Preferential Transport and Metabolism of Glucose in Bergmann Glia over Purkinje Cells:A Multiphoton Study of Cerebellar Slices

了解不同类型的细胞如何处理葡萄糖有助于解释能量供应是如何是如何根据大脑能量需求来进行调整的。荧光追踪结合共聚焦显微镜技术已用于研究培养的脑细胞摄取葡萄糖的实时动态过程。本文采用这种技术利用多光子显微镜观察急性制备的大鼠小脑脑片。带荧光的葡萄糖类似物2NBDG和6NBDG在小脑皮质的分子层中的转运速度比其在蒲肯野细胞胞体和颗粒细胞中快若干倍。洗脱游离示踪剂后,可见大部分磷酸化示踪剂都位于Bergmann胶质细胞,用胶质细胞标记物sulforhodamine 101免疫染色后进一步确认这一结果。有效回收荧光光漂白后显示,2NBDG-P可通过Bergmann胶质细胞之间的缝隙连接沿着分子层水平扩散。本文的结果表明在急性小脑切片中,Bergmann胶质细胞对葡萄糖的转运能力和糖酵解率高于蒲肯野细胞若干倍。由于小脑主要由葡萄糖提供能量,蒲肯野神经元被认为比Bergmann胶质细胞更耗能量,这些结果表明,在胶质细胞和神经元之间存在类似乳酸的能量代谢物介导的环路。     

多巴胺D2受体PET显像剂~(18)F-Fallypride的临床前实验研究

目的研究多巴胺D2受体显像剂(s)-(-)-N-(1-烯丙基吡咯烷-2-氨基甲基)-5-(3-18F)-2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺(18F-Fallypride)在小鼠体内、脑内的生物分布及安全性。方法ICR小鼠4组(每组5只),尾静脉注射18F-Fallypride注射液(3.7 MBq/0.2 mL),于注射后10、30、601、20 min断头处死,取感兴趣脏器称重,测量放射性计数,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g)及纹状体/小脑值。另取ICR小鼠5只,尾静脉注射18F-Fallypride注射液(3.7 MBq/0.2 mL)),即置microPET全身显像。按中国药典异常考察毒性项下考察18F-Fallypride注射液的安全性。结果体内生物分布及mi-croPET显像均显示18F-Fallypride进入血液后很快被组织摄取,血、心、脾、肺的放射性清除均较快,排泄途径主要为肝、肾、肠、膀胱。在脑组织中药物主要浓聚于纹状体,小脑放射性最低,纹状体/小脑的比值随时间延长而增大1。8F-Fallypride在小鼠体内没有引起明显的毒副反应,安全性能良好。结论18F-Fallypride对多巴胺D2受体具有高特异性结合,靶/非靶比值高,适于脑多巴胺D2受体显像。     

多巴胺D2受体PET显像剂^18F—Fallypride的临床前实验研究

目的研究多巴胺D2受体显像剂（s）-（-）-N-（1-烯丙基毗咯烷-2-氨基甲基）-5-（3-^18F）-2，3-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺（^18F—Fallypride）在小鼠体内、脑内的生物分布及安全性。方法ICR小鼠4组（每组5只），尾静脉注射^18F-Fallypride注射液（3．7MBq／0．2mL），于注射后10、30、60、120min断头处死，取感兴趣脏器称重，测量放射性计数，计算每克组织百分注射剂量率（％ID／g）及纹状体／小脑值。另取ICR小鼠5只，尾静脉注射^18F-Fallypride注射液（3．7MBq／0．2mL）），即置microPET全身显像。按中国药典异常考察毒性项下考察”F—Fallypride注射液的安全性。结果体内生物分布及microPET显像均显示^18F-Fallypride进入血液后很快被组织摄取，血、心、脾、肺的放射性清除均较快，排泄途径主要为肝、肾、肠、膀胱。在脑组织中药物主要浓聚于纹状体，小脑放射性最低，纹状体／小脑的比值随时间延长而增大^18F-Fallypride在小鼠体内没有引起明显的毒副反应，安全性能良好。结论^18F-Fallypride对多巴胺D2受体具有高特异性结合，靶/非靶比值高，适于脑多巴胺172受体显像。     

7.0T MRI及Micro-PET无创检测小鼠动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨7.0T小动物MRI及Micro-PET检测动脉粥样硬化的可行性.方法 取10只46周龄ApoE-/-小鼠建立老年ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,取5只模型于鼠尾静脉注射超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)前、后12 h、24 h、36 h 行MR扫描(应用7.0TMR仪);另5只模型于鼠尾静脉注射18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(~(18)F-FDG)1 h、2 h、3 h后行Micro-PET显像;取腹主动脉行病理检查.结果 老年ApoE-/-小鼠高脂喂养6个月后,7.0T MRI证实动脉粥样硬化斑块形成;鼠尾静脉注射SPIO后36 h发现鼠腹主动脉及两侧髂动脉血管壁T2W像上环形高信号较未注射SPIO前变薄,血管腔较前增宽.鼠尾静脉注射~(18)F-FDG行Micro-PET检测,发现在3 h左右腹主动脉及两侧髂动脉区域有放射性浓聚.病理示腹主动脉壁内有动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及巨噬细胞的聚集.结论 7.0T MRI及Micro-PET可成功检测巨噬细胞丰富的动脉粥样硬化斑块,有助于判断斑块的易损性,为早期发现、诊断及治疗动脉粥样硬化提供理论依据.     

急性重复性低氧暴露与小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1,3基因表达及其耐受能力

目的:探讨急性重复性低氧暴露对小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1,3基因表达水平及其耐受能力的影响。方法:实验于2004-07/12在北京老年医学研究所神经生物研究室完成。取健康雄性Balb/C近交系小鼠40只,随机分为缺氧0次组、缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次组和重复缺氧5次组,每组10只。在室温18～22℃条件下,建立小鼠低氧预适应模型,依次记录5次的小鼠缺氧耐受时间;采用定量反向转录-聚合酶链式方法,观察急性重复性低氧对小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1,3基因表达的影响。结果:40只小鼠均进入结果分析。①小鼠缺氧耐受时间:小鼠在第1,2,3,4,5缺氧密闭罐中的平均缺氧耐受时间分别是18,51,95,111和122min。②葡萄糖转运蛋白1mRNA水平比较:海马部位缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次和5次组的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的犤(1.46±0.15),(2.08±0.24),(1.25±0.25)犦倍;以上3组皮质部位的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的犤(2.05±0.76),(2.24±0.65),(1.62±0.66)犦倍。③葡萄糖转运蛋白3mRNA水平比较:海马部位缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次和5次组的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的犤(1.67±0.26),92.40±0.21),(1.66±0.37)犦倍;以上3组皮质部位的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的犤(2.38±1.01),(2.87±0.85),(1.92±0.52)犦倍。结论:急性重复性低氧暴露可大幅度提高小鼠     

急性重复性低氧暴露与小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1，3基因表达及其耐受能力

目的：探讨急性重复性低氧暴露对小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1，3基因表达水平及其耐受能力的影响。方法：实验于2004-07／12在北京老年医学研究所神经生物研究室完成。取健康雄性Balb／C近交系小鼠40只，随机分为缺氧0次组、缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次组和重复缺氧5次组，每组10只。在室温18-22℃条件下，建立小鼠低氧预适应模型，依次记录5次的小鼠缺氧耐受时间；采用定量反向转录-聚合酶链式方法，观察急性重复性低氧对小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1，3基因表达的影响。结果：40只小鼠均进入结果分析。①小鼠缺氧耐受时间：小鼠在第1，2，3，4，5缺氧密闭罐中的平均缺氧耐受时间分别是18，51，95，111和122min。②葡萄糖转运蛋白1mRNA水平比较：海马部位缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次和5次组的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的[(1.46&;#177;0．15)，(2．08&;#177;0．24)，(1．25&;#177;0．25)]倍；以上3组皮质部位的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的[(2．05&;#177;0．76)，(2．24&;#177;0．65)，(1．62&;#177;0．66)]倍：③葡萄糖转运蛋白3mRNA水平比较：海马部位缺氧1次组、重复缺氧3次和5次组的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的[(167&;#177;0．26)．92．40&;#177;0．21)，(1．66&;#177;0．37)]倍；以上3组皮质部位的吸光度分别是缺氧0次组的[(2．38&;#177;1．01)，(2．87&;#177;0．85)，(1．92&;#177;0．52）]倍。结论：急性重复性低氧暴露可大幅度提高小鼠的耐缺氧能力，改变小鼠脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1，3基因表达水平，并启动其低代谢机制而产生其适应性。     

大鼠局灶脑缺血早期不同脑区神经细胞DNA损伤研究

目的：探讨大鼠局灶脑缺血早期不同脑区神经细胞的DNA损伤特点。方法：建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型15只,分别于MCAO后1、3、6 h以断头法各处死5只,分离出额叶、顶叶、海马和尾-壳核脑组织样本进行碱性和中性单细胞凝胶电泳。结果：DNA损伤在缺血1、3 h时分别在尾-壳核和皮质细胞中被检出（P0.05）;随着时间的推移,缺血细胞的DNA损伤越来越重,但皮质细胞的DNA损伤程度一直较尾-壳核轻。DNA双链断裂于缺血3 h时首先在尾-壳核被发现;缺血6 h时扩展到梗死边缘的皮质,此时尾-壳核DNA双链断裂水平并不比皮质高。结论：皮质和尾-壳核存在不同的神经细胞死亡模式,缺血性DNA损伤可能由缺血区向周围组织次级扩散。     

99Tcm-octreotide在荷H22肝癌小鼠体内分布和显像研究

目的探讨99Tcmoctreotide作为生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤显像剂的可能性。方法99Tcmoctreotide的制备采用直接标记奥曲肽冻干品药盒的方法。①体内分布实验:25只正常KM小鼠和15只荷H22肝癌小鼠,静脉注射显像剂0.1ml(3.7MBq)后行常规体内分布实验,计算%ID/g及肿瘤的T/NT值。②荷瘤鼠显像:5只荷瘤鼠于注入显像剂后1、2、3、4、6h和24h不同时相分别显像并计算T/B值。结果①体内分布:正常小鼠体内分布显示,血液在0.5h放射性最高[(3.20±0.54)%ID/g],随后迅速清除。双肾1h摄取达最高[(13.62±4.83)%ID/g],提示显像剂主要经泌尿系统排泄。99Tcmoctreotide在荷瘤鼠的体内分布与正常小鼠一致,肿瘤与其他脏器组织的T/NT较高。②受体显像:注射显像剂1h后,小鼠全身轮廓清晰,肾和膀胱高度摄取显像剂,荷瘤鼠的已知肿瘤部位呈阳性显像。在2h肿瘤部位的放射性浓聚最高,显像效果最佳。随后放射性逐渐减弱,但肿瘤影像仍较清晰。24h时图像模糊。注射显像剂后1、2、3、4、6h和24h的T/B值分别为2.64、4.46、7.25、5.40、5.49和6.48,2h以后各时相与1h相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),但3h以后与前一时间点比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论一步法药盒制备的99Tcmoctreotide,在小鼠H22肝癌组织中分布快,消除较慢,靶和本底比值较高,注射后2h肿瘤显像最佳。99Tcmoctreotide是一种很有前景的生长抑素受体显像剂。     

^99Tc^m-HL91显像评估放疗疗效动物实验研究

目的：探讨^99Tc^m-HL91显像评估肝癌放疗疗效的可行性。方法：20只荷瘤小鼠随机分成放疗组和对照组。放疗组小鼠采用6MeV电子线,单次剂量15Gy进行放疗,对照组小鼠不进行放疗。两组小鼠均于放疗前、放疗后3天及放疗后5天经鼠尾静脉注射37MBq（0.1ml）^99Tc^m-HL91,4小时后SPECT采集小鼠前位平面图像,计算肿瘤与对侧相应部位放射性计数比值（T/NT）。显像当日游标卡尺测量肿瘤最大长径（A）和最大垂直横径（B）,计算肿瘤体积。最后一次显像结束后处死全部模型小鼠,取肿瘤称重并制成病理切片,HE染色计算肿瘤切片坏死面积百分比（PNA）。结果：肿瘤^99Tc^m-HL91显像良好,肿瘤部位与对侧相应部位有较高的放射性计数比。放疗组小鼠放疗后T/NT、Rv3、Rv5、肿瘤体积和重量均明显低于对照组,PNA明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。放疗前T/NT与Rv5及PNA均不相关（P〉0.05）。放疗3天时T/NT增加量与Rv5成正相关,与PNA成负相关。放疗3天时T/NT摄取增加组的Rv5大于摄取减少组,PNA低于摄取减少组（P〈0.05）。结论：放疗后^99Tc^m-HL91乏氧显像可用于监测放疗效果。     

99Tcm-HL91显像评估放疗疗效动物实验研究

目的：探讨99Tcm-HL91显像评估肝癌放疗疗效的可行性。方法：20只荷瘤小鼠随机分成放疗组和对照组。放疗组小鼠采用6MeV电子线，单次剂量15Gy进行放疗，对照组小鼠不进行放疗。两组小鼠均于放疗前、放疗后3天及放疗后5天经鼠尾静脉注射37MBq（0.1ml）99Tcm-HL91，4小时后SPECT采集小鼠前位平面图像，计算肿瘤与对侧相应部位放射性计数比值（T/NT）。显像当日游标卡尺测量肿瘤最大长径（A）和最大垂直横径（B），计算肿瘤体积。最后一次显像结束后处死全部模型小鼠，取肿瘤称重并制成病理切片，HE染色计算肿瘤切片坏死面积百分比（PNA）。结果：肿瘤99Tcm-HL91显像良好，肿瘤部位与对侧相应部位有较高的放射性计数比。放疗组小鼠放疗后T/NT、Rv3、Rv5、肿瘤体积和重量均明显低于对照组，PNA明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。放疗前T/NT与Rv5及PNA均不相关（P>0.05）。放疗3天时T/NT增加量与Rv5成正相关，与PNA成负相关。放疗3天时T/NT摄取增加组的Rv5大于摄取减少组，PNA低于摄取减少组（P<0.05）。结论：放疗后99Tcm-HL91乏氧显像可用于监测放疗效果。     

Uptake of a Fluorescent Deoxyglucose Analog (2-NBDG) in Tumor Cells

Purpose A new fluorescent analog of d-glucose was recently developed by [Yoshioka K, Takahashi H, Homma T, Sato M, Ki Bong O, Nemoto Y, Matsuoka H (1996) A novel fluorescent derivative of glucose applicable to the assessment of glucose uptake activity of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta 1289:5–9] and shown to be transported into normal cells. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the use of this fluorescent 2-deoxyglucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diaxol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), as a sensitive probe for monitoring glucose uptake into malignant tumor cells. Procedures MCF-7 breast cancer epithelial cells were grown and plated on coverslips for analysis of 2-NBDG uptake via fluorescence imaging microscopy. Results Steady‐state fluorescence analysis of 2-NBDG uptake displayed rapid uptake for the first one to five minutes, then slowed, reaching an apparent maximum uptake near 20–30 minutes. Addition of 5 mM d-glucose to the media markedly reduced 2-NBDG uptake. Uptake of 2-NBDG in nonmalignant epithelial cells (M-1 epithelial cells) was slow, averaging less than 20% of that observed for tumorigenic cells, the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Conclusions The preliminary data clearly demonstrate a rapid uptake of 2-NBDG into tumor cells that can be monitored by fluorescence imaging analysis. The uptake displays saturation and competition with d-glucose, all properties expected for 2-NBDG uptake and retention in cancer cells. Additional studies, including comparisons among other malignant cell lines and control cells, will be needed to fully characterize the kinetic properties of 2-NBDG uptake and the potential use of this 2-DG analog as a probe for glucose uptake in malignant cells.     

Detection of Visual Activation in the Rat Brain Using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM)

Purpose  This study was designed to assess changes in brain glucose metabolism in rats after visual stimulation. Materials and methods  We sought to determine whether visual activation in the rat brain could be detected using a small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG). Eleven rats were divided into two groups: (a) five animals exposed to ambient light and (b) six animals stimulated by stroboscopic light (10 Hz) with one eye covered. Rats were injected with FDG and, after 45 min of visual stimulation, were sacrificed and scanned for 90 min in a dedicated PET tomograph. Images were reconstructed by a three-dimensional ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm (1.8 mm full width at half maximum). A region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on 14 brain structures drawn on coronal sections. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) adapted for small animals was also carried out. Additionally, the brains of three rats were sliced into 20-μm sections for autoradiography. Results  Analysis of ROI data revealed significant differences between groups in the right superior colliculus, right thalamus, and brainstem (p ≤ 0.05). SPM detected the same areas as the ROI approach. Autoradiographs confirmed the existence of hyperactivation in the left superior colliculus and auditory cortex. Conclusions  To our knowledge, this is the first report that uses FDG-PET and SPM analysis to show changes in rat brain glucose metabolism after a visual stimulus.     

血清甲状腺激素水平与2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的发生和进展研究

目的 研究血清甲状腺激素水平与2型糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的发生和进展的关系.方法 选取健康C57BL小鼠作为对照(对照组),db/db小鼠为2型糖尿病模型(2型糖尿病组),db/db小鼠腹腔注射甲状腺素(T4)稀释液以建立2型糖尿病甲状腺功能亢进小鼠(2型糖尿病甲亢组),db/db小鼠以甲巯咪唑替代饮水建立2型糖尿病甲状...     

Isolation and characterization of mouse glomerular basement membrane

Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigens used for immunological studies have until now been isolated from human and rat glomeruli but not from mice. However, given the growing awareness of extracellular matrix species-specificity, the need for a purification method of mouse GBM exists. We now report the purification of GBM from isolated mouse glomeruli. 10 ml 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1.25% Fe3O4 was perfused through the aortae of (C57BL10 x DBA/2)F1 mice over 1 min, kidneys were decapsulated and passed through a 0.075 mm mesh metal screen and collected. After pelletting and washing, the tube was placed against one pole of a magnet and the pelleted glomeruli were washed. This procedure was repeated three times. The glomerular suspension was examined by light microscopy, sonicated, and lyophilized. In suspension no free fragments of tubuli or Bowman's capsule were present as observed by light microscopy. Mouse GBM was prepared from the isolated glomeruli using a modification of earlier described methods for human and rat GBM by enzymatic digestion. Elisa studies showed the presence of laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin. Monoclonal antibody directed against tubular epithelial antigen gp160 did not react to either mouse or rat GBM. Sera and glomerular eluates from (C57BL10 x DBA/2)F1 mice suffering from chronic graft-versus-host autoimmune disease gave a higher signal against mouse GBM than against rat GBM. Normal rabbit serum, normal mouse serum and normal mouse eluate did not show significant activity against mouse GBM. Immunoblotting showed the presence of both laminin B1 and B2 chains as well as type IV collagen alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits. In summary, we describe a method by which it is possible to extract mouse GBM with a high purity.     

Wide-field imaging of fluorescent deoxy-glucose in ex vivo malignant and normal breast tissue

Rapid in situ determination of surgical resection margins during breast cancer surgery would reduce patient time under anesthesia. We present preliminary data supporting the use of a fluorescent glucose analog (2-NBDG) as an optical contrast agent to differentiate freshly excised breast tissue containing cancerous cells from normal breast tissue. Multi-spectral images of 14 breast cancer specimens acquired before and after incubation with 2-NBDG demonstrated increased fluorescent signal in all of the malignant tissue due to increased 2-NBDG consumption. We demonstrate that 2-NBDG has potential as an optical contrast agent to differentiate cancerous from non-cancerous tissue.     

Chronopharmacological study of antidepressants in forced swimming test of mice

The influence of dosing time on the anti-immobility effect of antidepressants and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were investigated in mice. In the forced swimming test (FST), the immobility time of mice treated with amitriptyline (15 mg/kg) and fluvoxamine (30 mg/kg) showed a significant 24-h rhythm. The anti-immobility effect of fluvoxamine in FST was potent at the early part of the dark phase without increasing locomotor activity. Concerning pharmacokinetics, although K(e) of fluvoxamine was approximately 1.3-fold higher in mice injected with fluvoxamine at 9:00 PM than at 9:00 AM, no dosing time dependence was demonstrated for either plasma or brain fluvoxamine concentration at 0.5 h after the drug injection. On the other hand, serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake activity in the mouse midbrain showed significant time-dependent changes with higher levels during the dark phase and lower levels during the light phase. These results suggest that the reuptake of 5-HT might be more increased during the dark phase. Since the reuptake of 5-HT is inhibited almost completely by injection with 30 mg/kg fluvoxamine at any time, the extracellular 5-HT level may be more increased by the injection of fluvoxamine at the early part of the dark phase. The present results suggest that the anti-immobility effect of fluvoxamine in FST increases depending on dosing time. Furthermore, the time-dependent change of SERT mRNA expression and uptake activity in the midbrain is suggested to be the mechanism underlying the 24-h rhythm of anti-immobility effect of fluvoxamine.     

In vivo and in vitro visualization of gene expression dynamics over extensive areas of the brain

In vivo monitoring of gene expression using promoter-destabilized fluorescence protein constructs is a powerful method for examining the expression dynamics of immediate-early genes in the brain. However, weak fluorescence signals derived from such constructs have hampered analyses of gene expression over extensive areas of the brain. We succeeded in producing transgenic mice with brains exhibiting high level expression of the reporter gene driven by the Arc gene promoter, which is activated in association with various brain functions (reporter mRNA abundance was near 100-fold greater than endogenous Arc mRNAs). This high expression of the reporter gene enabled us to monitor Arc gene expression dynamics in vivo, over an area that included the whole of the dorsal cerebral cortex. Moreover, we were able to perform three-dimensional analyses of activated regions using paraformaldehyde-fixed brains. In addition to the visual cortex, we found that the cingulate cortex was strongly activated by light stimuli. These mice are extremely useful for the functional analysis of gene expression over extensive areas of the brains in both wild-type mice and mutants with impaired brain function.     

细胞凋亡近红外线荧光显像在评价肿瘤放疗早期疗效中的作用

目的：研究近红外线荧光（NIRF）标记的annexinV是否能显示小鼠体内细胞凋亡的情况。方法：合成了Cy5．5-annexinV，并对其体外与磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）的结合特性进行研究。建立小鼠乳腺癌（MCA29）动物模型，将其分为放射治疗组与非放射治疗组，于放射治疗后6h静脉注射Cy5．5-annexJnV，24小时后进行显像，比较两组浓聚Cy5．5-annexinV的差异。结果：Cy5．5-annexinV与PS结合的结合力（Kd）为2．51×10^-9，未标记的annexinV与Ps的Kd为1．54×10^-9，两者间无显著差异，表明经Cy5．5标记后并未改变annexinV与PS的Kd。采用流式细胞检测仪及共聚焦激光扫描显微镜研究表明Cy5．5-annexinV与PS结合的特性与FITC—annexinV相似，说明Cy5．5-annexinV在体外具有鉴别凋亡细胞与正常细胞的能力。小鼠MCA29肿瘤细胞动物模型显像表明经放射治疗后的肿瘤细胞浓聚Cy5．5-annexinV高于未治疗的肿瘤细胞。结论：Cy5．5-annexinV可以用于肿瘤放射治疗的早期疗效评价。     

超声微泡造影剂介导pEGFP-N1转染小鼠角膜的实验研究

目的 探讨微泡造影剂声诺维联合超声介导绿色荧光蛋白质粒转染小鼠角膜的转染效率和安全性.方法 小鼠眼前房分别注射生理盐水、质粒+生理盐水、质粒+造影剂、脂质体+质粒等,以50 Hz,2 W/cm2的脉冲波超声辐照质粒+生理盐水和质粒+造影剂眼10 min.术后第1 d、第3 d、第7 d、第14 d和第21 d荧光体视镜观察眼表EGFP表达出现情况,冰冻切片荧光显微镜观察阳性细胞的分布,病理切片观察组织有无损伤.结果 造影剂联合超声辐照组小鼠眼表出现绿色荧光蛋白的弥漫性表达,明显高于单纯超声辐照组和脂质体转染组,其余对照各组眼表均未见绿色荧光.第3 d时的病理切片各组均无异常.结论 声诺维联合超声辐照在体能安全、有效地介导基因转染眼组织.