无锡地区新生儿脐血汞和发汞相关性分析

目前,我国环境汞污染日趋严重,愈来愈引起人们的关注[1].但新生儿宫内汞暴露的研究甚少,我院2005年2月～2006年2月,对无锡地区宫内汞暴露现状及脐血汞和发汞的相关性进行研究,迄今为止已完成63例新生儿脐血汞和发汞配对检测,现报道如下.     

实验室汞污染引起慢性轻度汞中毒1例报道

实验室汞污染引起的慢性轻度汞中毒,患者临床上出现头痛、头晕、全身乏力、手抖、睡眠欠佳、性格改变等症状,并有口腔溃疡、手颤(+)、尿汞增高,经驱汞治疗后症状减轻,诊断慢性轻度汞中毒。     

渔民与农民发汞含量的初步调查分析

近年来,我们调查了住居本地三年以上的渔民头发中的汞含量,与离海较远的农民的发汞作了调查比较。在20～40岁健康男性渔民、农民中采样239份,样品经硝酸—硫酸消化后,用“590”测汞仪测定,发汞平均值±标准误:119名渔民为1.35(±0.088)ppm,农民为0.58(±0.046)ppm,前者显著高于后者(t=     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定人发中砷与汞效果评价

目的探讨测定人发中砷和汞的最佳测定方法。方法采用微波消解氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中的砷和汞。结果在最佳条件下砷最低检出限为0.0731g/L,汞最低检出限为0.0394g/L,回收率分别为砷1.9%,汞1.5%。结论该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏度高、干扰少、线性范围宽等优点。     

我国医药行业汞污染防治工作的思考

目的 为我国医药行业汞污染防治工作提供参考.方法 分析医药行业中汞和汞化合物的使用和防治工作现状.结果与结论 减少汞和含汞化合物的使用是必然的发展趋势,只有减少使用,加强汞污染的防治,才能减少汞对人体的危害和环境的污染.     

令人担忧的医用汞污染

目的我国是用汞大国,也是全球大气汞污染最为严重的区域之一。作者分析了汞污染对人体的危害,并以四川大学华西医院水银体温计、水银血压计的年消耗量为例,论述了不可忽视医院医用汞污染对医院病区环境的危害。方法通过对1995年和2000年我国全国用汞量,2002～2003年我国水银温度计的生产量和2005年～2009华西医院实际水银温度计消耗量的数据分析,说明医用汞引起的环境污染严重。结果我国医用汞污染是造成环境汞污染的重要组成部分,应采用强力措施尽快治理。结论完善对医院的临床护理人员的操作培训,加强依法监管,逐步减少直至不再使用水银温度计是减少医院汞污染的有力措施。     

个旧地区正常人尿砷、发砷、尿汞、发汞、发铅和发锰值的调查

本文对个旧地区的老厂、松矿、马矿、大屯四个非污染区,居住10年以上的正常人(四个非污染区环境中的砷汞铅锰都在容许标准之下)及建水(对照组)等500余人进行调查,其中有工人、农民,干部和城镇居民。按经验分布函数取95％可信限,其位分别是:尿砷0.1546mg/L,发砷0.1417mg/L,尿汞0.0093mg/L,发汞0.2769mg/100g,     

广东省川山群岛社区渔民潜水知识和健康状况调查

目的 了解广东省川山群岛社区渔民的潜水知识和健康状况.方法 对74名男性青壮年潜水渔民进行健康状况问卷调查回收率93.2%(69/74).结果 55人(80%)未掌握潜水病知识.渔民出现最多的潜水减压病症状是关节肌肉疼痛34人(49%),因为经济困难等多方面的因素影响渔民就医.SF-36量表8项维度的评分中,RP、BP、GH、RE显著低于常模,提示渔民的生理和一部分心理功能生存质量低下.结论 川山群岛社区69个渔民职业相关的健康问题为本社区潜水职业病的防治规划提供了初步的依据.     

实习生对汞危害认知调查

临床工作中,测量血压是医护人员的重要工作之一。目前无论在医院或是学校乃至家庭,汞柱式血压计是国内主要的血压测量器材,但是血压计使用不当易造成汞溢出,有汞中毒的危险。本文对某大学60名尚未进行临床实习的在校专科护士生进行了问卷调查,旨在了解在校护士生对汞危害的认知程度,为学校和医院对在校护士加强相关汞知识教育的必要性提供参考和借鉴,防止汞泄露对人体与环境造成危害。     

儿童发锌参值与饮食营养关系的探讨

为掌握本地儿童发锌正常参考值及缺锌与儿童偏、厌食等营养的关系，笔者于１９９８年３～５月对县幼儿园儿童进行了头发锌含量检测，对儿童饮食情况进行调查，现将有关情况总结探讨如下。１资料与方法１．ｌ资料县幼儿园３．２～５．５岁儿童共５６９人，其中男２９８人，女２７１人，平均４．５岁，经访问学生家长，其中９９人有偏、厌食习惯。１．２方法使用惠普３５１０原子吸收分光光度计。发样经清洗、干燥后取０．ｌ～０．３ｇ用］：４高氨酸——硝酸进行湿法消化，消化完全后用去离子水定容至２５ｍｌ容量瓶中。用原子吸收分光光度计…     

Validity of methyl mercury hair analysis: mercury monitoring in human scalp/nude mouse model

OBJECTIVE: The grafting of human scalp hair was used as a new application of this method to explore methyl mercury incorporation into human hair and to validate this model for mercury monitoring in hair. METHODS: Human scalp grafts were transplanted to athymic BALB/c nude mice. The animals were exposed to methyl mercury either as a single dose i.p. or continuously for 4 months, using ALZET osmotic pumps. The mercury concentration in hair was determined using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry by segmental (2 mm) analysis of a single strand, and tissue concentrations were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption analysis. RESULTS: Human scalp hair grown in nude mice showed long-term persistence of human features including the expression of histocompatibility antigens (KAB 3, W 6/32, SF 1-1.1.1) and normal hair morphometry. The disposition of methyl mercury in nude mice followed a one-compartment model with a whole body elimination half-life of 6.7 days (elimination constant, k = 0.1/day). Autoradiographic studies revealed that methyl mercury was rapidly incorporated into areas of the hair follicle undergoing active keratinization. Methyl mercury concentrations in human hair transplanted onto nude mice were two orders of magnitude higher than in blood and attained a mean hair: blood ratio of 217 : 1, similar to ratios reported only in human studies. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that human hair grown on nude mice can record the level of exposure to methyl mercury and can serve as a valuable research tool to study mercury incorporation into human hair.     

Influence of bleaching and coloring on ethyl glucuronide content in human hair

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is increasingly used in forensic toxicology as a marker for alcohol use in analyses of hair samples, especially in abstinence control. Some cosmetic treatments are considered to markedly reduce the EtG content. In view of especially many women with coloured hair the present study was performed to further investigate the effect of a variety of colouring procedures (bleaching, tinting, permanent and semi‐permanent dyeing, henna) on the EtG content. Untreated hair samples (n = 12, EtG 13.9–64.7 pg/mg) were re‐analyzed (gas chromatography‐ negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry, 0.8 pg/mg quantification limit) after different treatment procedures. A decrease of the EtG content of at least 10% occurred in every case. The reduction in comparison to the untreated hair was expectedly high for permanent dyeing and bleaching with 18.1% of the initial content (median, range 0.0–50.9%) and 18.4% (0.0–46.7%), respectively. For henna this was 38.3% (0.0–83.0%), for tinting 70.4% (29.0–90.8%), for semi‐permanent dyeing 41.9% (0.0–77.4%). With permanent hair dye the EtG content was decreased to below 7 pg/mg in 10 of 12 cases, in 3 cases even below the LOD (0.2 pg/mg). Surprisingly henna treatment without oxidative component had a marked influence, EtG was below 2 pg/mg in 2 of 12 samples. The study showed that all tested coloration procedures markedly affected the deposited EtG content. Even temporary or henna coloration may have a marked effect. The present data support the recommendation to exclude hair samples with colour manipulations for analysis on the EtG content as a precaution in alcohol abstinence programs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

佳木斯市2690例小学生发铁含量分析

通过对佳木斯市2690例小学生（7－14岁）发铁含量分析，得出患儿组较正常组、患儿组女性较男性发铁偏低率显著偏高，说明发铁偏低是多种疾病产生的因素之一，此外小学生（7－14）岁女性因缺铁引起的多种疾病尤为突出，应引起家长的重视．     

An observation on the mercury contents of scalp hair in the urban residents of South Korea

The average value of total mercury (THg) in scalp hair of male residents in Seoul city was 1.7±0.18 ppm (mean±S.E.) and that of methylmercury (MeHg), 1.0±0.12 ppm (58.8% THg). In female, level of THg was 1.1±0.15 ppm and MeHg was 0.5±0.14 ppm (45.5%). Mercury was found more in the scalp hair of male than female (P<0.01). THg/MeHg increased with age of subjects in male (P<0.01), but not female. Coefficients of correlation (r) between THg and MeHg contents in scalp hair of male was +0.877 (P<0.01) and that of female was +0.508 (P<0.01), respectively.     

Mercury content in marketed cosmetics: analytical survey in Shijiazhuang,China

Context: Mercury is one of the skin-lightening ingredients in cosmetics as mercury ions are thought to inhibit the synthesis of the skin pigment melanin in melanocyte cells.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mercury levels of cosmetics currently marketed in Shijiazhuang, a northern city in China.

Methods: We collected 146 random cosmetic samples and analyzed for mercury concentrations or levels by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.

Results: Among the 146 samples, 134 (91.8%) were positive for mercury, and the concentrations of mercury ranged from not detectable to 592?ng/g. Cosmetic samples for children and babies had the highest detection rate (100%), followed by shampoo and hair conditioner (92.3%) and skin-lightening cream (92.0%). All of them were lower than the acceptable limit (1?μg/g) in China.

Discussion and conclusions: Cosmetics for skin had the highest mean mercury content (45?ng/g), followed by hair products (42.1?ng/g). The concentrations of mercury detected in samples were lower than the current legal limit in China, indicating it may not pose a risk to consumers.     

朱砂在不同消化液中溶出汞的含量测定及影响因素分析

目的:测定朱砂在消化液中不同形态汞的含量,分析影响汞溶出的因素。方法:采用化学消化-原子吸收光谱法,考察胃肠道中存在的各种化学因素(酸度、胃蛋白酶、硫化钠、单质硫、氯化钠、氯化钾离子浓度等)对朱砂不同形态溶出的影响,并与纯品硫化汞做对比。结果:pH对朱砂中汞的溶出量有较大的影响,朱砂在人工肠液中溶解极少,含Na2S及单质硫对朱砂中汞溶出量的影响显著,溶液离子(Na+、K-)、胃蛋白酶对朱砂溶出影响很小。结论:朱砂在消化液中的不同形态汞(无机态、有机态、离子态)的溶出量与HgS含量、酸度、硫化物有关。     

Assessment of mercury concentrations in small mammals collected near Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Mercury concentrations in liver and hair tissue were determined for five species of small mammals captured near Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. These data were then used to evaluate the suitability of using hair as a noninvasive technique for determining body burdens of mercury. A total of 104 small mammals were captured and analyzed; four main species were examined and included: Dipodomys merriami, Chaetodipus penicillatus, Peromyscus eremicus, and Neotoma lepida. Mean mercury concentrations were highest in N. lepida, followed by D. merriami, C. penicillatus, and P. eremicus respectively. Positive associations were found between hair and liver taken from D. merriami (r = 0.647) and C. penicillatus (r = 0.533) indicating that hair may be a suitable indicator of body burdens in these two species.     

朱砂及其制剂中汞的分析方法研究进展

朱砂为我国常用药材,主要成分为硫化汞（HgS）。由于汞为剧毒化合物,因此朱砂及其相关成药的安全问题一直备受关注。查阅现有文献,归纳总结朱砂及其制剂中汞的分析研究进展,包括总汞、单质汞、可溶性汞的测定及形态分析;并探讨了现有技术的特点,并对今后的发展做出展望,为朱砂及其制剂的科学评价和合理应用提供参考。     

蒙药孟根-乌苏-18中汞含量及溶出特性研究&

目的:用不同介质提取,分析蒙药孟根-乌苏-18中汞含量和溶出特性。方法:实验采用双光数显测汞仪分别测定原蒙药、提取液以及悬浮态中的汞含量。结果:孟根-乌苏-18中汞的总含量为6.385 mg·g-1,远远超出国家标准(0.0002 mg·g-1),但溶出率很低,二次蒸馏水中溶出率在0.003%～0.005%之间,模拟胃液中溶出率在0.006%～0.009%之间。本方法的线性范围在0～10 ng·mL-1,RSD=3.45%,加标回收率在90.2%～93.7%之间。结论:本方法可以测定蒙药复方中的汞含量,方法简便、可行、重复性和稳定性较好,结果显示两种介质中的溶出率都在0.003%～0.009%之间。     

Levels of organic and inorganic mercury in human blood predicted from measurements of total mercury

The toxicologically relevant mercury species inorganic and organic Hg in blood are frequently determined by separate measurements of total Hg and of inorganic Hg, with their difference indicating organic Hg. It is shown that the different partition of inorganic and organic Hg between erythrocytes and plasma (e/p ratio) can be used to calculate the concentrations of either Hg species in either blood constituent from measurement of total Hg only. This was tested on the blood of different groups of volunteers. The calculated concentrations of inorganic and organic Hg in cells and plasma were then compared by linear regression with their previously measured counterparts. An accurate prediction has been found for individual levels of inorganic Hg in plasma and organic Hg in cells. These calculated levels were little affected by variations of the e/p ratios. The coincidence between calculated and measured levels of inorganic Hg in cells and organic Hg in plasma was more sensitive to alterations of the e/p ratios. In conclusion, the relevant concentrations of inorganic Hg in plasma and organic Hg in cells can reliably be calculated from measurements of total Hg and from assumed e/p ratios. This means a sizeable reduction of analytical work, and also provides specific information in cases of low-level co-exposure to both Hg species. Besides the possibility to introduce automated analyses of total Hg in mercury speciation in blood, the proposed calculation scheme has the potential to easily enlarge the data base in epidemiological and toxicological surveys of mercury exposure.