64层螺旋CT多向调整多平面重组在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨64层CT多向调整多平面重组（MPR）在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用。方法病理证实的周围型肺癌32例,胸部扫描后行肿瘤靶重建及多向调整MPR重组与横断薄层重建图像对比。结果MPR对空泡征,深分叶征,血管集柬征的检出高于薄层重建图像。对毛刺征,胸膜凹陷征的检出与薄层重建图像无明显差别。叶间胸膜破坏征和充气支气管征的检出有明显优势。结论64层CT多向调整MPR有利于提高周围型肺癌征象的检出。     

螺旋CT多平面重建诊断周围型肺癌的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建技术(MPR)对周围型肺癌的诊断价值.材料和方法:分析100例经病理及临床证实的周围型肺癌螺旋CT的表现,利用三维成像软件以多层面重建法进行重建,比较横断位薄层图像与MPR图像对病灶深分叶、短毛刺、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、空泡征、细支气管气相等征象的显示率.结果:100例多平面重建图像显示清晰,与横断位薄层图像比较,MPR图像能明显提高深分叶、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、细支气管气相的显示率,并能减少"空泡征"的假阳性,对短毛刺征的显示率无明显改变.结论:多平面重建方法简单易行,能充分显示周围型肺癌的形态特征,为周围型肺癌影像学的诊断提供更多的信息.     

64层螺旋CT在周围型肺小腺癌诊断中的初步应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT对周围型肺小腺癌基本征象的显示及其诊断价值.资料与方法 64层CT扫描并经病理证实的周围型肺小腺癌26例,分析薄层重组、多平面重组(MPR)及容积再现(VR)技术对周围型肺小腺癌的基本征象的显示率及价值,并与常规横断面对比分析.结果 (1)54层CT薄层重组、MPR及VR在显示肺小腺癌的分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征及支气管血管集束征方面优于常规横断面.(2)MPR及VR对于空泡征、支气管气相和支气管血管集束征的判别有优势.结论 64层CT通过薄层重组配合MPR、VR能够无服横断扫描限制,在不增加患者辐射剂量的情况下,能够更加细微、准确、立体、完整地显示肺小腺癌的基本征象,为周围型肺小腺癌的诊断提供更多信息.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建对小肺癌的基本征象检出

目的认识周围型小肺癌(SPLC)在多层螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)中的基本征象,探讨MPR配合多层螺旋CT对SPLC基本征象的检出作用. 资料与方法搜集病理证实的SPLC 31例,良性小结节22例.多层螺旋CT扫描后MPR处理,并与横断薄层扫描对比分析. 结果 (1)SPLC的分叶征,棘突,毛刺征和支气管血管集束征在MPR中检出率高于横断薄层扫描.(2)MPR对于空泡征、支气管气相和支气管血管集束征的判别有其优势.(3)MPR能较真实地测定病灶大小. 结论 MPR能克服横断扫描角度限制,配合最新的多层螺旋技术达到各向同性成像获得高分辨率图像,可以为SPLC的诊断提供更多信息.     

64层螺旋CT对周围型肺小腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT对周围型肺小腺癌基本征象的显示及价值。方法:经病理证实的周围型肺小腺癌26例,分析薄层重建、多平面重建(MPR)及容积显示(VR)技术对周围型肺小腺癌的基本征象的显示及价值,并与常规横断面对比分析。结果:①64层CT薄层重建、MPR及VR在显示肺小腺癌的分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征及支气管血管集束征方面优于常规横断面;②MPR及VR对于空泡征、支气管气相和支气管血管集束征的判别有优势。结论:64层CT通过薄层重建配合MPR、VR能够克服横断扫描限制,更加细微、准确、立体、完整地显示肺小腺癌的基本征象,为周围型肺小腺癌的诊断提供更多信息。     

多层螺旋CT薄层扫描MPR重建对周围型小肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT薄层扫描及MPR重建对周围型小肺癌的征象显示率及诊断价值.方法:对经手术病理证实的15例周围型小肺癌进行了多层螺旋CT常规扫描,并对病灶区域薄层重建及MPR多层面重建观察,8例行动态增强扫描.结果:薄层MPR重建对周围型小肺癌的征象显示率明显高于常规扫描,具体是:薄层MPR显示分叶征12例,常规扫描显示10例(12/10)、薄层MPR显示空泡征3例,常规扫描2例(3/2)、薄层MPR显示小结节堆砌征5例,常规扫描3例(5/3)、薄层MPR显示支气管通气征4例,常规扫描显示1例(4/1)、薄层MPR显示毛刺征9例,常规扫描显示5例(9/5)、薄层MPR显示胸膜凹陷征5例,常规扫描发现2例(5/2).结论:多层螺旋CT薄层扫描及MPR重建对周围型小肺癌的征象显示率高,可以弥补横断位图像显示肿瘤征象不全面的缺点,在诊断及鉴别诊断方面具有较高的临床应用价值.     

16层螺旋CT重建技术诊断周围型小肺癌临床价值分析

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT重建技术在周围型小肺癌（small peripheral lung cancer,SPLC）临床诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集2010年8月～2012年12月在我院经手术及病理证实的周围型小肺癌患者进行16层螺旋CT检查及MPR、SSD、SVR重建图像并进行分析,旨在提高对其CT征像的认识与诊断正确率.结果 采用MPR重建后对分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷、空泡征等征象检出率均高于薄层扫描,但是其中MPR重建后对分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征等征象检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（x2 =8.05、8.25、4.61,P%0.05）.采用SVR重建后无空泡征检出,而对分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷等征象检出率均高于薄层扫描,但是其中SVR重建后血管集束征检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（x2=7.01,P＜0.05）.采用SSD重建后无空泡征检出,而在显示周围型小肺癌分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷四项主要征象上敏感性均高于横断面薄层扫描,但是其中SSD重建后对胸膜凹陷检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（x2=5.07,P＜0.05）.结论对SPLC进行MPR、SSD、SVR等三种不同的图像后处理,对分叶征、血管集束征及胸膜凹陷征的显示敏感性显著提高.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建在周围型小肺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建在周围型小肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法采用多层螺旋CT多平面重建（multi-plan reconstruction,MPR）技术对经手术及病理证实的周围型小肺癌患者重建图像并进行分析。结果采用MPR重建后对分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷、空泡征等征象检出率均高于薄层扫描,但是其中MPR重建后对分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征等征象检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（x2=9.14、10.52、3.85,P〈0.05）。采用SSD重建后无空泡征检出,而在显示周围型小肺癌分叶征、细短毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷四项主要征象上敏感性均高于横断面薄层扫描,但是其中SSD重建后对分叶征和胸膜凹陷检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（x^2=4.51、6.01,P〈0.05）。结论多层螺旋技术达到各向同性成像获得高分辨率图像,对周围型小肺癌的诊断有着重要的临床价值。     

多层螺旋CT征象诊断周围型非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT征象在周围型非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）临床诊断中的应用价值。方法选择在我院经手术及病理证实的周围型非小细胞肺癌患者进行多层螺旋CT检查、多平面重建（multi-plan reconstruction,MPR）、表面遮盖显示（shaded surfaee display,SSD）、遮盖容积再现（shaded volume rendering,SVR）重建图像并进行分析,旨在提高对其CT征像的认识与诊断正确率。结果采用MPR重建后对分叶征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、空洞征、胸膜受侵征等征象检出率均高于薄层扫描,但是其中MPR重建后对分叶征、毛刺征、血管集束征等征象检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（X^2=4．05、4．66、4．61,Pd0．05）。采用SVR重建后无空洞征检出,而对分叶征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、胸膜受侵征等征象检出率均高于薄层扫描,但是其中SVR重建后血管集束征检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（X^2=7．O1,Pd0．05）。采用SSD重建后无空洞征检出,而在显示周围型非小细胞肺癌分叶征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、胸膜受侵征等主要征象上敏感性均高于横断面薄层扫描,但是其中SSD重建后对胸膜凹陷征检出率则明显高于薄层扫描,且差异具有统计学意义（X^2=5．07,P〈O．05）。结论对周围型非小细胞肺癌患者进行MPR、SSD、SVR等三种不同的图像后处理,对分叶征、血管集束征及胸膜凹陷征征的显示敏感性显著提高。     

MSCT 后处理技术诊断早期周围型小肺癌价值研究

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）后处理技术在诊断早期周围型小肺癌中的临床应用价值。方法：选择经手术和病理检查证实的早期周围型小肺癌30例,行MSCT平扫及增强扫描,并分别采用多平面重建（MPR）、表面遮盖成像（SSD）和最大密度投影（MIP）进行图像重组。比较各重组图像与横断薄层图像对周围型小肺癌结节及其周围特征的显示情况。结果：MPR对分叶征、血管集束征、空气支气管征及阻塞征的显示率,显著高于横断薄层图像（P〈0．05）;SSD对分叶征、血管集束征的显示率,显著高于横断薄层图像（P〈0．05）;MIP对血管集束征的显示率显著高于横断薄层图像（P〈0．05）。SSD、MIP对小空泡征、空气支气管征及阻塞征的显示率,分别显著低于横断薄层图像和MPR（P〈0．05）。结论：h／LSCT后处理图像较横断薄层图像能够更直观、清晰、全面地显示周围型小肺癌结节及其周围组织的基本形态特征,在诊断早期周围型小肺癌方面具有重要价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.