双向内膜下血管成形术在治疗下肢动脉闭塞症中的应用

目的 探讨双向内膜下血管成形术在治疗周围动脉完全闭塞性病变中的意义。方法 采用双向内膜下血管成形术治疗5例长段动脉闭塞患者,其中腹主动脉下端合并两侧髂总动脉及髂外动脉闭塞1例,髂外动脉闭塞2例,股浅动脉闭塞2例。在单向内膜下再通时,进入真腔失败后而在患肢闭塞动脉远端血管穿刺,使用导丝从病变对侧进入闭塞段内膜下,在病变内膜下腔,采用导丝贯穿至对侧导管技术,成功后,将导丝从对侧导管引出体外,然后用球囊扩张成型并植入支架。结果 本组5例患者均成功完成双向内膜下再通,共植入支架9枚。结论 双向内膜下再通可以作为单向内膜下再通进入真腔失败时的补救方法,可有效提高血管成形术的成功率。     

内膜下再通术治疗外周动脉完全闭塞性病变

目的探讨内膜下再通技术（SIR）治疗外周动脉粥样硬化闭塞病变的技术要点和疗效。方法使用内膜下再通技术治疗18例患者的20处外周动脉完全闭塞病变。闭塞病变分别位于下肢动脉（髂股动脉14处、膝以下动脉4处）和左锁骨下动脉（2处）。内膜下再通的基本操作步骤：血管造影后导管抵近闭塞动脉近端，使用直径0．035in（1in=2．54cm）的TERUMO超滑导丝，穿通动脉内膜后在闭塞段动脉内膜下腔中前行，通过闭塞段后重入动脉真腔。建立闭塞段动脉内膜下通道后使用球囊扩张成形。除膝以下动脉和1处髂动脉之外，均在开通的内膜下通道起始部或全程置放自膨式支架。结果15例患者的17处病变内膜下再通治疗获得成功，临床症状显著改善。无动脉穿孔、血栓形成或动脉粥样硬化斑块脱落栓塞等并发症。3例技术失败患者临床症状无变化，失败原因分别是导丝不能重入内膜真腔和内膜下腔，扩张成形不满意。结论内膜下再通技术治疗外周动脉闭塞病变可行性强、疗效显著、安全性良好、技术相对简便；在治疗比较复杂的动脉闭塞病变时是传统经皮血管腔内成形术（PTA）的重要补充手段。     

内膜下再通术在股腘动脉腔内成形术中的应用

目的 探讨内膜下再通技术(SIR)治疗股腘动脉粥样硬化闭塞病变的技术要点和疗效.方法 使用内膜下再通技术治疗患者股腘动脉完全闭塞病变42例.使用超滑导丝穿通闭塞段动脉内膜下腔,通过闭塞段后重新进入流出道真腔.建立闭塞段动脉内膜下通道后,用球囊腔内成形及支架置入以保证管腔通畅.结果 39例患者内膜下再通治疗获得成功,临床...     

主-髂-股动脉闭塞性病变介入治疗的技术探讨及疗效观察

目的探讨主-髂-股动脉闭塞性病变介入治疗的技术要点。方法本组34例主-髂-股动脉闭塞的患者中，腹主动脉下段、双侧髂动脉完全闭塞8例，同时肾动脉受累3例；单侧髂动脉闭塞23例，其中病变累及股总动脉4例；单纯单侧股浅动脉长段闭塞3例。分别行闭塞段开通、经导管局部溶栓、血管腔内成形术(PTA)和内支架置人等多种介入方法综合治疗。结果除3例髂动脉闭塞未能开通外，8条腹主动脉，36条髂动脉，4条股总动脉和3条股浅动脉均得以开通，开通率为94％。共置入裸支架46枚，覆膜支架3枚。其中包括腹主动脉支架6枚，髂动脉支架34枚，股总动脉支架2枚、股浅动脉支架4枚和肾动脉支架3枚。在治疗成功的31例中，9例临床症状和体征得到缓解，21例明显改善，1例因长期慢性肾功能衰竭于术后第2天死亡；其中4例合并有并发症。术后平均随访21．5个月(2～53个月)，除2例分别在术后2个月和14个月发生支架内再闭塞行二次介入治疗外，其余患者症状均无加重或复发。结论综合应用多种介入方法治疗主-髂-股动脉闭塞性病变是一项安全有效的治疗手段，可获得满意的临床效果。     

主动脉-髂动脉闭塞介入重建术的中期随访

目的 评价主动脉-髂动脉闭塞介入治疗的中期疗效.方法 回顾性分析30例经介入治疗的腹主动脉.双侧髂动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料.30例中男24例、女6例,年龄35～75岁,平均(55±10)岁.采用导丝开通、导管溶栓、球囊扩张及支架置入等介入方法 治疗,出院后通过电话、信函、门诊复查等方式随访.结果26例腹主动脉-双侧髂动脉重建成功;3例分别因1条髂动脉开通失败仅腹主动脉.单侧髂动脉重建成功;1例主动脉-髂动脉重建失败.髂动脉破裂1例行WallGraft支架修补.术中发生远端动脉栓塞2例.1例一侧患肢缺血加重接受截肢.27例随访1～112个月,平均(41±9)个月.术后6个月髂动脉闭塞1例未能开通;25个月后双侧髂动脉闭塞1例,经球囊导管扩张治疗后3个月再闭塞,行双侧髂动脉支架置入.23例患肢均无症状再发或加重.结论主动脉-髂动脉介入重建术可有效恢复下肢血供,中期疗效良好.     

肱动脉和股动脉穿刺入路支架成形术治疗单侧髂动脉慢性闭塞的比较研究

目的 比较左侧肱动脉和健侧股动脉穿刺入路腔内支架成形术治疗单侧髂动脉慢性闭塞患者的安全性、可行性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年12月分别采用左侧肱动脉(A组)、健侧股动脉(B组)穿刺入路腔内支架成形术治疗的133例、116例单侧髂动脉慢性闭塞患者围手术期资料和随访结果.分别以围手术期并发症发生率、...     

接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的应用研究

目的：研究接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的有效性和安全性。 方法：选取2014年4月—2017年9月入住我院的22例无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,22例中对侧股动脉植入覆膜支架5例,主髂动脉病变已行对吻支架6例,主髂动脉病变同时累及双侧股动脉3例,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后4例,对侧截肢术后4例,采用接力穿刺技术（先肱动脉入路完成患侧髂股动脉病变治疗,获得患侧股动脉安全穿刺区,然后接力顺行穿刺患侧股动脉完成股腘动脉、甚至膝下动脉病变的腔内治疗）进行一期血运重建,治疗其下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,总结手术成功率及并发症情况。 结果：手术成功率为100%,共植入103枚支架,平均4.7枚/人。所有缺血症状术后立即得到缓解,患肢踝肱指数（ABI）显著提高[（0.90±0.16）vs.（0.33±0.18）,t=18.80,P<0.01）。随访2~36月(平均19.5个月),围手术期及随访期间无严重手术相关并发症,术后1年的一期通畅率为81.8%（18/22）。 结论：应用接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路、肱动脉入路腔内器械过短无法完成血运重建的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是安全、有效的,可以作为首选治疗方法。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性长段硬化性闭塞疾病

目的 探讨内膜下血管成形术(SIA)在治疗髂、股动脉慢性长段硬化性闭塞疾病方面的临床效果和应用价值.资料与方法 2003年5月至2008年8月,49例髂、股动脉慢性长段硬化性闭塞患者,采用SIA进行经皮腔内血管球囊扩张(PTA)+内支架置入.结果 全组治疗成功率93.88%(46/49),24例髂动脉闭塞SIA后,随访3～48个月,血流均保持通畅;22例股浅动脉闭塞SIA后,随访3～36个月,血流仍保持通畅为20例(90.91%),2例股浅动脉支架置入后12个月出现再阻塞,经局部溶栓,支架腔内血流均保持通畅.术前术后平均踝肱指数(ABI)分别为0.23(0.11～0.42)和0.87(0.67～1.06),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 SIA在髂、股动脉慢性长段硬化性闭塞的PTA+内支架置入治疗中,可显著提高成功率,减少并发症,是安全有效的方法.     

主－髂－股动脉多发病变腔内治疗策略及临床意义

目的：探讨主－髂－股动脉多发病变腔内治疗的策略、技巧及临床意义。方法本组8例主－髂－股动脉多发病变患者,术前均行CTA或MRA血管成像,肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉完全闭塞2例,腹主动脉远段闭塞4例,腹主动脉远段狭窄1例、膜性闭塞1例;病变累及髂总动脉12条,髂外动脉8条,股动脉1条,腘动脉2条;选择不同的路径,贯通、溶栓、球囊扩张、支架植入。结果术后8例患者腹主动脉全部开通,12条髂总动脉除3条未处理外9条全部贯通,髂外动脉均贯通,股动脉、腘动脉未处理。随访1~12个月,5例患者下肢缺血症状消失,2例明显改善;1例1年后又形成血栓闭塞,插管溶栓后恢复正常。结论血管腔内治疗主－髂－股动脉多发病变,对改善下肢缺血症状疗效显著,操作简便,并发症少,是安全有效的方法。     

老年患者冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变介入治疗中经桡动脉进行对侧血管造影定位导丝

目的　评价老年患者冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变介入治疗中经桡动脉途径进行对侧血管造影定位导丝的安全性及有效性。方法　选择性介入治疗的慢性闭塞患者 9例 ,其中女性 2例 ,男性 7例 ,平均年龄 (72± 6 )岁 ,所有患者Allen试验均为阳性。冠状动脉造影显示前降支闭塞 5例 ,回旋支闭塞 3例 ,右冠闭塞 1例。血管闭塞的平均时间为 (4 .6± 2 .1)个月。首先进行常规右侧股动脉穿刺 ,送入导引导管及导丝 ,然后穿刺右侧桡动脉经 5F鞘管送入造影导管至对侧冠状动脉开口处。经股动脉将导丝送至闭塞血管病变处 ,通过桡动脉造影导管注入造影剂使靶血管远端显影 ,判断导丝是否在靶血管腔中。经验证明确导丝位置后进行球囊扩张及支架置入。结果　 9例患者全部成功施行PTCA及支架置入术 ,术中无冠状动脉夹层瘤及穿孔等并发症发生 ,住院期间症状明显改善。减轻了患者双侧股动脉加压包扎的痛苦。结论　由于老年患者的血管弹性降低 ,介入治疗冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变时容易出现血管病发症 ,给介入治疗造成一定困难 ,在介入治疗中必须小心谨慎及时判断导丝所在位置。我们的观察发现 ,经桡动脉进行对侧血管造影 ,通过侧枝循环使慢性闭塞病变远端显影判断导丝位置是另一有效安全的途径     

内膜下成形术治疗股浅动脉长段闭塞

目的 探讨内膜下血管成形术(SIA)治疗长段股浅动脉闭塞的临床价值及中期随访结果.方法 采用SIA治疗45例临床表现为间歇性跛行和重症下肢缺血的长段股浅动脉闭塞患者,对中远期通畅率、保肢率及其影响因素进行统计学分析.结果 45例中,SIA成功治疗43例,其中36例经股浅动脉顺行成功再通,技术成功率为80.0%,另7例...     

Bilateral Leg Ischemia due to Descending Aortic Dissection: Combined Treatment with Femoro-femoral Cross-over Bypass and Unilateral Aorto-iliac stenting

We report a case of aorto-iliac occlusion due to descending aortic dissection treated initially with femoro-femoral cross-over bypass and secondarily with unilateral aorto-iliac stenting because of progression of the dissection. A 75-year-old man presented with acute ischemia of the right leg. CT revealed occlusion of the right iliac artery due to descending aortic dissection with a clotted false lumen. Three days after femoro-femoral cross-over bypass, ischemia of both legs developed and angiography demonstrated occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and left common iliac artery. Two overlapping stents were deployed in these vessel segments. Completion angiography confirmed successful recanalization with adequate distal flow and good patency of the cross-over bypass. Peripheral pulses were restored and the patient’s symptoms were alleviated. Combined treatment with cross-over bypass and endovascular recanalization may be considered as a viable alternative to open aortic surgery in selected cases of complicated aorto-iliac dissection with bilateral leg ischemia.     

Subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention (SAFARI) for subintimal recanalization to treat chronic critical limb ischemia

PURPOSE: To describe the technique of subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention (SAFARI) to improve technical success for the performance of subintimal recanalization when there is failure to reenter the distal true lumen or when there is a limited segment of patent distal target artery available for reentry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subintimal recanalization was attempted in an antegrade direction in all patients. If reentry into the distal true lumen was unsuccessful or a short segment of target artery was present, retrograde access was obtained in the distal target artery (popliteal, anterior tibial/dorsalis pedis, or posterior tibial) and a retrograde subintimal channel was created. A guide wire was used to connect the retrograde and antegrade subintimal channels simultaneously to create a "flossing" guide wire. The subintimal tract was dilated with balloon angioplasty with or without stent implantation. Limb salvage, amputation-free survival, and survival rates over time were determined. RESULTS: The SAFARI technique resulted in successful subintimal recanalization creating straight-line flow to the foot in all 21 limbs in 20 patients in which the technique was attempted. Antegrade-retrograde access was performed with the femoral artery and the following vessels: popliteal, n = 11; anterior tibial/dorsalis pedis, n = 10; and posterior tibial, n = 2 (two limbs involved multiple accesses). All procedures were successful. The limb salvage rate with SAFARI was 90% (95% CI, 74%-100%) at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The SAFARI technique can be useful for completing subintimal recanalization when there is failure to reenter the distal true lumen from an antegrade approach or when there is limited distal target artery available for reentry. The SAFARI technique improves technical success in the performance of subintimal recanalization. Limb salvage rates are comparable to those with antegrade subintimal recanalization.     

Atherosclerotic subintimal hematoma of the carotid artery.

A presumed new radiological-pathological entity of atherosclerotic subintimal of the carotid artery is described. Subintimal hematomas were found in 12 of 50 (24%) carotid bifurcations during surgery for repeated transient ischemic attacks in a single hemispheric distribution; only 33% were associated with ulcerations. The typical angiographic appearance was a sharply marginated, rounded, eccentric filling defect located near the extracranial carotid bifurcation, although occasionally it may simulate a typical smooth or even ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque. Pathological mechanisms responsible for the hemorrhage into the atherosclerotic plaque resulting in the hematoma are discussed.     

Subintimal angioplasty in femoropopliteal region—Mid-term results

Purpose

Subintimal angioplasty is becoming more frequently used treatment option for patients with long arterial occlusions or diffuse atherosclerotic changes as an alternative to surgical treatment in claudicants especially in patients with critical limb ischemia.The aim of our article is to retrospectively assess mid-term outcomes of subintimal angioplasty of chronic arterial occlusions in femoropopliteal region followed clinically and by Doppler ultrasonography.

Materials and methods

From May 2002 to December 2007, 133 femoropopliteal artery occlusions in 123 patients were indicated for subintimal recanalisation. The indications for treatment were intermittent claudications in 84 patients (63.15%) and critical limb ischemia in 49 patients (36.85%). The median length of lesions was 11.4 cm, range 2-30 cm. Except doppler ultrasonographic examination done 24 h after the procedure and clinical examination before discharge, both clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed 6 and 12 months after the procedure and yearly thereafter. Statistical analysis of our cohort was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 86.46%. Primary patency rate was 83.1% (SE: 3.9%), 67.5% (SE: 5%), 58% (SE: 5.9%) a 48.4% (SE: 7.1%) at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. No statistically significant difference of primary patency was found between the group of claudicants and the group of patient with critical limb ischemia. Statistically significant prediction factors for primary patency were only the quality of the run off and the length of the occlusion. Limb salvage rate in our group of patients with critical limb ischemia was 80.8% at 12 months.

Conclusion

: Subintimal recanalisation is a simple and safe procedure for treatment of chronic peripheral arterial occlusions with high primary technical success rate, acceptable primary patency rate, low percentage of complications and mortality is as low as nil. Subintimal angioplasty is definitely advantageous and fast method in patients with critical limb ischemia with high possibility of limb salvage. Surgical treatment can be replaced by subintimal angioplasty in claudicants with high risk of operative treatment, without suitable autologous vein graft or where distal femoropopliteal or femorocrural bypass is needed.     

Chronic Total Occlusion of the Iliac Artery: Endoluminal Reentry Using a Metal Stiffening Cannula

When chronic total occlusion of the iliac artery cannot be crossed with traditional guide wires and catheters, the metal stiffener from a universal drainage catheter kit can be shaped and used to direct a guide wire from a subintimal tract into the true lumen. In the present report, reentry was achieved in 12 of 12 patients with the use of the cannula. This technique provides a useful alternative for treatment of chronic total iliac occlusions.     

内膜下成形技术治疗慢性下肢重度缺血糖尿病患者踝下动脉闭塞性病变的临床研究

目的 评价内膜下成形技术治疗糖尿病患者踝下动脉闭塞性病变的可行性和安全性.方法 内膜下成形术用于治疗37例伴有严重下肢缺血症状,足背动脉和(或)足底动脉闭塞性病变的糖尿病患者.所有患者均不适合血管腔内成形术或外科血管旁路移植术治疗.57条患肢中,31条(54.4%)有组织缺损,51条(89.5%)肢体表现为静息痛.患者...     

Outback catheter-assisted simultaneous antegrade and retrograde access for subintimal recanalization of peripheral arterial occlusion

Subintimal recanalization techniques have been shown to be beneficial in selected patients with severe peripheral vascular disease with tissue loss or rest pain and limited surgical options. In this report, we use an Outback catheter in order to gain access to the subintimal channel from the true lumen during percutaneous intentional extraluminal recanalization using the subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention (SAFARI) technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where the Outback catheter was used in antegrade fashion in order to gain access to the subintimal space from the true lumen using the SAFARI technique.     

Technical report and preliminary clinical data of a novel catheter for luminal re-entry after subintimal dissection

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of the Outback catheter for intraluminal re-entry after subintimal dissection in the crossing of chronic arterial occlusions. METHODS: This study was a proof-of-concept feasibility. Ten patients with totally occluded arteries in the iliac artery to the distal femoral artery (mean occlusion length, 13.1 cm; range, 5-25 cm) were treated with the novel catheter. After successful re-entry, PTA or PTA plus stenting was performed. RESULTS: No perforations, dissections, lacerations, or device complications occurred. The procedural re-entry success rate with the Outback catheter was 50% (5/10 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Although the Outback catheter is safe, the percentage of intraluminal reaccess should be ameliorated through engineering improvements because there is some evidence to suggest that subintimal recanalization could produce improved long-term results.