共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 36 毫秒
1.
Brett Froeliger Rachel V. Kozink Jed E. Rose Frederique M. Behm Alfred N. Salley F. Joseph McClernon 《Psychopharmacology》2010,210(4):577-583
Rationale
Compared to nonsmokers, smokers exhibit a number of potentially important differences in regional brain structure including reduced gray matter (GM) volume and/or density in areas including frontal and cingulate cortices, thalamus, and insula. However, associations between brain structure and smoking cessation treatment outcomes have not been reported. 相似文献2.
Severity of nicotine dependence modulates cue-induced brain activity in regions involved in motor preparation and imagery 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Smolka MN Bühler M Klein S Zimmermann U Mann K Heinz A Braus DF 《Psychopharmacology》2006,184(3-4):577-588
Rationale
In nicotine-dependent subjects, cues related to smoking elicit activity in brain regions linked to attention, memory, emotion and motivation. Cue-induced brain activation is associated with self-reported craving but further correlates are widely unknown.Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate whether brain activity elicited by smoking cues increases with severity of nicotine dependence and intensity of cue-elicited craving.Methods
Ten healthy male smokers whose degree of nicotine dependence ranged from absent to severe were investigated. Visual smoking cues and neutral stimuli were presented in a block design during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using multiple linear regression analysis, the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to smoking cues was correlated with severity of nicotine dependence assessed with the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and with cue-induced craving.Results
Significant positive correlations between the BOLD activity and FTND scores were found in brain areas related to visuospatial attention (anterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus and cuneus) and in regions involved in motor preparation and imagery (primary and premotor cortex, supplementary motor area). Intensity of cue-induced craving was significantly associated with greater BOLD activation in mesocorticolimbic areas engaged in incentive motivation and in brain regions related to episodic memory.Conclusions
Our study suggests that severity of nicotine dependence and intensity of craving are independently associated with cue-induced brain activation in separate neuronal networks. The observed association between severity of dependence and brain activity in regions involved in allocation of attention, motor preparation and imagery might reflect preparation of automated drug taking behavior thereby facilitating cue-induced relapse. 相似文献3.
Background
Brain dysfunction in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal striatum (DS) contributes to habitual drug use. These regions are constituents of brain networks thought to be involved in drug addiction. To investigate whether networks containing these regions differ between nicotine dependent female smokers and age-matched female non-smokers, we employed functional MRI (fMRI) at rest.Methods
Data were processed with independent component analysis (ICA) to identify resting state networks (RSNs). We identified a subcortical limbic network and three discrete PFC networks: a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) network and right and left lateralized fronto-parietal networks common to all subjects. We then compared these RSNs between smokers and non-smokers using a dual regression approach.Results
Smokers had greater coupling versus non-smokers between left fronto-parietal and mPFC networks. Smokers with the greatest mPFC–left fronto-parietal coupling had the most DS smoking cue reactivity as measured during an fMRI smoking cue reactivity paradigm. This may be important because the DS plays a critical role in maintaining drug-cue associations. Furthermore, subcortical limbic network amplitude was greater in smokers.Conclusions
Our results suggest that prefrontal brain networks are more strongly coupled in smokers, which could facilitate drug-cue responding. Our data also are the first to document greater reward-related network fMRI amplitude in smokers. Our findings suggest that resting state PFC network interactions and limbic network amplitude can differentiate nicotine-dependent smokers from controls, and may serve as biomarkers for nicotine dependence severity and treatment efficacy. 相似文献4.
Adriana Galván Tom Schonberg Jeanette Mumford Milky Kohno Russell A. Poldrack Edythe D. London 《Psychopharmacology》2013,229(2):345-355
Rationale
Despite a national reduction in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, ~19 % of the adult US population persists in this behavior, with the highest prevalence among 18–25-year-olds. Given that the choice to smoke imposes a known health risk, clarification of brain function related to decision-making, particularly involving risk-taking, in smokers may inform prevention and smoking cessation strategies.Objectives
This study aimed to compare brain function related to decision-making in young smokers and nonsmokers.Methods
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a computerized risky decision-making task in which participants pump virtual balloons, each pump associated with an incremental increase in potential payoff on a given trial but also with greater risk of balloon explosion and loss of payoff. We used this task to compare brain activation associated with risky decision-making in smokers (n?=?18) and nonsmokers (n?=?25), while they performed the BART during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The participants were young men and women, 17–21 years of age.Results
Risk level (number of pumps) modulated brain activation in the right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices more in smokers than in nonsmokers, and smoking severity (Heaviness of Smoking Index) was positively related to this modulation in an adjacent frontal region.Conclusions
Given evidence for involvement of the right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices in inhibitory control, these findings suggest that young smokers have a different contribution of prefrontal cortical substrates to risky decision-making than nonsmokers. Future studies are warranted to determine whether the observed neurobiological differences precede or result from smoking. 相似文献5.
Joseph O’Neill Marc C. Tobias Matthew Hudkins Eugene Y. Oh Gerhard S. Hellemann Erika L. Nurmi Edythe D. London 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(13):2717-2724
Rationale
Findings from animal studies and human PET imaging indicate that nicotine and cigarette smoking affect glutamate (Glu) and related neurochemical markers in the brain and imply that smoking reduces extracellular Glu. As Glu release is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are present at high concentrations in the thalamus, we examined the effects of smoking on thalamic Glu.Objective
To determine the effects of tobacco smoking on thalamic glutamate levels.Methods
Thalamic Glu levels were measured in vivo in 18 smokers and 16 nonsmokers using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) at 1.5 T.Results
Mean Glu levels did not differ significantly between the subject groups. However, within smokers, Glu levels were negatively correlated with self-reports of both cigarettes/day over the last 30 days (r?=??0.64, p?=?0.006) and pack-years of smoking (r?=??0.66, p?=?0.005).Conclusions
Consistent with expectations based on preclinical studies, within smokers, cigarettes/day and pack-years are associated with reduced Glu in thalamus, a brain region rich in nAchRs. These results encourage work on candidate glutamatergic therapies for smoking cessation and suggest a noninvasive metric for their action in the brain. 相似文献6.
Calhoun PS Wagner HR McClernon FJ Lee S Dennis MF Vrana SR Clancy CP Collie CF Johnson YC Beckham JC 《Psychopharmacology》2011,215(2):379-389
Rationale
Exaggerated startle response is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) although results examining differences in the acoustic startle response (ASR) between those with and without PTSD are mixed. One variable that may affect ASR among persons with PTSD is smoking. Individuals with PTSD are more likely to smoke and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. While smokers with PTSD report that smoking provides significant relief of negative affect and PTSD symptoms, the effects of smoking or nicotine deprivation on startle reactivity among smokers with PTSD are unknown. 相似文献7.
Staci A. Gruber Mary Kathryn Dahlgren Kelly A. Sagar Atilla Gönenç Scott E. Lukas 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(8):1455-1465
Rationale
Marijuana (MJ) use continues to rise, and as the perceived risk of using MJ approaches an all-time historic low, initiation of MJ use is occurring at even younger ages. As adolescence is a critical period of neuromaturation, teens and emerging adults are at greater risk for experiencing the negative effects of MJ on the brain. In particular, MJ use has been shown to be associated with alterations in frontal white matter microstructure, which may be related to reports of increased levels of impulsivity in this population.Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age of onset of MJ use, white matter microstructure, and reported impulsivity in chronic, heavy MJ smokers.Methods
Twenty-five MJ smokers and 18 healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. MJ smokers were also divided into early onset (regular use prior to age 16) and late onset (age 16 or later) groups in order to clarify the impact of age of onset of MJ use on these variables.Results
MJ smokers exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) relative to controls, as well as higher levels of impulsivity. Earlier MJ onset was also associated with lower levels of FA. Interestingly, within the early onset group, higher impulsivity scores were correlated with lower FA, a relationship that was not observed in the late onset smokers.Conclusions
MJ use is associated with white matter development and reported impulsivity, particularly in early onset smokers. 相似文献8.
O-Seok Kang Song-Yi Kim Geon-Ho Jahng Hackjin Kim Jong-Woo Kim Sun-Yong Chung Jun-Won Kim Seung-In Yang Hi-Joon Park Hyejung Lee Younbyoung Chae 《Psychopharmacology》2013,228(1):119-127
Rationale
Cue reactivity is a key factor in modulating motivational and goal-directed behaviors associated with compulsive drug intake and relapse. Smoking-associated cues produce smoking urges and cravings and are accompanied by the activation of brain regions involved in attention, motivation, and reward.Objectives
We investigated whether acupuncture ameliorates cravings induced by smoking-related visual cues, and we explored the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on modulating smoking urges.Methods
After 36 h of smoking abstinence, 25 right-handed male smokers underwent fMRI, during which smoking-related and neutral visual cues were presented. Twelve subjects were treated with real acupuncture (RA) at HT7 and 13 subjects received sham acupuncture (SA). During the scanning sessions, craving scores to smoking-related visual cues were assessed before and after RA or SA treatment. The differences in brain responses to smoking vs. neutral cues after treatment between the RA and SA groups were detected using three-way ANOVAs (Cue × Session × Group).Results
After treatment, the craving scores were significantly decreased in the RA group, as compared to the SA group. When we explored the neural substrates of acupuncture on the modulation of cravings induced by smoking cues, significant differences were found in the medial prefrontal cortex, the premotor cortex, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus.Conclusions
These findings suggest that acupuncture alleviates cue-induced cravings through the regulation of activity in brain regions involved in attention, motivation, and reward relative to craving scores in the initial abstinence phase. 相似文献9.
Rebecca L. Ashare Jeffrey N. Valdez Kosha Ruparel Benjamin Albelda Ryan D. Hopson John R. Keefe James Loughead Caryn Lerman 《Psychopharmacology》2013,230(4):653-662
Rationale
The common methionine (met) for valine (val) at codon 158 (val158met) polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been associated with nicotine dependence, alterations in executive cognitive function, and abstinence-induced working memory deficits in smokers.Objectives
We sought to replicate the association of the COMT val allele with abstinence-induced alterations in working memory-related activity in task-positive (executive control) and task-negative (default mode network) regions.Methods
Forty smokers (20 val/val and 20 met/met) performed an N-back task while undergoing blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on two separate occasions: following 72 h of confirmed abstinence and during smoking as usual. An independent sample of 48 smokers who completed the identical N-back task during fMRI in smoking vs. abstinence for another study was used as a validation sample.Results
Contrary to expectations, genotype by session interactions on BOLD signal in executive control regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex) revealed significant abstinence-induced reductions in the met/met group, but not the val/val group. Results also revealed that val/val smokers may exhibit less suppression of activation in task-negative regions such as the posterior cingulate cortex during abstinence (vs. smoking). These patterns were confirmed in the validation sample and in the whole-brain analysis, though the regions differed from the a priori regions of interest (ROIs) (e.g., precuneus, insula).Conclusions
The COMT val158met polymorphism was associated with abstinence-related working memory deficits in two independent samples of smokers. However, inconsistencies compared to prior findings and across methods (ROI vs. whole-brain analysis) highlight the challenges inherent in reproducing results of imaging genetic studies in addiction. 相似文献10.
Kenneth A. Perkins Joshua L. Karelitz Grace E. Giedgowd Cynthia A. Conklin Michael A. Sayette 《Psychopharmacology》2010,210(1):25-34
Rationale
Negative mood increases smoking reinforcement and may do so to a greater degree in smokers vulnerable to negative mood dysregulation. 相似文献11.
Yavor Yalachkov Jochen Kaiser Andreas Görres Arne Seehaus Marcus J. Naumer 《Psychopharmacology》2013,225(2):461-471
Rationale
Behavioral experiments have demonstrated that the sensory modality of presentation modulates drug cue reactivity.Objectives
The present study on nicotine addiction tested whether neural responses to smoking cues are modulated by the sensory modality of stimulus presentation.Methods
We measured brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers while they viewed images of smoking paraphernalia and control objects and while they touched the same objects without seeing them.Results
Haptically presented, smoking-related stimuli induced more pronounced neural cue reactivity than visual cues in the left dorsal striatum in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The severity of nicotine dependence correlated positively with the preference for haptically explored smoking cues in the left inferior parietal lobule/somatosensory cortex, right fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal cortex/cerebellum, hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor area.Conclusions
These observations are in line with the hypothesized role of the dorsal striatum for the expression of drug habits and the well-established concept of drug-related automatized schemata, since haptic perception is more closely linked to the corresponding object-specific action pattern than visual perception. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that with the growing severity of nicotine dependence, brain regions involved in object perception, memory, self-processing, and motor control exhibit an increasing preference for haptic over visual smoking cues. This difference was not found for control stimuli. Considering the sensory modality of the presented cues could serve to develop more reliable fMRI-specific biomarkers, more ecologically valid experimental designs, and more effective cue-exposure therapies of addiction. 相似文献12.
Ussher M Aveyard P Reid F West R Evans P Clow A Hucklebridge F Fuller J Ibison J Steptoe A 《Psychopharmacology》2011,216(1):43-51
Rationale
Many smokers experience a decline in cortisol to sub-normal levels during the first days of smoking cessation. A greater decline in cortisol is associated with more intense cigarette withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke and relapse to smoking. Findings from an uncontrolled study suggest that glucocorticoids could ameliorate cigarette withdrawal. 相似文献13.
Corinde E. Wiers Simone Kühn Amir Homayoun Javadi Ozlem Korucuoglu Reinout W. Wiers Henrik Walter Jürgen Gallinat Felix Bermpohl 《Psychopharmacology》2013,229(1):187-197
Rationale
Drug-addicted individuals show automatic approach tendencies towards drug-related cues, i.e., an approach bias (ApB). Nevertheless, little is known about ApB in tobacco smokers and about the presence of ApB after smoking abstinence.Objectives
We investigated ApB to smoking cues in heavy tobacco smokers versus never-smokers and studied its relation to smoking characteristics and craving. Second, we compared ApBs of heavy smokers with biases of abstinent heavy smokers.Method
A group of current heavy smokers (n?=?24), ex-smokers who were abstinent for at least 5 years (n?=?20), and never-smokers (n?=?20) took part in the experiment. An indirect smoking approach avoidance task was performed, in which participants were required to respond to pictures of smoking and neutral cues by pulling (approach) or pushing (avoid) on a joystick, according to the content-irrelevant format of the picture (landscape or portrait). Craving scores were examined using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges.Results
Heavy smokers showed an ApB for smoking cues compared to ex-smokers and never-smokers, which correlated positively to craving scores. There were no group differences in ApB scores for ex-smokers and never-smokers.Conclusion
These results suggest that ApBs for smoking cues are present in heavy smokers and decrease after long-term successful smoking cessation. 相似文献14.
Rationale
Varenicline, an approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, also shows promise as a potential treatment for alcohol dependence. However, varenicline has not been tested in heavy drinkers, and it remains to be determined whether varenicline could reduce alcohol craving and consumption in smokers who are trying to quit smoking. 相似文献15.
Background
Among nicotine-dependent smokers, smoking abstinence disrupts multiple cognitive and affective processes including conflict resolution and emotional information processing (EIP). However, the neurobiological basis of abstinence effects on resolving emotional interference on cognition remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate smoking abstinence effects on emotion–cognition interactions. 相似文献16.
Introduction
Various studies have demonstrated that environmental smoking cues elicit smoking-related responses in smokers. However, cue reactivity studies among adolescent smokers are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking portrayal in movies on immediate smoking behavior in adolescent smokers.Method
A total of 65 adolescent daily smokers (between the ages of 16 and 18 years) were exposed to a one-hour movie clip, with or without smoking characters, and were allowed to smoke while watching the movie.Results
The exposure to smoking cues in movies had no effect on immediate smoking behavior. This association was not affected by several smoking- and movie-related variables.Conclusions
No influence of smoking cues in movies on immediate smoking behavior in adolescent daily smokers was found. More experimental research on the effects of environmental cues on adolescent smokers in different stages of addiction is needed. 相似文献17.
Rationale
A large proportion of smokers consolidate their smoking patterns during young adulthood, and it is possible that the high rates of drinking found in this age group may facilitate the transition from nondaily to daily cigarette use. 相似文献18.
19.
Xiang Yang Zhang Da Chun Chen Yun Long Tan Mei Hong Xiu Jingyi Cui Li Hui Fu De Yang Thomas R Kosten 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(1):305-314
Objective
Despite higher smoking rates in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the clinical–demographic correlates of different amounts of smoking exposure. Little is known about the association between smoking severity and clinical phenotypes in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Materials and methods
We investigated differences between heavy (≥1 pack/day) and non-heavy (<1 pack/day) smoking in 550 male inpatients with schizophrenia using clinician-administered questionnaires and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. They also were rated on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Simpson and Angus Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (SAES), and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), as well as were assayed with laboratory tests and an electrocardiogram.Results
Heavy smoking prevalence was approximately 31 %. Compared to the non-heavy smokers, the heavy smokers were younger, more with paranoid subtype but less with disorganized subtype schizophrenia, smoked at an earlier age, fewer getting clozapine or all atypical antipsychotics together, and were taking larger doses of antipsychotic drugs. The heavy smokers scored significantly lower on the PANSS negative symptom subscore and total score, and also on the SAES and AIMS scores than the non-heavy smokers. In addition, heavy smokers displayed longer rate-corrected electrocardiographic QT intervals, but without any significant differences in other laboratory tests.Conclusion
Our results suggest several clinical or demographic differences between the heavy and non-heavy smoking patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Heavy smoking remains a general health risk for schizophrenia. 相似文献20.
Xiang Yang Zhang Mei Hong Xiu Da Chun Chen Fu De Yang Gui Ying Wu Lin Lu Therese A. Kosten Thomas R. Kosten 《Psychopharmacology》2010,212(3):301-307