未分化癌4例,占16％.甲状腺癌周围组织伴有结节性甲状腺肿病变为20例,占甲状腺癌的80％.随访期间复发病例一共20例,占7.69％.肿瘤大小、手术方式、病理类型、是否行淋巴结清扫与术后复发具有显著相关性.影响手术预后情况的独立因素包括肿瘤最大直径>4 cm、手术方式为单侧腺叶加峡部切除、病理类型为未分化癌、未作淋巴结清扫.结论 结节性甲状腺肿是甲状腺癌的癌前病变,甲状腺切除术后患者复发的危险因素广泛而复杂.     

Extended Surgical Implication of Tubercle of Zuckerkandl in Total Thyroidectomy

The primary objective of the study was to assess the Tubercle of zuckerkandl (TZ) during thyroid surgeries and its relationship with RLN and Superior parathyroid (SP). A prospective study was done in, 30 consecutive cases of total thyroidectomy in whom per operatively TZ was identified. The presence of TZ, its laterality, size, relationship with RLN and parathyroid glands were documented. A grading system outlined by Pelizzo was applied in our current study. In majority of the cases the RLN was found to lie medial to TZ (26/30), followed by lateral position (3/30) and one case it was found to be posterior to TZ (1/30). The superior parathyroid was identified in close relation (< 2 cm) to the TZ in 27/30 cases. The distance between the TZ and SP was assessed. We proposed a classification for location of SP based on the distance between SP and TZ and also attempted to relate each class of SP location with TZ grade. There was strong association of Grade of TZ with the class of SP location (p value = 0.00046). TZ is constant surgical landmark with good reliability to identify the RLN and SP. RLN is found medial to TZ in majority of cases with few exceptions. SP is found to be closely associated with TZ in majority of cases and there is a strong relationship of proximity of SP and TZ with respect to TZ grade. Although this required further studies with larger population.     

Natural Orifice Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via Transoral Vestibular Approach (TOVA): Single Surgeon Experience from North India

The transoral vestibular approach (TOVA) is the shortest route for endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) to approach the thyroid and is a totally scar free procedure, hence it has a clear cosmetic advantage not only over conventional open thyroid surgery but also over other remote access approaches for ET like axilla, breast and chest wall approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and our initial outcomes of TOVA and highlight the advantages of 3D endoscopic equipment in remote access thyroid surgery. We reviewed our prospectively maintained database who underwent ET. 42 patients who fulfilled the stringent inclusion criteria were offered TOVA. We have used novel Trans-vestibular approach with 3D technology for endoscopic thyroid surgery in all cases. Clinico-demographic profile, investigations, operative details, histopathology and postoperative complications and follow-up data were analyzed by using statistical analysis with SPSS19.00 version. Out of 203 ET operated during study period, 42 (20.69%) patients were operated through TOVA. Hemithyroidectomy were performed in all the patients. There were 3 men and 39 women (M:F = 1:13). Mean tumor size was 3.54 ± 1.17 cm. All patients were euthyroid. All patient had cytological diagnosis of Bethesda category II-IV and all underwent hemithyroidectomy. Mean operation time was 107.71 ± 17.60 min and post-operative length of hospital stay was 2.90 ± 1.28 days. Besides magnification, 3D endoscopy provided excellent depth perception which helped in precise dissection in the restricted space and aided in identification and preservation of the two most vital structures i.e. recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. As most of our patients present with larger goitres, not many patients desirous of ET can be offered TOVA. This novel TOVA has fairly stringent inclusion criteria, however it is the only approach which offers completely scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy and should be offered to eligible patients desirous of ET.     

Role of Postoperative Vitamin D and/or Calcium Routine Supplementation in Preventing Hypocalcemia After Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background.

Transient hypocalcemia is a frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. Routine postoperative administration of vitamin D and calcium can reduce the incidence of symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemia. We performed a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of this intervention. The primary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of routine postoperative oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation in preventing symptomatic post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. The second aim was to draw clear guidelines regarding prophylactic calcium and/or vitamin D therapy for patients after thyroidectomy.

Methods.

We identified randomized controlled trials comparing the administration of vitamin D or its metabolites to calcium or no treatment in adult patients after thyroidectomy. The search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge databases. Patients with a history of previous neck surgery, calcium supplementation, or renal impairment were excluded.

Results.

Nine studies with 2,285 patients were included: 22 in the vitamin D group, 580 in the calcium group, 792 in the vitamin D and calcium group, and 891 in the no intervention group, with symptomatic hypocalcemia incidences of 4.6%, 14%, 14%, and 20.5%, respectively. Subcomparisons demonstrated that the incidences of postoperative hypocalcemia were 10.1% versus 18.8% for calcium versus no intervention and 6.8% versus 25.9% for vitamin D and calcium versus no intervention. The studies showed a significant range of variability in patients'' characteristics.

Conclusions.

A significant decrease in postoperative hypocalcemia was identified in patients who received routine supplementation of oral calcium or vitamin D. The incidence decreased even more with the combined administration of both supplements. Based on this analysis, we recommend oral calcium for all patients following thyroidectomy, with the addition of vitamin D for high-risk individuals.