新辅助化疗对乳腺癌疗效和雌激素受体孕激素受体Ki-67和人表皮生长因子受体2表达的影响分析

目的了解新辅助化疗（NAC）在局部进展期乳腺癌治疗前后ER、PR、Ki-67及HER-2的变化,探讨其与新辅助化疗疗效之间的相关关系。方法 46例接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者纳入研究,分析患者术前弹射式空芯针穿刺活检标本和术后大标本癌组织ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2表达的变化。患者化疗前行乳腺肿瘤粗针穿刺活检并免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达。化疗后评估疗效并对接受手术的患者的手术标本通过同法检测各指标的表达。结果新辅助化疗前后ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达均发生了改变,新辅助化疗前ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2阳性表达的肿瘤组织新辅助化疗后下调（ER：82.6%和80.4%;PR：78.3%和71.7%;Ki-67：39.1%和30.4%;HER-2：28.3%和26.1%）,但没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2阳性表达疗效有效率与阴性表达有效率分别为ER：68.4%和50.0%;PR：66.7%和60.0%;Ki-67：77.8%和57.1%;HER-2：53.8%和69.7%。ER、PR、Ki-67、HER-2表达状态与化疗效果均无明显的关系（均P〉0.05）。结论新辅助化疗可以改变ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达,本临床研究未发现ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的变化与局部进展期乳腺癌的新辅助化疗疗效有相关关系。     

Different prognostic significance of Ki-67 change between pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy in various subtypes of breast cancer

In a neoadjuvant setting, three parameters for Ki-67 could be obtained: pre-treatment Ki-67, post-treatment Ki-67 and Ki-67 change between pre- and post-treatments. It is uncertain which of the three parameters has the greatest prognostic significance, and whether this parameter has significance in each subtype of breast cancer. A total of 385 patients who received neoadjuvant anthracycline followed by taxane chemotherapy and subsequent surgery for breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), patients were divided into four subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple negative, and HER2). Ki-67 was examined by IHC in pre-treatment core needle samples and post-treatment surgical excision specimens. The relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was compared among each subtype. The median follow-up period was 56 months. The rate of pathological complete response was higher for HER2 (34.8 %) and Triple negative (24.3 %) subtypes than for Luminal B (8.3 %) and Luminal A (3.8 %) subtypes (p < 0.0001). A reduction in Ki-67 was observed in 58.5, 83.4, 70.2, and 74.2 % of patients in the Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple negative, and HER2 subtypes, respectively. Ki-67 change between pre- and post-treatments was an independent prognostic factor, but pre-treatment Ki-67 and post-treatment Ki-67 were not independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. The RFS was significantly different between patients whose Ki-67 was reduced and those not reduced for Luminal B (81.4 vs. 50.0 %, p = 0.006), Triple negative (74.8 vs. 43.5 %, p = 0.006) and HER2 (82.7 vs. 59.0 %, p = 0.009). However, for Luminal A, the difference in RFS was not associated with changes of Ki-67 (78.8 vs. 75.3 %, p = 0.193). Ki-67 change between pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in patients of Luminal B, Triple negative, and HER2 subtypes. Pre-treatment Ki-67 and post-treatment Ki-67 were not independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis.     

Ki-67表达与Ⅱ/Ⅲ期乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效及预后的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中Ki-67 抗原（简称 Ki-67）表达与新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)疗效的关系。寻找新辅助化疗有效的预测因子。方法:选取我院2012年6月至2017年6月收治的112例接受NAC治疗的Ⅱ/Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者作为研究对象。使用免疫组化方法检测NAC治疗前乳腺癌患者的Ki-67表达情况，化疗2~4周期后评估临床疗效。分析乳腺癌中Ki-67的表达与临床病理学特征的关系以及Ki-67的表达与NAC疗效的关系。结果:原发性乳腺癌组织中Ki-67的高表达率为65.18%，Ki-67的高表达与病理组织学分级（P=0.017）有关。Ki-67高表达的患者新辅助化疗后获得临床完全缓解（cCR）+临床部分缓解（cPR）的比率（89.0%）明显高于Ki-67低表达的患者新辅助化疗后获得cCR+cPR的比率（61.5%）（P=0.001）。中位随访时间 37个月，Ki-67高表达患者的无病生存时间（DFS）低于Ki-67低表达的患者（P=0.023），Ki-67高表达患者的总生存时间（OS）低于Ki-67低表达的患者（P=0.040）。结论:Ki-67的高表达与乳腺癌恶性程度密切相关，并可作为预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗敏感度及预后的独立指标。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效及其与生物标志物检测水平变化的相关性

目的:探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效及其与生物标志物检测水平变化的相关性。方法:通过对乳腺癌新辅助化疗患者疗效的评估以及空心针穿刺标本和手术标本的免疫组织化学染色比较,分析新辅助化疗疗效与生物标志物改变情况,以及二者的关系、影响因素。结果:在76例新辅助化疗的患者中,达到病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者有14例(18.4%),临床有效率达75.00%。对新辅助化疗疗效的相关因素分析,发现雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）状态与疗效相关（P均<0.05）。进一步对14例达到pCR患者的生物标志物进行分析,ER阴性的患者有10例(71.4%)、PR阴性的患者有9例(64.3%)。对比生物标志物,发现新辅助化疗患者Ki-67改变差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而ER、PR、p53改变情况差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论:新辅助化疗具有较高的临床缓解率,新辅助化疗疗效与ER、PR状态有关,ER、PR表达较弱者相对较容易达到pCR,并且新辅助化疗后患者生物标志物只有Ki-67改变。     

Ki-67表达水平检测在乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效评估中的价值

目的:回顾性分析88例乳腺癌新辅助化疗前、后Ki-67在肿瘤组织的表达情况,探讨Ki-67表达与新辅助化疗疗效的关系,评价其在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的预测作用.方法:选取2015年9月至2016年9月河北医科大学第四医院乳腺中心收治的88例Ⅱ-Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者,检测新辅助化疗前空芯针穿刺肿瘤组织及术后标本中Ki-67的表达,分析其与新辅助化疗疗效及临床相关病理因素的关系.结果:新辅助化疗的临床总有效率为59.09%(52/88),Ki-67高表达组对化疗敏感,化疗效果明显优于Ki-67低表达组(P<0.05);新辅助化疗可明显降低Ki-67的高表达率(P<0.01);新辅助化疗后Ki-67表达下降组化疗有效率显著高于其他组(P<0.05).结论:Ki-67在乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达可作为新辅助化疗疗效临床评价指标之一,预测新辅助化疗的疗效,为个体化治疗提供依据.     

A pilot study of the effects of short-term tamoxifen therapy on Ki-67 labelling index in women with primary breast cancer

In this study we demonstrate the change in estrogen receptor (ER) level and cell proliferation in human breast cancer after a short-term tamoxifen therapy. Ten pre- and post-treatment breast tumor samples were examined immunohistochemically using ER and Ki-67 antibodies. Before tamoxifen treatment, six (60%) of ten patients were positive for ER. Tamoxifen increased the ER level in one patient and decreased the level in 4 patients. There was no significant change in ER level by tamoxifen therapy. On the other hand, Ki-67 labelling index (LI) significantly decreased after tamoxifen treatment. When Ki-67 LI was analyzed according to ER level, there was no difference between pre- and post-tamoxifen treatment in ER-negative patients, however, a significant decrease of Ki-67 LI by tamoxifen treatment was seen in ER-positive patients. Patients who showed down-regulation of ER expression tended to show a decrease of Ki-67 LI after tamoxifen therapy. In conclusion, short-term tamoxifen therapy decreased the proliferation of breast cancer, in ER-positive breast tumor samples.     

MCM7和Ki-67在乳腺癌中的表达及其与新辅助化疗关系的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后MCM7和Ki-67蛋白的表达状况,分析其与化疗疗效的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法检测55例乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后标本中MCM7和Ki-67的表达。结果新辅助化疗有效率为76.4%。化疗前MCM7和Ki-67蛋白阳性表达均显著高于化疗后（P〈0.01）;化疗前MCM7蛋白阳性表达显著高于Ki-67（P〈0.01）。化疗有效组（42例）MCM7蛋白阳性表达显著高于无效组（13例）（P〈0.01）,而Ki-67蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。化疗前MCM7、Ki-67表达呈正相关（r=0.58,P〈0.01）。结论ET方案新辅助化疗有较好的疗效,可能通过抑制MCM7、Ki-67蛋白的表达阻止乳腺癌细胞的增殖。MCM7蛋白高表达者化疗更敏感,MCM7可作为临床指导乳腺癌化疗并预测化疗敏感性的分子生物学指标之一。     

SUVmax、Ki-67、p53、EGFR对三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的预测价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT化疗前SUVmax、Ki-67、p53、EGFR对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）及非三阴性乳腺癌（非TNBC）对新辅助化疗完全病理缓解（pathologic complete response, pCR）率的预测价值。方法 初治TNBC患者27例,非TNBC患者184例,在新辅助化疗前行18F-FDG PET/CT显像并测量其SUVmax,取化疗前乳腺肿瘤组织进行Ki-67、p53、EGFR免疫组织化学分析并计算化疗后完全pCR率。结果 TNBC新辅助化疗前的SUVmax明显高于非TNBC的SUVmax（P=0.045）,TNBC新辅助化疗后pCR率明显高于非TNBC（P＜0.001）。在TNBC以及非TNBC中,达到pCR组的化疗前SUVmax与未达到pCR组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Ki-67、p53、EGFR阳性表达组的pCR率与阴性表达组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 TNBC对新辅助化疗的敏感度高于非TNBC,且TNBC化疗前SUVmax高于非TNBC,提示TNBC具有较高的能量代谢。化疗前SUVmax以及Ki-67、p53、EGFR不能预测TNBC及非TNBC新辅助化疗的pCR。     

Topoisomerase II alpha expression and the Ki-67 labeling index correlate with prognostic factors in estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor type-2-negative breast cancer

Background

Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo IIa) is involved in DNA replication and is a molecular target for anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is an evaluation of tumor cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships among Topo IIa expression, the Ki-67 LI, and prognostic factors in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor type-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer.

Materials and methods

Seventy-one patients were diagnosed with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer between July 2003 and December 2004. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were stained for Topo IIa expression and Ki-67 LI. We investigated the correlation of the level of Topo IIa expression and the Ki-67 LI with clinical factors such as age, tumor size, progesterone receptor status, nodal status, nuclear grade, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI).

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between Topo IIa overexpression, nuclear grade (p?=?0.036), and LVI (p?=?0.029). Topo IIa overexpression was statistically correlated with the Ki-67 LI (p?p?=?0.01). Survival analysis revealed the significant prognostic value of Ki-67 LI in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (p?=?0.003).

Conclusions

Ki-67 LI is a strong prognostic factor in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Topo IIa overexpression was significantly correlated with the Ki-67 LI, nuclear grade, and LVI. These findings suggest use of Topo IIa expression as a proliferation marker and a prognostic factor in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.     

Response of Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Correlation between Ki-67 Expression and Pathological Response

Triple-negative breast cancers constitute about 15% of all cases, but despite their higher response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumors are very aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis as well as a higher risk of early recurrence. This study was retrospectively performed on 101 patients with stage II and III invasive breast cancer who received 6–8 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Out of the total, 23 were in the triple negative breast cancer subgroup. Nuclear Ki-67 expression in both the large cohort group (n=101) and triple negative breast cancer subgroup (n=23) and its relation to the pathological response were evaluated. The purpose of the study was to identify the predictive value of nuclear protein Ki-67 expression among patients with invasive breast cancers, involving the triple negative breast cancer subgroup, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in correlation to the rate of pathological complete response. The proliferation marker Ki-67 expression was highest in the triple negative breast cancer subgroup. No appreciable difference in the rate of Ki-67 expression in triple negative breast cancer subgroup using either a cutoff of 14% or 35%. Triple negative breast cancer subgroup showed lower rates of pathological complete response. Achievement of pathological complete response was significantly correlated with smaller tumor size and higher Ki-67 expression. The majority of triple negative breast cancer cases achieved pathological partial response. The study concluded that Ki-67 is a useful tool to predict chemosensitivity in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer but not for the triple negative breast cancer subgroup.     

Alterations of biomarker profiles after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: tumor heterogeneity should be taken into consideration

Tumor biomarkers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 are routinely tested in breast cancer patients and their status guides clinical management and predicts prognosis. A few retrospective studies have suggested that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer may change the status of biomarker expression, which in turn will affect further management of these patients. In this study we take advantage of a relatively large cohort and aim to study the effect of NAC on biomarker expression and explore the impact of tumor size and lymph node involvement on biomarker status changes. We collected 107 patients with invasive breast cancer who received at least three cycles of NAC. We retrospectively performed and scored the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 using both the diagnostic core biopsies before NAC and excisional specimens following NAC. HER2 gene status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for cases with IHC result of 2+. We demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in expression of PR (P = 0.013) and Ki-67 (P = 0.000) in post-NAC specimens compared to pre-NAC core biopsies. In addition, cases with large tumor size (≥2cm) and cases with lymph node metastasis were more frequently to have biomarker changes. Finally we studied cases with HER2 status changes after NAC treatments in detail and emphasized the nature of tumor heterogeneity.     

BCRP和Ki-67与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer resistance protein,BCRP)和Ki-67的表达与新辅助化疗疗效之间的关系.方法:回顾性分析我科2012 年10月至2014年8 月收治的Ⅱ-Ⅲ期乳腺癌新辅助化疗患者65例,采用免疫组化方法检测BCRP和Ki-67的表达,分析BCRP、Ki-67的表达水平与新辅助化疗疗效的关系.结果:原发性乳腺癌组织中BCRP的阳性表达率为67.7%.BCRP的表达水平与新辅助化疗后病理组织学反应有关,组织学显著反应组(病理反应4~5级)BCRP的表达水平明显低于非显著反应组(病理反应1~3级),差异有统计学意义(x2=12.77,P=0.001).化疗前Ki-67高表达组临床缓解率明显高于低表达组(x2=17.72,P<0.00). 结论: 联合检测乳腺癌组织中BCRP和Ki-67 的表达水平对新辅助化疗疗效有一定的预测价值.     

Ki-67 as a Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential value of Ki-67 in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients and to suggest a reasonable cutoff value for classifying Ki-67 expression.

Methods

This study included 74 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2007 and 2012. We analyzed the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics using core biopsy specimens obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy to determine their correlations with the response to chemotherapy.

Results

A clinical complete response was observed in 6 patients (8.1%); a clinical partial response, in 44 patients (59.5%); and clinical stable disease, in 24 patients (32.4%). A pathologic complete response (pCR) was observed in 10 patients (13.5%). In univariate analysis, estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p=0.031), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (p=0.040), and high Ki-67 expression (p=0.036) were predictive factors for a pCR. In multivariate analysis, Ki-67 was the only independent predictor of a pCR (p=0.049). The analysis of Ki-67 values revealed that 25% was a reasonable cutoff value for predicting the response to chemotherapy. In subgroup analysis, a higher Ki-67 value (≥25%) was a significant predictive factor for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially in ER-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Conclusion

Ki-67 expression in breast cancer tissue may be an effective factor for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We suggest that a 25% level of Ki-67 expression is a reasonable cutoff value for predicting a response to chemotherapy. Moreover, Ki-67 is a useful predictive factor for pCR, especially in patients with ER-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer.     

乳腺肿瘤中DNA含量、Ki-67指数、肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）的定量研究

 目的 探讨DNA含量、Ki-67指数、肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）在乳腺肿瘤中意义、相关关系及计算机图象分析技术在肿瘤研究中的应用。方法 运用计算机图像分析系统对60例乳腺癌、28例乳腺癌前病变、25例乳腺良性病变中Ki-67、MVD及DNA含量进行定量检测。结果 Ki-67标记指数、微血管密度、细胞DNA相对倍体均值（U值）按乳腺良性病变、乳腺癌前病变及乳腺癌的顺序呈递增趋势，且随乳腺癌分级的增高而显著增高。结论 DNA相对倍体均值（U值）和Ki-67标记指数均能较好地反映肿瘤细胞增生活性。肿瘤MVD反映血管生成，是恶性实体性肿瘤生长和增殖的基础，是淋巴结转移的重要因素。计算机图像分析仪能够对肿瘤的组织切片进行多种参数的自动测量分析，为乳腺癌的自动化诊断及淋巴结转移判断提供方便。它将逐步应用到临床病理诊断工作中。     

Relationship between expression of ER,PR, Her-2, Ki-67 and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in breast cancer

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of estrogen re-ceptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2), Ki-67 and the ef ect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods:The expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 in 45 breast cancers which received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:The ef ective rates in ER negative and PR negative groups were higher than those in ER positive and PR positive groups (83.3%vs 59. 4%, 82.4%vs 60.6%). There was no significant dif erence of the ef ective rate between Her-2 overexpressed group and Her-2 non-overexpressed group (81.8%vs 64.1%), and the same thing happened between Ki-67 negative group and Ki-67 positive group (67.7%vs 63.2%). Conclusion:In the patients with breast cancer, ER, PR negative ones were more sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients may get more benefits from chemotherapy. ER, PR could be feasible markers for predicting the ef ective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

激素受体和HER-2及Ki-67预NSL腺癌新辅助化疗疗效价值的分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）及Ki-67的表达状态对新辅助化疗反应的预测作用以及化疗前后其表达差异对疗效的影响。方法：免疫组织化学方法检测新辅助化疗前后118例乳腺癌组织的ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67的表达情况,并分析其与新辅助化疗疗效的关系。结果：118例新辅助化疗乳腺癌病例中,ER-和PR-组pCR分别为26．1％和27．1％,明显高于ER＋组11．1％和PR＋组6．8％,P-0．003。HER-2和Ki-67的表达对新辅助化疗疗效无显著影响。新辅助化疗前ER、PR与Ki-67的表达呈明显负相关,P〈0．001;新辅助化疗后Ki-67的高表达病例数显著减少,P-0．001。结论：ER-／PR-的患者对新辅助化疗更为敏感,Ki-67在化疗后发生了显著下调,提示新辅助化疗能降低肿瘤的增殖活性。ER、PR及Ki-67可以作为新辅助化疗疗效的预测指标。     

Evaluation of ER,PgR, HER-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and nm23-H1 as predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of biological markers to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant docetaxel plus epirubicin combination chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients with LABC who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) with docetaxel and epirubicin from March 2006 to March 2009 were included in this retrospective study. The pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) treatment expression levels and changes of Ki-67 proliferation index, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), cyclin D1, and nm23-H1 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pCR rate was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.3–12.9%). In univariate analysis, poor tumor differentiation, OR after 2 cycles of NCT, both negative of ER/PgR, negative HER-2, positive cyclin D1, and positive nm23-H1 were found to be significantly predictive of a pCR. Histological grade and ER/PgR status were significant for pCR on multivariate analysis (P = 0.023 and 0.003, respectively). The expression levels of cyclin D1 (median, 8% vs. 9%; P = 0.016) after NCT treatment increased significantly, while the median Ki-67 proliferation index was dramatically decreased after NCT treatment from 35 to 15% (P = 0.036). However, after a Bonferroni adjustment, only the difference of Ki-67 proliferation index was still significant (P = 0.026). Histological grade and ER/PgR status are independent predictive factors of pCR to neoadjuvant docetaxel plus epirubicin combination chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Expression of HER-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and nm23-H1 were not predictive for pCR.

     

Changes in PgR and Ki-67 in residual tumour and outcome of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

We collected information on 904 consecutive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, between 1999 and 2011. The decrease of PgR and Ki-67 expression after preoperative chemotherapy has a prognostic role in breast cancer patients with residual disease.BackgroundLimited data are available on the prognostic value of changes in the biological features of residual tumours following neoadjuvant therapies in breast cancer patients.Patients and methodsWe collected information through the institutional clinical database on all consecutive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy, between 1999 and 2011. We selected patients who did not achieve pathological complete response at final surgery. All patients had a pathological evaluation, including ER, PgR, HER2 protein and Ki-67 expression carried out at the IEO both at diagnostic core biopsy and at final surgery.ResultsWe identified a total of 904 patients. The 5% of patients who were ER positive at diagnostic biopsy had ER-negative residual tumour at final surgery. For PgR expression, 67% of the patients, whose tumours had a PgR >20% at diagnostic biopsy had a PgR <20% at final surgery. The Ki-67 expression changed from >20% to <20% in 40% of the patients. At the multivariate analysis, the decrease of PgR-immunoreactive cells correlated with improved outcome in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–1.00, P 0.046]. In addition, the decrease of Ki-67 expression to <20% of the cells at final surgery was found to be associated with better outcome both in terms of DFS (HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.40–0.68 P < .0001) and overall survival (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.32–0.64, P < .0001).ConclusionThe decrease of PgR and Ki-67 expression after preoperative chemotherapy has a prognostic role in breast cancer patients with residual disease.     

血清HER2-ECD水平在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用价值分析

背景与目的：人类表皮生长因子受体-2（human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER2）是一种原癌基因所表达的蛋白,HER2阳性往往预示着肿瘤进展快、容易发生淋巴结或血道转移,对新辅助化疗不敏感,预后不佳。本研究通过对乳腺癌患者血清HER2胞外段（extracellular domain,ECD）水平与患者临床新辅助化疗的反应性的比较,来评估血清HER2-ECD在新辅助化疗评估中的价值。方法：收集507例乳腺癌患者的治疗前血清样本,利用χ2检验比较血清HER2-ECD与患者年龄、分期、组织雌激素受体、孕激素受体、Ki-67及HER2的关系,对其中48例HER2表达阳性的行新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者予以随访,单因素分析治疗前后血清HER2-ECD水平变化与新辅助化疗疗效之间的关系。结果：通过对507例患者血清HER2-ECD和临床病理特征的比较发现,在年龄>50岁、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、组织雌激素受体（-）、孕激素受体（-）、Ki-67>20%及HER2（+）的患者中血清HER2-ECD阳性率较高。对48例组织HER2阳性的患者随访发现,血清HER2-ECD在治疗2个周期后即出现大幅下降,从18.10 ng/mL（13.20~28.95 ng/mL）降低到11.20 ng/mL（9.80~12.75 ng/mL）（P<0.01）。对48例患者进行疗效评估发现,新辅助化疗2个周期后血清HER2-ECD阴性的患者其客观缓解率（94.7%,36/38）显著高于治疗后血清HER2-ECD阳性的患者（60.0%,6/10）（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌患者血清HER2-ECD升高与其年龄、分期、组织雌激素受体、孕激素受体及Ki-67相关,且新辅助化疗2个周期后的血清HER2-ECD水平对新辅助化疗的疗效有一定的评估作用。     

A Panel of Tumor Biomarkers to Predict Complete Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients is related to a favorable prognosis. The identification of early biomarkers predictive of pathological complete response would help optimize the multimodality management of the patients. A panel of 11 tumor-related proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the pretreatment biopsy of a group of locally advanced rectal cancer patients to identify early biomarkers of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A mono-institutional retrospective cohort of 95 stage II/III locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery was selected based on clinical–pathological characteristics and the availability of a pretreatment tumor biopsy. Eleven selected protein marker expression (MLH1, GLUT1, Ki67, CA-IX, CXCR4, COX2, CXCL12, HIF1α, VEGF, CD44, and RAD51) was investigated. The optimal cutoff values were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Classification and regression tree analysis was performed to investigate the biomarker interaction. Patients presenting either Ki-67 or HIF1α or RAD51 below the cutoff value, or CXCR4 or COX2 above the cutoff value, were more likely to get a pathological complete response. Classification and regression tree analysis identified three groups of patients resulting from the combination of Ki-67 and CXCR4 expression. Patients with high expression of Ki-67 had the lowest chance to get a pathological complete response (18%), as compared to patients with low expression of both Ki-67 and CXCR4 (29%), and patients with low Ki-67 and high CXCR4 expression (70%). Pretreatment Ki-67, CXCR4, COX2, HIF1α, and RAD51 in tumor biopsies are associated with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. A combined evaluation of Ki-67 and CXCR4 would increase their predictive potential. If validated, their optimal cutoff could be used to select patients for a tailored multimodality treatment.Key words: Rectal cancer, Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), Pathological complete response (pCR), Predictive biomarkers, Immunohistochemistry (IHC)