《波谱解析》课程教学改革与实践

随着现代科学技术的发展,各种新的测试手段的提高,使波谱解析在天然化合物结构测定中起着越来越重要作用,已成为我们认识微观分子的最重要手段之一[1-4],它也是我院药学类、中药类及研究生等专业学生必需学习的一门重要专业基础课程,其教学任务主要是讲述紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱的基本原理与一般解析方法,熟悉紫外与共轭系统,红外与官能团,氢谱与质子状态,碳谱与碳骨架,质谱与分子量之间的关系,通过教与学,使学生能运用基本原理和知识对有机化合物进行结构片断剖析,进而提高学生解读图谱能力[5],为后续的学习、工作奠定深厚的基础.在教学工作中也发现了普遍存在于学中的一些共性问题,针对出现的情况,对如何提高波谱解析教学效果,结合自身的教学过程中的做法,从下面几个方面做了有益的探索和尝试.     

《波谱解析》课程教学改革与实践

随着现代科学技术的发展,各种新的测试手段的提高,使波谱解析在天然化合物结构测定中起着越来越重要作用,已成为我们认识微观分子的最重要手段之一[1-4],它也是我院药学类、中药类及研究生等专业学生必需学习的一门重要专业基础课程,其教学任务主要是讲述紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱的基本原理与一般解析方法,熟悉紫外与共轭系统,红外与官能团,氢谱与质子状态,碳谱与碳骨架,质谱与分子量之间的关系,通过教与学,     

波谱解析课程思政教学思路探讨

思政元素融入专业课程教学各个环节,形成协同育人效应,是一种全新的教学理念与模式,也是实现立德树人与专业知识教育双重培养目标的重要举措。波谱解析课程思政教学不仅能让学生掌握专业理论知识,更能促进学生良好思想品质的形成。通过多个视角挖掘波谱解析课程所蕴含的思政元素,文章结合课程内容对部分思政元素的实施思路进行探讨。     

中药学专业《有机化合物波谱解析》创新性教学研究

针对新形势下我国对创新性人才的需求，结合中药学专业的特殊性及我校有机化合物波谱解析课程教学中存在的不足，本文作者对中药学专业的有机化合物波谱解析得教学进行了大胆的创新，就课堂教学方法、考试方式及教学模式提出了具体的改革措施。     

药学有机化合物波谱解析课程教学改革

药学有机化合物波谱解析是药学类专业一门重要的基础课程，应用较广，实用性较强。文章分析课程教学中存在的问题，针对课程特点，在总结教学经验的基础上，探讨药学有机化合物波谱解析课程教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、实验课教学、课堂管理与考核方式的改革，激发学生学习的主动性和积极性，培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，提升教学效果。     

探讨如何提高有机化合物波谱解析课程教学效果

通过改进教学方法、改革考核方式、调整课程开设时间提高药学、中药学专业学生的有机化合物波谱解析课程教学效果。     

gNMR软件在波谱解析中的应用

gNMR是一款NMR化学位移植计算软件，可以根据化学结构式计算出^1H,^13C NMR化学位移值δ及其偶合常数J值，有助于化合物的结构解析，也可以根据实验值模拟谱图，提供“仿真”信息。     

本科《天然化合物波谱解析》课程教学方法探讨

《天然化合物波谱解析》是一门研究如何根据天然化合物的波谱研究其化学结构的课程,是中药学和药学专业本科生的一门难度较大的专业课程.本文从本课程与本科《仪器分析》《中药化学》《天然药物化学》等相关课程之间的衔接关系,授课内容、授课重点的选择,课堂教学的授课方式,以及与研究生《天然化合物波谱解析》课程的区别与联系等五个方面讨论本课程的教学方法和教学中应该注意的问题.     

浅析中药学专业波谱分析教学改革

主要介绍了笔者在波谱解析教学过程中,应用多媒体教学手段,加强信息化、个性化教学手段和方法的研究与探索,注重调动学生的学习积极性,增加学生实践课程提高其动手能力,提高学生的综合素质,极大激发了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,收到了较好的效果。     

医学辐射防护学试题库的建设与应用

通过医学辐射防护学试题库的建设和使用,探索科学的教学质量评价方法。以学科建设为宗旨,基于学校在线网络学习系统,建设具有科学性、实用性和公平性的试题库,夯实教学质量评价体系,深化课程教学改革,完善＂教考分离＂和提高教学水平。     

心率变异性的频谱分析

采用频谱法对比分析正常人，急性心肌梗塞和心力衰竭病人昼夜不同时间的心率变异性。结果发现正常人白天低频成份占优势，夜间高频成份相对增加，４０岁以上及６０以上两年龄组的两种频率成份显著低于４０岁以下组，心肌梗塞和心力衰竭病人两种频段的功率密度均下降，且昼夜的生理性波动减小，结论认为频谱分析能反映交感神经与迷走神经活性的高低和平衡。     

人皮肤成纤维细胞库的构建

目的建立成纤维细胞系及细胞库。方法采用体外细胞培养技术进行皮肤成纤维细胞的分离、培养、传代、冻存、复苏及鉴定。结果人皮肤成纤维细胞传代至23代以上,此时的细胞数是原代培养的细胞数的数十万倍,经冻存、复苏后,人皮肤成纤维细胞仍具有增殖能力,生长状态与原代培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞相类似。结论酶消化法是培养人皮肤成纤维细胞简便、快捷的方法。     

人皮肤角质形成细胞库的构建

目的探索人皮肤角质形成细胞的分离、培养、传代、冻存、复苏及鉴定技术。方法采用细胞培养技术及免疫组化技术。结果我们采用细胞培养技术体外分离培养了小儿包皮角质形成细胞,传代后的角质形成细胞,经冻存、复苏后,此角质形成细胞仍既能增殖、又能分化,生长状态与新鲜分离的角质形成细胞相类似。结论酶消化法是快速大量培养皮肤角质形成细胞的简便易行的方法。     

An assessment of spectral analysis of amphetamine-induced behavior

Testing of a new radio frequency capacitance field type transducer and power spectrum analysis system for assessment of rat behavior is described. Power spectrum estimates of amphetamine-induced behavior had an orderly relationship with behavior ratings ranging from inactive to intense stereotypy. The effects of thorazine dose-response blocking on amphetamine-indcued behavior were linear. Separation between adjacent doses could not be accomplished with a single frequency, but required differential frequency-time period information.     

浅析中药药理学教考分离和试题库建设

实施教考分离是评价教师教学质量和学生学习效果的有效手段,对教师的教学和学生的学习均具有良好的促进作用。我们在中药药理学教学实践中,重新制定了考试大纲,建立了考试题库,在教考分离教改实践中取得了较好的效果,测试结果显示学生考试成绩基本符合正态分布,可较好地反映教师的教学情况和学生的学习情况。     

Applying spectral peak area analysis in near-infrared spectroscopy moisture assays

Spectral peak area analysis has in this study been shown to be a viable method in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) moisture assays. The study also shows that the required number of calibration samples can be minimized, and the method is, therefore, especially suitable for moisture assays in early formulation development and in-situ process monitoring. Diffuse NIRS was utilized in the development of moisture assays for the model compounds polyvinylpyrrolidone and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and also for a lyophilized formulation. Reference data were obtained using coulometric Karl Fischer titration. The NIRS measurements were performed through the bottoms of the sample vials using either a Fourier Transform-Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer fitted with a diffuse reflectance probe or a dispersive single beam spectrometer. The ratios of the peak areas of a water peak at 5200 cm(-1) and a reference peak were evaluated using linear regression analysis. The spectral peak area analysis method was compared with a conventional partial least squares regression method. The moisture assays were verified using independent test sets. The investigated moisture range was 0-22% for the samples of PVP, 0-8.5% for the samples of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 0.5-8.5% for the samples of the lyophilized formulation. The results of the spectral peak area analysis and the conventional partial least squares regression were similar, but the peak area method was more robust and could also make accurate predictions for lyophilized PVP samples, although the calibration set consisted of non-lyophilized samples. The peak area method required fewer calibration samples than the conventional partial least squares regression method.     

母乳库研究的现状分析

我国对母乳库的认知及技术的研究仍处于起步阶段,母乳库的发展缺乏国家政府制度支持和完善的管理运作规范,孕妇对母乳捐献接受程度较低,对于母乳喂养越来越受重视的今天,目前的现状不能满足医学发展的需要。本文通过介绍母乳库概念、母乳喂养的重要性、母乳库建立的必要性和可行性、母乳库的发展前景等方面对母乳库的认知情况形成系统的回顾,旨在提高人们对母乳库的认知程度,为相关部门制订母乳库建立规范化流程提供参考,使母乳捐献成为有法律保障的行为,也让越来越多的早产儿或患病新生儿受益于母乳库母乳喂养。     

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV criteria for hallucinogen abuse and dependence in adolescents

Aim

This study applied both item response theory (IRT) and multiple indicators–multiple causes (MIMIC) methods to evaluate item-level psychometric properties of diagnostic questions for hallucinogen use disorders (HUDs), differential item functioning (DIF), and predictors of latent HUD.

Methods

Data were drawn from 2004–2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Analyses were based on 1548 past-year hallucinogen users aged 12–17 years. Substance use and symptoms were assessed by audio computer-assisted self-interviewing methods.

Results

Abuse and dependence criteria empirically were arrayed along a single continuum of severity. All abuse criteria indicated middle-to-high severity on the IRT-defined HUD continuum, while dependence criteria captured a wider range from the lowest (tolerance and time spent) to the highest (taking larger amounts and inability to cut down) severity levels. There was indication of DIF by hallucinogen users' age, gender, race/ethnicity, and ecstasy use status. Adjusting for DIF, ecstasy users (vs. non-ecstasy hallucinogen users), females (vs. males), and whites (vs. Hispanics) exhibited increased odds of HUD.

Conclusions

Symptoms of hallucinogen abuse and dependence empirically do not reflect two discrete conditions in adolescents. Trends and problems related to hallucinogen use among girls and whites should be examined further to inform the designs of effective gender-appropriate and culturally sensitive prevention programs.     

Effects of lorazepam on cardiac vagal tone during rest and mental stress: assessment by means of spectral analysis

Dose-dependent effects of intravenously administered lorazepam on haemodynamic fluctuations were studied by means of spectral analysis, in order to elucidate sympathetic and parasympathetic components in cardiovascular control during situations of rest and mental stress after benzodiazepine administration. In a double-blind randomized cross-over study, nine male volunteers participated in two sessions: a placebo and lorazepam session. During these sessions, the subjects repeatedly performed a 10-min version of the Stroop Color Word Test (CWT), with 10 min of rest between the CWTs. Lorazepam was administered before each rest period in increasing doses of 0.0, 0.06, 0.13, 0.25 and 0.5 mg (total cumulative dose: 0.94 mg). During the placebo session the subjects received five placebo injections. For five of the nine subjects the lorazepam session was their first session. Heat rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and respiration were recorded continuously. Power spectra were calculated per 2.5-min periods for HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Spectral density was assessed for three frequency bands: low (LFB: 0.02–0.06 Hz), mid (MFB: 0.07–0.14 Hz) and high (HFB: 0.15–0.40 Hz). During the consecutive periods of rest, lorazepam induced a dose-dependent decrease in HR, and a dose-dependent increase in LFB, MFB and HFB power of HR, but lorazepam had no effect on BP. The effects were significant after 0.44 mg lorazepam for HR and HFB power, and after 0.94 mg lorazepam for the HR fluctuations in the LFB and MFB. Lorazepam did not influence the cardiovascular responses to the CWT. Our data underline that benzodiazepines can exert a specific influence on parasympathetic activity: lorazepam induced dose-dependent increases in cardiac vagal tone, resulting in decreased HR and increased HR variability, but only during periods of rest. The increase in vagal tone observed after low doses of lorazepam was not related to diminished sympathetic activity, altered respiration, or increased sedation.     

哮喘患者报告临床结局量表的研制和条目筛选

目的研制具有良好信度、效度与反应度,适用于新药临床试验或临床疗效评价的哮喘患者报告临床结局(PRO)量表。方法遵照美国食品药品管理局(FDA)PRO量表研制的程序化方法,建立量表的理论框架,建立条目池,并通过专家咨询、患者访谈等修改量表,得到含有72个条目的初量表。现场调查共收集108例样本,使用离散趋势法、因子分析法、相关系数法、克朗巴赫α系数法及修正条目的总相关系数法和项目反应理论5种方法对初量表进行条目筛选。结果经过条目筛选,调整量表的框架结构,共保留67个条目,分为生理、心理、社会、治疗4个领域及13个方面。结论哮喘PRO量表严格按照国际量表的操作原则和方法进行,科学性强、结论可信,有利于临床研究中推广使用。