血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与脑血管疾病

血管紧张素I转换酶 (ACE)基因位于常染色体 1 7q2 3,包括 2 6个外显子和 2 5个内含子 ,对ACE基因多态性与脑血管疾病之间关系的多数研究提示此类基因多态性、D等位基因是脑血管病 ,特别是与高血压关系密切的缺血性脑梗塞的独立危险因素     

青海世居藏族载脂蛋白E基因多态性与脑血管病的关系

目的探讨青海世居藏族人群脑血管病患者载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)基因多态性与脑梗死和脑出血的关系。方法收集青海省人民医院、青海省果洛州人民医院、玉树州人民医院脑血管病患者共94例作为脑血管病组,其中脑梗死48例;脑出血46例。选择健康藏族体检者共96例作为对照组。各组研究对象均采集血样,提取DNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ApoE基因型。分析ApoE基因型与脑梗死和脑出血的相关性。结果在脑血管病组中,以E2/E3基因型较为常见,其中脑梗死组中E2/E3基因型为50%;脑出血组中E2/E3(65.2%)最常见。健康对照组中,以E2/E4(64.6%)基因型最多,与脑血管病组比有统计学差异(P0.01)。脑血管病组中,脑梗死组以ε3等位基因组最常见,为48.0%;在脑出血组最常见的是ε2(43.5%)。在对照组里,ε4(49.0%)为最常见的等位基因。结论 E2/E3基因型可能与脑血管病相关,ε3等位基因可能为藏族人群脑梗死的易感因素,ε4可能是脑血管疾病的保护因素。     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与精神分裂症

近来研究表明异常的免疫功能在精神分裂症的发病中起了重要的作用。提示肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)基因可能是精神分裂症的易感基因,本文就TNFα基因多态性与精神分裂症的相关性进行综述。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性对缺血性脑血管疾病(ICVD)发生的影响。方法临床筛选67例缺血性脑血管病病人,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术进行apoE基因位点的扩增,然后用HhaⅠ酶切DNA扩增产物,进行限制性片断长度多态性分析(RFLP),检测他们的apoE基因型,并与正常对照组比较,并同时检测血脂水平及血流变学指标。结果ICVD组与健康对照组apoE基因型分布无显著差异,不同类型ICVD组apoE基因型分布亦无显著差异。结论apoE基因多态性不是缺血性脑血管病的危险因素。     

TNF系统与重症肌无力的相关性

肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)是具有多种生物功能的细胞因子,可调节MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原表达的能力,可刺激T细胞和B细胞以调节粘附因子表达等。TNF生物学功能是由其受体(TNFR)介导而发挥作用的。在重症肌无力发病机制中,TNF系统可能具有重要作用。通过对TNF基因多态性和受体的研究,可能引导我们对MG的预防、基因治疗干预及预后提供一定的理论基础。     

中国人群缺血性卒中及高血压候选基因的研究进展

脑血管疾病为遗传因素和环境因素共同作用所致,其发病机制复杂。高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、肥胖等是脑卒中的危险因素。由于高血压病（EH）为其首要且独立的危险因素,近年来有关脑卒中侯选基因研究较多集中于与血压调节和高血压有关的基因。现将近年来在中国人群研究较多的一些基因及其多态性做一综述。     

MTHFR、CBS基因多态性与脑血管病的相关性研究

目的 研究MTHFR、CBS基因多态性与脑血管病的遗传相关性。方法采用限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法，对54例脑梗死、27例脑出血及96例健康人MTHFR基因C677T、CBS基因T27796C多态性位点进行检测。结果MTHFR C677T位点与脑梗死及脑出血均有显著相关，两组与对照组之间T／C等位基因频率存在差异。TT型携带者较CC型患脑血管病的风险高。CBS T27796C位点与脑血管病无明显相关。结论 MTHFR基因可能是脑血管病的一个易感基因。CBS基因T27796C多态性位点与脑血管病无明显相关。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压合并脑血管病的关系

目的　研究血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性和高血压合并脑血管病的关系。方法　应用PCR方法检测正常对照者 (6 6人 )、高血压 (4 0例 )、高血压脑梗死 (5 4例 )、腔隙性脑梗死 (4 5例 )、高血压合并脑出血 (33例 )患者的ACE基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性 ,同时测定 6例脑梗死患者急性期和恢复期血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )水平。结果　高血压患者的ACE基因型及等位基因频率和正常对照组及高血压合并不同脑血管病患者比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,高血压合并不同脑血管病患者的ACE基因型及等位基因频率和正常对照组比较无显著差异 ,但高血压合并脑出血组的ACE基因型及等位基因频率较其他组高 ;脑梗死患者急性期血浆AngⅡ水平显著高于恢复期 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　高血压合并脑出血的发病可能与ACE基因I/D多态性有关 ,血浆AngⅡ水平升高可能是脑梗死患者急性期血压升高的因素之一     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与白族脑血管病患者的相关性研究

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失多态性与云南大理白族脑血管病患者的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,对73例白族脑血管病(ICVD)组患者(其中脑梗死40例,脑出血33例)和43例性别年龄相匹配的白族健康对照组进行ACE基因型检测和基因插入/缺失多态性分析;并进行ACE基因双向测序。结果(1)脑梗死组的DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)脑出血组与对照组相比较,未发现DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率有明显差异(P>0.05);(3)脑血管组内伴高血压与不伴高血压,伴糖尿病与不伴糖尿病,伴血脂异常与血脂正常者相比较,未发现DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率有显著差异(P>0.05);(4)D等位基因和I等位基因其核苷酸序列和长度与国内外文献报道无明显差别。结论(1)ACE基因插入/缺失多态性与脑梗死的发生有关联性,DD基因型和D等位基因是脑梗死患者的高危因素;(2)ACE基因插入/缺失多态性与脑出血发生未发现有关联性;(3)脑血管病的其他相关危险因素如高血压,糖尿病,血脂与ACE基因多态性可能无关联;(4)ACE基因16内含子...     

多巴胺受体和5-羟色胺受体遗传多态性与精神分裂症

精神分裂症患者存在脑多种神经递质如多巴胺 (ＤＡ)、5 羟色胺 (5 ＨＴ)功能失调 ,与此相关的受体可能与这些失调的机制有关。神经递质受体是多种抗精神病药的作用靶 ,药物通过对其进行拮抗或激动来发挥药理作用。分子研究结果已揭示 ,多种编码这些受体蛋白质的基因表现出多态性 ,这些多态性在许多情况下改变了它们对神经递质和特定药物的敏感性。因此 ,不同的受体基因型可能对疾病的易感性不同 ;对不同的个体使用同一剂量的精神药物 ,其临床效应也可能不同。现将近年来关于ＤＡ受体和 5 ＨＴ受体遗传多态性与精神分裂症关系的研究综述于…     

Prognosis of young ischemic stroke in Taiwan: impact of prothrombotic genetic polymorphisms

We investigated the effects of genetic factors on the prognosis of cerebral infarction in young adults in Taiwan. Because ischemic stroke with arterial occlusion or undetermined etiology is more likely to be related to a genetic prothrombotic state, 231 patients younger than 50 years (mean age 44.6 years, range 25 to 49 years) with acute ischemic stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis (n=90), small artery occlusion (n=114) or undetermined cause (n=27) were recruited and prospectively followed up for pre-determined outcome. On each patient, we screened the PlA1/PlA2 polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene, 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene, G10976A polymorphism of the factor VII gene, C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, and 27 base-pair repeat polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. End points were the composite outcome events of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death from all causes. During a mean duration follow-up of 29 months, composite outcome events occurred in 33 patients. There was a higher annual incidence rate of composite outcome events during the first year (9.1%, 95% CI 5.9-13.9%) than in the subsequent 2 years (2.6%, 95% CI 1.2-5.6%, p=0.038). None of the genetic polymorphism was associated with the composite outcome events. Past history of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease was the only independent predictor of the composite outcome events (HR 3.71, 95% CI 1.69-8.14, p=0.001) at the Cox regression analysis. Our data indicate that the prothrombotic genetic polymorphisms do not have a significant influence on the prognosis in young ischemic stroke due to arterial occlusion or undetermined causes in Taiwan.     

Ischemic stroke susceptibility gene in a Northern Han Chinese population

Interleukin-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are potential risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and the –607C allele may increase ischemic stroke risk in the Han Chinese population. In the present study, we recruited 291 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, China, and 226 healthy controls. Both patients and controls were from the Han population in northern China. Immunoresonance scattering assays detected increased serum amyloid A protein, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-18 levels in ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients compared with healthy controls. Analysis of the –607C/A （rs1946518） polymorphism in the interleukin-18 gene promoter showed ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients exhibited increased frequencies of the CC genotype and C alleles than healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies of the interleukin-18 –137G/C （rs187238） polymorphism and the –13T/C （rs11024595） polymorphism in the 5＇-flanking region of serum amyloid A, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the interleukin-18 promoter A/C genetic locus, for correction of age, gender, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesteremia, and an ischemic stroke family history, showed ischemic cerebrovascular disease risk in individuals without the A allele （C homozygotes） was 2.2-fold greater than in A allele carriers. Overall, our findings suggest that the –13T/C （rs11024595） polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of serum amyloid A has no correlation with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, but the C allele of the –607C/A （rs1946518） polymorphism in the interleukin-18 promoter is a high-risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the Han population of northern China. In addition, the A allele is likely a protective gene for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide gene G664A polymorphism and the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene may underlie stroke susceptibility and sensitivity to cerebral ischemia in an animal model of stroke. The authors investigate its role in humans by genotyping a polymorphism (G664A) in 436 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 295 community control subjects. The frequency of this variant was similar in both groups and across the different stroke subtypes. The ANP gene G664A polymorphism is therefore unlikely to be an important risk factor for ischemic stroke in this population.     

遗传相关性卒中的研究进展

遗传因素与卒中发生密切相关,明确基因与卒中的相关关系,有利于卒中的预防、诊断和 治疗。近年来随着技术手段的发展,越来越多的卒中相关基因位点被发现,而既往已知的基因也对 诊疗有新的指导意义。本文主要介绍遗传相关性卒中,包括镰状细胞病、Fabry病、遗传性胶原蛋白 病、高同型半胱氨酸血症以及近期基因位点多态性的相关研究。     

Associations of ESR2 AluI (G/A) polymorphism with ischemic stroke in Caucasians

Raising interest towards genes implicates the effect of estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) gene on cerebrovascular disease, but data are lacking regarding the effect of estrogen receptor-beta (ESR2) gene. We assessed the hypothesis that AluI (G/A) polymorphism of the ESR2 gene (rs 4986938) is associated with ischemic stroke in a Caucasian population. Four hundred twenty four consecutive stroke patients and 430 age and gender-matched controls were enrolled in three stroke centers in Greece over one-year period. Patients and controls were compared in regard to the prevalence of the aforementioned polymorphism. No association was found between variations in the ESR2 gene and risk of stroke or stroke subtype in men and women. Of note, a gender-specific association of G allele with the onset of stroke at a younger age in male patients was found (63.68 ± 12.687 years in G allele (GG+AG) carriers vs. 68.95 ± 10.757 years in non-carriers (AA), p=0.008). Further population independent studies are needed to establish the role of ESR2 gene polymorphisms in relation to ischemic stroke in both genders. Such studies could lead to ERβ agonists being validated in individuals with certain genotypes and/or alleles towards the development of efficient strategies to preventing ischemic stroke in both men and women.     

Migraine as a vascular risk factor

INTRODUCTION. Migraine and stroke are associated with a higher frequency than expected. Numerous studies have shown a significant, but controversial, association between migraine and vascular disease, not only in cerebral but also in other arterial beds. The full spectrum of this relationship includes coexisting stroke and migraine, stroke with clinical features of migraine and migraine-induced stroke. Why migraine is a risk factor and how it leads to stroke is not entirely understood, possibly because the mechanisms involved are multiple, complex and interrelated. AIM. Emphasizing the most recent papers, we review critically the current knowledge about the causal relationship between migraine and vascular disease and discuss its pathophysiology. DEVELOPMENT. Migraine is an independent risk factor for stroke, especially for young women with frequent migraine with aura attacks, who smoke and use oral contraceptives. Migraine has also been associated with lesions in the white matter and in other vascular territories. Potential pathogenic mechanisms include endothelium and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, hypercoagulability, cortical spreading depression, genetic factors, patent foramen ovale, unfavourable vascular risk profile, arterial dissection and migraine-specific treatment. CONCLUSION. Considering that cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of disability and mortality and that migraine is a risk factor for vascular disease, understanding the relationship between migraine and vascular disease is necessary to reduce risks and optimize management and treatment.     

非致残性缺血性脑血管事件药物治疗进展

非致残性缺血性脑血管事件(non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events,NICE)占缺血性脑血管病的50％～60％.近年来,NICE的治疗从最初的单药抗血小板到双联抗血小板取得了重大突破,研究证明21?d的短程、双联抗血小板方案具有更高的有效性和安全性.NICE患者进行溶栓...     

Acute stroke in relation to homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms

AIM: Some methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations cause hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria. These may be important risk factors for cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. We investigated whether the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia and increase the risk factor for stroke. METHODS: A total of 203 acute stroke patients and 55 controls were recruited. Polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and plasma total homocysteine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between C677T and A1298C genotypes and allele frequencies in the stroke patients and controls. Total plasma homocysteine level was higher in the 677TT and 1298AA genotypes in stroke patients and especially small-vessel disease patient subgroup. Age, number of males, systolic-diastolic blood pressures, creatinine, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine levels were significantly high among stroke patients. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure and HDL-C were determined as risk factors for homocysteine levels. We also determined that the effect of A1298C polymorphism on homocysteine was not as high as that of C677T polymorphism in acute stroke patients. We conclude that the MTHFR genotype may be a modest risk factor for stroke in Turkish population.     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与多发性硬化的相关性研究

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)基因多态性与多发性硬化(MS)的相关性。方法:①采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对58例MS患者和79名健康人进行TNFα基因多态性分析。②对MS组患者分别进行扩展病残状态评分(expanded disability status scale,EDSS)、首次发病年龄、病程、发病次数临床资料收集。结果:①MS组TNFα基因型分布及等位基因频率与正常对照组比较均无明显差异(χ2=0.466,P=0.495;χ2=0.229,P=0.632)。②基因型为TNFα1/1、TNFα1/2、TNFα2/2的EDSS评分、首次发病年龄、病程及发病次数各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(F=0.53,P=0.5914;F=1.34,P=0.2699;F=0.37,P=0.6914;F=0.49,P=0.6182)。结论:TNFα等位基因多态性与MS的易患性、EDSS评分、首次发病年龄、病程及发病次数均无显著相关性。     

ACE基因插入／缺失多态性与脑血管病的关联性研究

目的:探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入(I)/缺失(D)多态性与脑血管病(CVD)的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)检测19Z例卒中患者、95例高血压病人和124例正常人的ACE基因多态性。结果:CVD组ACE基因D等位基因频率为0.58,明显高于高血压对照组(P＜0.02)和正常对照组(P＜0.01),DD基因型频率明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)。腔隙性梗死(LACI)组的DD基因型显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。多元回归分析发现ACE*DD基因型与卒中无明显相关性(P＜0.08),而与LACI存在明显相关性(P=0.048)。结论:ACE基因缺失多态性在LACI的形成中可能产生重要作用。