西北某地内镜下诊治小儿结直肠息肉的临床研究

目的探讨西北某地结肠镜对小儿结肠息肉的诊断和治疗价值。方法对2015年1月-2016年12月诊断的112例1~18岁患者的结肠镜检查及治疗资料进行回顾性分析。在该项研究中评估的临床变量包括:性别,年龄,症状,发病年龄的症状,息肉的识别年龄,间隔时间之间的症状和内镜诊断结肠息肉,结肠息肉和/或结直肠癌家族史。息肉的特征还包括:数量,形态类型,直径,组织学和分布。笔者对人口统计,临床过程,实验室检查结果,内镜和病理组织学特征,治疗和结果进行了分析。结果在112例患者中,年龄中位数为6.9岁,其中男占64.3%(72/112)。所有患者有便血的症状,只是小部分患者有腹痛症状、肛门息肉和腹泻。9.8%(11/112)轻度贫血,贫血的患者都有6个多月的便血症状,与息肉部位无关。91.9%(103/112)的患者被确定为幼年性息肉,炎性息肉为7.1%(8/112),0.9%(1/112)被确定为腺瘤。1.8%(2/112)的患者有结肠息肉的家族史,无结直肠癌家族史。结论该地区儿童结直肠息肉发病率较高。男性明显多于女性。小部分患者有家族性结直肠息肉病史无结直肠癌家族史。小部分便血患者有轻度贫血。息肉主要位于直肠和乙状结肠。幼年型息肉为主要病理类型,其次为炎性息肉和腺瘤。腺瘤可能位于直肠和乙状结肠以外的其他地方。     

1 000例电子结肠镜检查结果回顾性分析

目的:回顾性分析电子结肠镜的检查结果,为临床合理应用电子结肠镜提供指导意见。方法:选取我院2012年1月~2016年6月接受电子结肠镜检查的1 000例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对大肠病变的检出情况进行分析,归纳总结各类大肠病变的发病年龄、性别等特点。结果:1 000例患者经电子结肠镜检查共检出594例大肠病变,前三位疾病分别为结直肠息肉、结直肠炎、结直肠癌,在总检查人数中占比分别为27.30%、21.50%、5.90%。结直肠息肉、结直肠癌的发病年龄以中老年为主,结直肠炎的发病年龄以青年为主。结直肠息肉在男性中的发病率高于女性,结直肠炎、结直肠癌在男性中的发病率低于女性,P0.05。结论:电子结肠镜检查对大肠病变的筛查与诊断具有重要的价值,临床检查时应结合相关病变对高发人群实施加强电子结肠镜检查,以加强大肠病变的早期防治。     

1000例电子结肠镜检查结果的回顾性分析及临床研究

【】：目的：回顾性分析电子结肠镜的检查结果,为临床合理应用电子结肠镜提供指导意见。方法：选取我院2012年1月至2016年10月期间接受电子结肠镜检查的1000例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对大肠病变的检出情况进行分析,归纳总结各类大肠病变的发病年龄、性别等特点。结果：1000例患者经电子结肠镜检查共检出594例大肠病变,前三位疾病分别为结直肠息肉、结直肠炎、结直肠癌,占比分别为45.96%、36.20%、13.30%。结直肠息肉的发病年龄以中老年为主,结直肠炎的发病年龄以青年为主,结直肠癌的发病年龄以老年为主。结直肠息肉在男性中的发病率高于女性,结直肠炎、结直肠癌在男性中的发病率低于女性,P<0.05。结论：电子结肠镜检查对大肠病变的筛查与诊断具有重要的价值,临床检查时应结合相关病变对高发人群实施加强电子结肠镜检查,以加强大肠病变的早期防治。     

单、多发性结直肠息肉患者的人群特征比较

目的比较单、多发性结直肠息肉患者的人群特征。方法选取2012年10月至2014年3月行电子结肠镜检查并经病理活组织检查(活检)确诊为结直肠息肉的患者为调查对象,根据息肉数目分为单发性息肉组和多发性息肉组,收集患者的性别、年龄、BMI、饮食习惯、个人生活方式、烟酒嗜好、疾病史、手术史、家族史等人群特征资料。应用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析人群特征与多发性结直肠息肉的相关性。结果共收集241例患者,年龄≥50岁(OR=3.75)、吸烟(OR=3.73)与多发性结直肠息肉呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥50岁、吸烟为多发性结直肠息肉的危险因素。     

结肠镜联合腹腔镜诊治直肠癌合并结直肠息肉的探讨(附25例报告)

目的探讨直肠癌合并结直肠息肉的发生情况及腹腔镜结肠镜对直肠癌合并结直肠息肉的处理方法。方法回顾分析2003年1月～2006年12月该院25例直肠癌合并结直肠息肉行腹腔镜结肠镜处理患者的临床资料。结果直肠癌患者结肠镜检查结直肠息肉的检出率为24.10%,显著高于同期结肠镜检查结直肠息肉检出率的12.19%(P<0.01)。直肠癌行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术。腹腔镜直肠癌根治术术前、术中行结肠镜息肉摘除16例;术前结肠镜下注射亚甲蓝标记或术中结肠镜引导,腹腔镜行直肠癌根治术的同时行含息肉的结肠部分切除5例;直肠癌合并升结肠息肉恶变行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术同时行右半结肠切除1例;息肉靠近直肠癌一并行直肠癌根治性切除3例。结直肠息肉切除率100%,未出现并发症。25例术后随访0.5年～4.0年,2例死于肿瘤转移,23例存活,无肿瘤或息肉复发。结论直肠癌患者合并结直肠息肉的发生率较高。腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术术前或术中有必要行结肠镜检查,同时根据息肉情况选择结肠镜息肉切除或腹腔镜下息肉切除。     

结肠镜不同进镜次数对结直肠息肉检出率的影响及相关影响因素分析

目的 研究结肠镜不同进镜次数对结直肠息肉检出率的影响及相关因素分析.方法 纳入2015年12月-2020年12月328例接受结肠镜检查的患者作为研究对象,记录结直肠息肉检出率,比较不同进镜次数的息肉检出率.采用多因素Logistic分析探讨结肠镜漏诊的相关因素.结果 328例患者共发现368枚结直肠息肉.284例患者首...     

结肠镜检查操作困难影响因素及解决方法

正结肠镜检查已广泛应用于肠道疾病诊治,也是结直肠疾病筛查的主要方法~([1-2])。结肠镜检查有助于及时发现和治疗癌前病变,如结直肠息肉和腺瘤,从而有效降低结肠直肠癌发病率~[3]。结肠镜检查质量是保证结肠镜筛查结果有效性的关键。目前,评价结肠镜检查质量的指标包括插管成功率、撤镜时间、肠道准备质量、腺瘤检出率等~[1]。结肠镜检查操作失败有可能     

直肠Dieulafoy病漏诊多次手术反思

目的探讨混合痔并直肠Dieulafoy病的临床特点,以减少漏诊。方法对我院收治的1例混合痔并直肠Dieulafoy病的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本例为68岁男性,因间断便血、肛门坠胀感1年余入当地肛肠专科医院,按混合痔在骶管麻醉下行外剥内扎术,术后反复便血,按术后出血再次手术2次,均未能有效止血及确定出血原因。入我院后仍按痔术后出血进行手术,术中补充诊断直肠Dieulafoy病,予缝扎处理,痊愈出院,随访1年未见复发。结论直肠Dieulafoy病临床少见,病变微小,与混合痔并存时诊断困难;对反复下消化道出血而无其他症状者,应疑及本病,应行进一步检查以明确诊断。     

结肠阳性造影CT仿真肠镜对结肠息肉诊断价值

目的 评价结肠阳性造影CT仿真结肠镜用于诊断结直肠息肉的价值.方法 57例疑似或确诊后复查的结直肠息肉患者纳入研究,所有患者先进行结肠阳性对比剂充盈下CT仿真结肠镜检查,然后患者再行电子肠镜检查,影像科医生及内镜医生均在盲法干预下出具各自检查报告,由第三方统计人员统计CT仿真肠镜对结直肠息肉诊断的符合率.结果 以电子肠镜为金标准,则CT仿真结肠镜患者检出敏感度为95.23 %,特异度为 93.33 %;电子肠镜共检出90例息肉,仿真结肠镜共检出125例息肉.仿真结肠镜发现直径在0.3 cm以上的病灶93处,电子内镜有 90 处,对所有检出直径在0.3 cm以上病灶进行点对点比较,二者的吻合率为86.67 %,仿真结肠镜诊断的假阳性率为16.67 %,假阴性率为13.33 %.结论 阳性对比剂充盈下仿真结肠镜能提高结肠息肉的诊断效率.     

多排螺旋ct的结肠仿内镜技术(ctve)对结、直肠疾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT的结肠仿内镜技术(CTVE)对结、直肠疾病的诊断价值.材料与方法:通过对60例临床高度怀疑结、直肠疾病的患者分别进行CTVE、常规结肠镜(CC)检查.比较CTVE对结、直肠的肿瘤、息肉、溃疡及炎症疾病的显示效果.探讨多排螺旋CT的结肠仿内镜技术对结、直肠疾病的诊断价值.结果:58例受检者CTVE检出结、直肠癌符合率92.3％;检出息肉符合率91.7％;检出慢性结、直肠炎符合率81.8％;检出溃疡性结肠炎符合率33.3％;CTVE除对小溃疡诊断符合率较差外,对肿瘤、息肉、炎症均有很高的符合率.并运用X2检验得出相同的结论.结论:CTVE是一项安全、相对舒适、非创伤性和有发展潜能的结肠影像学检查新技术.是一种理想的非侵入性的检查方法.可作为结、直肠疾病的首选筛查手段加以推广.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.