2004年洛阳市40家饭店凉菜间卫生状况调查

[目的]了解洛阳市饭店凉菜间卫生状况，进一步改善洛阳市餐饮业凉菜间卫生状况，防止食物中毒或其他食源性疾病的发生。[方法]2004年6月依据《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》等相关法律、国家标准，对洛阳市40家饭店凉菜问基础卫生设施、公共用具进行调查。并对凉菜进行采样检测。[结果]凉菜间基础卫生设施比较齐全但消毒措施不到位，从业人员手部带菌率17．5％。凉菜合格率为91．7％。在不合格的10份样品中，单纯亚硝酸盐含量超标2份，大肠菌群或菌落总数超标8份。120份样品均未检测出致病菌。[结论]洛阳市饭店凉菜间卫生设施较好，应严格消毒制度，建立健全企业卫生组织制度和岗位责任制。     

开封市餐饮业凉菜间卫生状况调查

[目的]了解开封市餐饮业凉菜间卫生状况,以采取有针对性的改进措施,防止食物中毒事件的发生.[方法]依据<餐饮业及集体用餐配送单位卫生规范>要求,对开封市56家餐饮单位凉菜间的消毒、冷藏等基础卫生设施配置及使用及卫生管理等情况进行调查,并并随机抽取所使用工具、容器、从业人员手部及凉菜进行采样检测.[结果]开封市餐饮业凉菜间基础卫生设施比较齐全,但卫生管理不到位,凉菜间刀、案板、抹布、菜盘检测合格率分别为70.0(35/50)、76.0(38/50)、54.0%(29/50)、94.0%(47/50).从业人员手部带菌率16.0%.138份凉菜样品中,合格92份,合格率为66.7%.在不合格的46份样品中,单纯亚硝酸盐含量超标2份,大肠菌群或菌落总数超标41份,2份检出金黄色葡萄球菌,1份检出沙门菌,其他致病菌未检出.[结论]应进一步完善凉菜间基础卫生设施,加强从业人员卫生知识和消毒操作等培训,严格消毒等管理制度.     

南通市区餐饮单位凉菜间食品安全现况调查

目的了解南通市餐饮单位凉菜间的食品安全现况,对造成熟食凉菜不合格的影响因素进行分析,为进一步强化南通市餐饮单位凉菜间的食品安全监管提供依据。方法分层抽取南通市区60家提供熟食凉菜的餐饮单位,采用横断面调查研究方法,设计现场调查表,对其凉菜间进行现场调查;采用单纯随机抽样方法,采集熟食凉菜样品送检;食品加工用具容器进行清洁度（ATP）现场快检。结果南通市无证和超许可范围从事凉菜加工的餐饮单位有7家,占总数的11.67%。小型餐馆的凉菜间功能布局、卫生设施设备、卫生措施合格率分别为80.00%、65.00%、20.00%,大型餐馆合格率分别为100.00%、100.00%、76.92%。熟食凉菜实验室检测合格率为40.33%,其中大肠菌群阳检率为57.67%。涉及食品加工环节的用具容器现场快检合格率为70.00%,其中小型餐馆合格率仅为42.73%。结论南通市大中型餐馆的凉菜间食品安全状况好于小型餐馆,部分餐馆尤其是小型餐馆凉菜间食品安全状况有待提高。凉菜间餐饮服务许可、功能布局和硬件设施情况较好,而食品加工环节存在卫生操作不合理,食品加工过程控制不严格等问题,需进一步通过加强从业人员卫生知识培训,规范食品加工环节安全管理,强化日常监督等措施来解决。     

2005年青岛市市区部分餐饮单位凉菜间卫生状况调查

[目的]了解青岛市餐饮业凉菜间的卫生状况。[方法]依据《餐饮业及集体用餐配送单位卫生规范》要求对30家餐饮单位凉菜间进行现场卫生学调查,随机抽取15家单位凉菜间检测大肠菌群。[结果]30家餐饮单位凉菜间入口处设有二次更衣洗手消毒设施的有6家,均为大型餐饮单位。紫外线辐照强度合格率为16.67%,室内温度合格率为63.33%。凉菜间工具、容器、抹布、从业人员手检测大肠菌群合格率以大型餐饮单位最高为94.44%、中型次之为67.62%、小型餐饮单位合格率最低为33.33%。[结论]青岛市市区部分中小餐饮单位凉菜间存在卫生问题较多,大型餐饮单位好于中小型餐饮单位。     

乌鲁木齐市餐饮业凉菜间卫生学调查

目的了解乌鲁木齐市餐饮业凉菜间的卫生状况,为进一步强化凉菜间的卫生安全监管工作,有效地预防食源性疾病的发生提供依据。方法随机抽取乌鲁木齐市区74家餐饮服务经营单位,对其凉菜间卫生设施及紫外线灯的空气消毒情况进行卫生学调查,并对凉菜间内的食品加工工具、餐具等进行了占39．19％;紫外线消毒灯设置与使用不规范的有25家;占33．78％;大、中型餐饮服务经营单位的凉菜食大肠菌群检测。结果未经许可进行凉菜加工和供应的有23家,占31．08％;凉菜加工操作不规范29家,品加工工具及餐具的大肠菌群检出率较低,分别为9．18％和17．50％,小型餐饮服务经营单位大肠菌群检出率较高,达到57．41％。结论大中型餐饮服务经营单位的凉菜加工间卫生整体状况较好,小型餐饮服务经营单位凉菜加工间卫生较差。要切实加大对凉菜食品监管工作力度,进一步加强对餐饮业主管负责人及从业人员的卫生知识培训和宣传教育工作,狠抓餐饮业单位的食品安全制度落实,严把凉菜食品加工卫生安全关,餐饮单位要认真对待和积极整改食品安全隐患和食品安全问题,确保就餐者的饮食安全和身体健康。     

食品超市凉菜间卫生状况的调查

为了解食品超市凉菜间的卫生状况 ,贯彻实施《餐饮业食品卫生管理办法》。随机抽查 3 2间食品超市凉菜间 ,检查其基本卫生设施、卫生管理状况并进行卫生学检测。结果 65 .6%的凉菜间采用手动式开关水龙头 ,5 9.4%的凉菜间消毒水更换不及时 ,65 .63 %的消毒水有效氯浓度达不到卫生标准 ,5 9.4%的凉菜间食品存放温度条件不符合卫生要求 ,3 4.3 %的凉菜间操作人员手部大肠菌群为阳性。建议将手动式开关水龙头改为非手触式开关水龙头 ;加强从业人员卫生知识培训、严格卫生管理是改善食品超市凉菜间卫生状况的重要措施。     

商丘市睢阳区超市凉菜间卫生状况的调查

目的为了解超市凉菜间的卫生状况,贯彻实施《餐饮业食品卫生管理办法》,为进一步加强超市卫生管理提供科学依据。方法随机抽查了商丘市睢阳区32间超市凉菜间,检查其基本卫生设施、卫生管理状况并对空气、工具、容器、操作人员的手采样进行卫生学检测。结果65.6%的凉菜间采用手动式开关水龙头,59.4%的凉菜间消毒水更换不及时,65.3%的消毒水有效氯浓度达不到卫生标准,59.4%的凉菜间食品存放温度条件不符合要求,34.3%的凉菜间操作人员的手部大肠菌群为阳性。结论将手动式开关水龙头改为非手触式开关水龙头,加强从业人员卫生知识培训,严格卫生管理是改善超市凉菜间卫生状况的重要措施。     

建瓯市凉菜专间紫外线灯使用与空气污染状况调查

[目的]了解我市凉菜专间紫外线灯的安装和使用情况,探讨凉菜专间安装紫外线灯与空气污染状况的关系。[方法]紫外线强度检测仪测定紫外线强度,空气沉降法测定空气含菌量。[结果]监测42个凉菜专间,紫外线灯安装率78.8%;紫外线强度合格率74.2%;空气含菌量小于200 cfu/m3为19家;安装紫外线灯的专间空气含菌量平均280 cfu/m3,小于未安装的698 cfu/m3。[结论]我市凉菜专间紫外线灯使用管理有待加强,正确安装与使用,可降低专间内空气含菌量,有利于保障凉菜安全卫生。     

西安市部分星级酒店凉菜间自制熟肉制品卫生状况分析

目的为了解西安市星级酒店自制熟肉制品的卫生状况，消除隐患，预防食源性疾患和食物中毒事故的发生。方法随机对市管星级宾馆饭店凉菜间的自制熟肉制品进行抽样，检测项目为大肠菌群、菌落总数、致病菌（沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺菌）。结果152份自制熟肉制品，合格89份，不合格63份，合格率为58.55％。结论虽然星级酒店凉菜间自制熟肉制品卫生质量有所提高，但合格率仍较低，状况不容乐观。原因为凉菜间操作人员的卫生习惯不良，凉菜间卫生制度未得到严格执行等。措施为建立健全凉菜间卫生制度，并切实严格执行，加强操作人员卫生知识培训，加大监督管理力度。     

2005年荣成市市区干洗店卫生状况调查

[目的]了解荣成市市区干洗店的卫生状况.[方法]采用现场调查及实验室检验的方法.[结果]从业人员118名,均未进行预防性健康查体;检测各种样品289份,合格37份,合格率为6.40%;大肠菌群合格率为82.35%,细菌总数合格率为12.80%,致病菌未检出.[结论]荣成市市区干洗店的卫生状况较差,各类物品污染严重.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.