Response patterns of biomarkers in omnivorous and carnivorous fish species exposed to multicomponent metal (Cd,Cr, Cu,Ni, Pb and Zn) mixture. Part III

Ecotoxicology - Toxicity to fish of multicomponent metal mixtures at maximum-permissible-concentrations (MPC: Cd—0.005, Cr—0.01, Cu—0.01, Ni—0.01, Pb—0.005 and...     

Heavy metal (Pb,Cu, Zn,and Cd) concentrations in the water and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish and associated non-carcinogenic risk assessment: Alagol wetland in the Golestan,Iran

Short- and long-term exposure to heavy metals can be dangerous for human health. One of the main routes of exposure to heavy metals is intake of seafood such as fish. In this study, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentration in the water and muscle of C. Carpio fish was measured and non-carcinogenic risk of these heavy metals was estimated. The mean (range) concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were 7.92?±?7.99 (1.22–39.43?mg/kg), 120.90?±?106.25 (1.15–477?mg/kg), 5.84?±?5.22 (ND-21.86?mg/kg), and 0.027?±?0.043 (ND-0.14). Except Cd, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb were significantly more than Food and Agricultural Organization United Nations (FAOUN) maximum guidelines (p??Cu?>?Pb?>?Cd in the water and muscle tissue of C. carpio fish. Lowest and highest target hazard quotient (THQ) for adults was related to Cd (0.005) and Pb (0.252) and for children, Cd (0.003) and Pb (0.168), respectively. The rank order of THQ for adults and children are Pb?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Cd. Since THQ and hazard index (HI) for both adults and children were significantly lower than 1 (p?C. Carpio fish consumption.     

Essential metal (Cu,Zn) exposures alter the activity of ATPases in gill,kidney and muscle of tilapia <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>

An acute (96 h—0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 μg/ml) and chronic (up to 30 days—0.05 μg/ml) protocols of Cu and Zn were applied to freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to investigate these essential metal effects on the activities of gill, kidney and muscle Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase. In vitro effects of both metals (20 min—0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 μg/ml) were also measured to be able to compare both exposure routes. Data showed that ATPase activities, in general, decreased following all the exposure conditions, though there were some increases especially in Mg²⁺-ATPase activity. Among the enzymes, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase appeared to be more sensitive than Mg²⁺-ATPase to the metals. The data also indicated that effects of Cu on ATPase activity in the tissues of O. niloticus were stronger than the effects of Zn, possibly due to higher toxic effects of Cu. In vivo and in vitro exposures of metals showed similar trends with a few exceptions, especially in the gill. Variability of ATPase activity is determined by tissue type, metal species, concentration and duration. This work showed that even essential metals can alter significantly activities of ATPases in fish and thus suggests using them as a sensitive biomarker in metal contaminated waters.