非斜视性屈光参差对双眼视的影响

目的研究非斜视性屈光参差对双眼视的影响。方法对89例远视性屈光参差进行Worth四点灯、Bagolini线状镜、同视机、立体视图谱检查。56例正常人作对照组。结果随着双眼屈光参差度数的增加．四点灯远距离抑制的发生率逐渐增加，立体视锐度增加。Bagolini线状镜检查大部分患者具有融合功能。同视机检查屈光参差患者融合范围小于正常组（P〈0．05），大部分患者具有远距离立体视。结论屈光参差影响双眼视功能的发育及建立．但不能完全破坏双眼视功能．屈光参差患者仍存在相对弱的融合功能和粗略的立体视。     

屈光参差对双眼视的影响

立体视锐度对视锐度在20/20至20/40范围内的单眼变化比双眼对称性变化更为敏感.Simons指出,定量的双眼视检查对于由轻度屈光不正引起的少量的对称性的视觉差异是不敏感的,而对于与双眼视觉差异有关的双眼视功能障碍则是敏感的.已经发现,Titmus检查,即一种显示轮廓的立体视检测,因有许多单眼线索并不可靠.随机点立体图的图形仅在有深度觉时才能看见,因而用于检测弱视.但是Campos与Enoch发现一些屈光参差性弱视病人因影象不等而无中心融合,然而他们有立体视觉,甚至能进行随机点立体图检查,由此认为通过检查立体视觉来筛选弱视可能是一种误导.Lang也注意到许多屈光参差性弱视病人通过了随机点立体图检测和Titmus检查.为此,作者研究观察了屈光参差对双眼视的影响以及屈光参差病人立体视与融合功能的关系. 材料和方法对25例屈光参差病人进行研究,记录每例病人屈光检查状况和最佳矫正视力.病人戴镜矫正后进行线状镜、4-D三棱镜试验、Worth四点检查和TNO立体视检查. 结果屈光参差的程度和弱视程度呈正相关,但差异无显著性.所有病人经线状镜检查均未发现中心抑制.25例病人经4-D三棱镜试验屈光度高侧眼均为阳性,但19例屈光度高侧眼的快速扫视运动速度都较对侧眼慢.Worth四点检查,远距离测定时15例(60%)病人有融合,而9例(30%)有抑制,1例(4%)有复视.有抑制或复视的病人屈光参差程度明显高于有融合的病人;近距离测定时,有3例表现抑制.对于7例视远抑制或复视而视近有融合的病人,其屈光参差程度和弱视程度无显著性差异.TNO检查中,19例有立体视的病人平均立体视锐度为634.7秒弧.6例(24%)有正常的立体视,13例(52%)立体视锐度下降,6例未测出立体视.立体视锐度的降低与远距离Worth四点检查融合阴性成正比.立体视的降低与弱视程度成正比.Snellen视力表上差异≥3.29行的屈光参差性弱视与立体视的降低或丧失相关. 通过研究作者认为弱视程度比屈光参差的程度更能引起双眼视的损害.几乎所有屈光参差病人都有融合,中心抑制暗点并不存在,所谓的"周边融合"实际上是旁中心融合.融合功能减弱、立体视锐度下降都与屈光参差性弱视的程度成正比.屈光参差性弱视在Snellen视力表上差异＞3行就能够引起对立体视的损害.作者建议可以用TNO立体视检查来筛选有意义的弱视.     

实验性屈光参差对双眼视功能的影响

目的 :探讨实验性屈光参差对健康成人双眼视功能的影响。方法 :对双眼视功能正常的大学生志愿者 32人采用在单眼前加不同度数正负球镜的方法 ,诱导单纯近视性 ( 1D , 2D , 3D)及单纯远视性 (-1D ,- 2D ,- 3D)屈光参差 ,测定诱导屈光参差后的视力、立体视敏度及Worth四点融像功能。结果 :随着屈光参差程度的增加 ,单纯“近视眼”的远视力逐渐下降 ,单纯“远视眼”的远视力几乎不下降。立体视敏度随着屈光参差度数的增加而下降 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,相同程度的单纯远视性屈光参差比单纯近视性屈光参差立体视敏度下降更明显 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 5 )。Worth四点定性试验证实了诱导屈光参差后双眼单视功能下降 (χ2 检验 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,并有黄斑抑制的发生 ,Worth四点定量试验表明抑制区视角度数随着屈光参差程度的增加而增加 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :实验性屈光参差可引起成人双眼视功能异常 ,未矫治的屈光参差对儿童双眼视功能潜在性影响还需要进一步研究     

屈光参差性弱视治愈前后双眼视觉的检测与分析

目的:了解屈光参差性弱视治愈前后双眼视觉状况。方法:对56例103眼屈光参差性弱视儿童,分别在治疗前和基本治愈后检测其立体视锐度及同视机三级视功能。结果:基本治愈前后:同时视功能无明显差异(P>0.05);立体视锐度有显著性差异(P<0.01);融合功能和定性远立体视也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:屈光参差性弱视不仅影响视力同时也影响双眼视觉发育,随着视力提高其双眼视功能也有明显改善,所以在弱视治疗时应注重双眼视觉的建立与完善。     

白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后双眼视的分析

目的分析白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后影响双眼视恢复的因素。方法对76例(105眼)白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后进行Worth四点灯、同视机及颜氏立体视图谱检查。结果屈光参差及双眼视力差值均与立体视锐度值(弧秒)呈正相关,外伤性白内障受伤与手术相距时间与立体视锐度值(弧秒)呈正相关,老年性白内障单眼组与双眼组立体视锐度的差异具有统计学意义。结论屈光参差、双眼视力差值以及外伤性白内障受伤与手术相距时间是影响术后双眼视恢复的主要因素。     

屈光参差性弱视治疗前后双眼视觉的临床观察

目的 了解屈光参差性弱视儿童治疗前及矫正视力正常后双眼视觉的状况.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象屈光参差性弱视儿童53例.方法 对53例屈光参差性弱视儿童分别在治疗前及矫正视力≥0.9后采用颜少明<立体视觉检查图>和同视机检测其双眼视觉功能.主要指标立体视锐度、交叉视差、非交叉视差立体视觉,同时知觉、远融合范围,定性远立体视.结果 屈光参差与弱视(r=0.613)、弱视与立体视(r=0.422)及屈光参差与立体视均具有相关性(r=354).弱视患儿矫正视力正常后其近立体视锐度、交叉视差、非交叉视差立体视觉均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).弱视患儿矫正视力正常后其同时视功能较治疗前无明显差异(P=0.37);远融合范围及远立体视均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(远融合范围P=0.03,远立体视P＜0.01).结论 屈光参差、弱视、立体视觉三者之间具有相关性.屈光参差性弱视影响融合和立体视觉的发育.随着视力的提高,双眼视觉有显著改善.     

儿童弱视兴立体视锐度

目的 了解儿童弱视兴立体视锐度的关系。方法 对346例正常及弱视儿童立体视锐度采用颜少明近用定量随机点立体圆进行检查，比较弱视组各类型弱视立体视锐度情况。结果 346例中，168例正常儿童中获得正常立体视锐度为122例（76.62%)，178例弱视儿童中儿得正常立体视锐度为8例（4.49%)，各类型弱视立体视锐度比较，其中形觉剥夺性弱视立体视锐度最差，其次为斜视性弱视、屈光参差性弱视，屈光不正性弱视。结论 弱视患儿立体明显低于正常儿童立体视，弱视程度越重，立体视越差。     

儿童弱视与立体视锐度

目的 了解儿童弱视与立体损锐度的关系。方法 对346例正常及弱视儿童立体视锐度采用颜少明近用定量随机点立体图进行检查,比较弱视组各类型弱视立体视锐度情况。结果 346例中,168例正常见童中获得正常立体视锐度为122例(72.62％),178例弱视儿童中获得正常立体视锐度为8例(4.49％),各类型弱视立体锐度间比较,其中形觉剥夺性弱视立体视锐度最差,其次为斜视性弱视、屈光参差性弱视,屈光不正性弱视。结论 弱视患儿立体视明显低于正常儿童立体视,弱视程度越重,立体视越差。     

儿童屈光参差与弱视、立体视相关性的研究

目的　探讨屈光参差对儿童视力和立体视功能的影响以及屈光参差、弱视、立体视三者之间的相关关系。方法　选择不伴有斜视的 4 5～ 13 8岁屈光参差儿童 186例 ,无屈光参差和弱视的同龄正常儿童 2 0例。对以上所选病例 ,测定裸眼视力、屈光状态、最佳的矫正视力及矫正后Tit mus立体视 ,并对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果　①当远视参差 >1D ,近视参差 >2D ,散光参差 >1 0D ,弱视的发生率分别为 43 %、 43 %、 3 6% ;立体视异常百分比分别为 43 %、 2 9%、 3 6% :屈光参差 >3D ,弱视及异常立体视发生率均 10 0 %。②屈光参差与弱视的相关性及立体视与弱视的相关性均大于屈光参差与立体视的相关性。结论　儿童屈光参差可严重损害患儿的视力及双眼视功能 ,随着屈光参差程度的增加 ,弱视及异常立体视的发生率明显增多 ,并且 ,立体视功能的下降与弱视相伴行 ,二者之间存在显著相关性     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者远近立体视功能

目的 :比较“中浆”患者远近立体视功能损害的临床特点。方法 :对 48例 (5 1眼 )中浆患者按常规方法检查视力、屈光、Amsler方格卡、双眼影像、眼底FFA或OCT ;用同视机检查患者双眼同时知觉、融合范围及定性立体视 ;采用同视机随机点画片及《立体视觉检查图》检测患者的远近立体视功能及抑制性暗点。结果 :48例患者除中心视力下降、视物变形和有中心暗点等单眼视功能受损外 ,还有双眼影像不等及双眼视功能不同程度的损害。双眼视功能受损中 ,双眼同时视障碍为 2 .1% ,双眼融合视缺失为 4.3% ,而双眼定性立体视丢失为 16 .7%。采用随机点画片定量检测发现 ,远距离交叉视差锐度和非交叉视差锐度及近距离立体视锐度达到正常者分别为 2 8例 (占 5 8.3% )、2 4例 (占 5 0 .0 % )和 14例(占 2 9.2 % )。显示近立体视损害较远立体视更明显 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。病愈后三项功能恢复中心立体视者分别为 47例 (占 97.9% )、46例 (占 95 .8% )和 45例 (占 93.8% )。病愈前后远近距离三项立体视锐度达到正常者的比例以及平均视锐度值 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。影响立体视功能的主要原因是两眼视力相差大 ,双眼同时视像差大及有抑制性中心暗点。结论 :中浆患者视功能受损表现是多方面的。双眼视功能受损特     

Clinical and sensorial characteristics of microtropia

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and sensory mechanism of microtropia. METHODS: Twenty patients with primary microtropia were studied. The patients were evaluated by the visuscope, Irvine prism test, Bagolini striated glasses test, Worth 4-dot test (W4D), TNO, and stereo-fly plate of the Titmus test. RESULTS: The patients who had positive cover test and eccentric fixation showed wandering eccentric fixation. The Irvine prism test was positive in all the patients by using prisms of different strengths and positions. All the patients had abnormal fusion at near. At distance, 15 patients had abnormal fusion by the Bagolini glasses and 8 patients had abnormal fusion by the Worth test. Ten patients had gross stereopsis and the remaining 10 had no measurable stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS: The type of microtropia with eccentric fixation without identity is mainly due to the wandering eccentric fixation. All patients with microtropia have abnormal fusion without fixation point scotoma because positive prism test response does not change to normal by using prisms of different strengths and positions. Differences in fusion results are mainly due to the weakness of abnormal fusion rather than fixation point scotoma. With occlusion treatment, amblyopia can be improved, whereas binocular defects of microtropia cannot be improved.     

屈光参差性弱视儿童视力与立体视的关系

目的探究相同屈光参差范围内不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力与立体视情况,以及视力、屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。方法回顾性研究。收集56例屈光参差性弱视儿童和52例伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童以及20例正常儿童相应检查数据,检查包括矫正视力、屈光程度、随机点动态2阶粗糙立体视。采用多元方差分析3类儿童的视力差异,统计立体视分布情况,运用非条件logistic回归分析视力与屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。结果单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童与伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异无统计学意义（F=3.58,P=0.0314,校正α=0.016）。单纯及伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童粗糙立体视拥有率分别为96%,71%。在双眼视力一致的条件下,伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视与单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值为0.132（95%CI：0.034~0.503）。在屈光参差类型一致的条件下,高、中双眼视力平衡度与低双眼视力平衡度相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值分别为5.161（95%CI：0.868~30.675）和3.939（95%CI： 0.920~16.858）。结论相同屈光参差程度范围中不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异不明显;伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童立体视缺损的可能性更高,并且双眼不平衡度越高引起的立体视下降越明显。     

Comparison of anisometropes with and without amblyopia

Background:

To compare binocular functions in amblyopic and non-amblyopic anisometropes and to investigate the possible associated factors for amblyopia development such as type of refractive error and initial age of refractive error correction.

Materials and Methods:

Prospectively anisometropic subjects with (n=42) and without amblyopia (n=33) were included in the study. Full ophthalmological examination including binocularity and motility was performed.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference between the ages at the time of initial refractive error correction ( P =0.946). All of the anisometropes (100%) had fusion with Worth 4-dot test and Bagolini glasses. However 81% of amblyopic subjects had fusion with Worth 4 dot test and 88.1% had normal response with Bagolini glasses. Median stereopsis was 60 sec of arc in anisometropic subjects and 400 sec of arc in amblyopes.

Conclusion:

Our data support that, binocular functions are well developed in anisometropes without amblyopia and initial age at correction of refractive error has no primary effect on development of amblyopia.     

LASIK矫治高度屈光参差性弱视儿童的立体视觉研究

目的观察儿童高度屈光参差性弱视患者接受LASIK后立体视觉的恢复情况及其矫治儿童高度屈光参差性弱视的疗效。设计前瞻性非随机自身对照观察。研究对象36例36眼行LASIK手术的6～12岁高度屈光参差性弱视儿童患者。方法患者在LASIK术前、术后3、6及12个月检查视力、屈光度,采用颜氏立体视觉检查图检查立体视觉。立体视锐度≤60”为有中央立体视;80＂-800”为有周边立体视;〉800”为立体视盲。按最佳矫正视力分为轻、中、重度弱视三组。主要指标立体视锐度。结果LASIK术后12个月裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光参差程度较术前均明显改善（P均〈0．05）。术前、术后6个月和术后12个月立体视盲分别占55．6％（20例）、33．3％（12例）和16．7％（6例）（P均〈0．05）。术后12个月轻度弱视组100％恢复了立体视,其中40．0％（8例）恢复了中央立体视;中度弱视组有10．0％（1例）恢复了中央立体视,70．0％（7例）恢复了周边立体视;而重度弱视组仅33．3％（2例）恢复了周边立体视（P均〈0．05）。术后12个月,年龄〈10岁者与≥10岁者分别有89．5％、76．5％恢复了立体视（P=0．351）。结论屈光参差性弱视儿童立体视建立与弱视程度、弱视治疗时间有关。对于不能耐受戴镜矫正的严重屈光参差性弱视患儿,LASIK手术是一种安全、有效的治疗手段,术后可能恢复正常或部分立体视。     

弱视患儿3D训练远近距离立体视恢复的疗效评价

目的： 评价使用立体3D技术作为一种视觉功能训练方法对弱视患儿的治疗效果。

方法： 纳入30名儿童,年龄4～16y, 其中18例是屈光不正性弱视(ametropic amblyopia,AMA),12例是屈光参差性弱视(anisometropic amblyopia,ANA)。双眼使用立体3D技术进行视觉功能训练,每次训练时间1h,每例患者训练约33次(平均： 32±8)。在每次训练前后检查患者每眼的最佳矫正视力,使用同视机检查融合范围和远距离立体视,并使用颜氏随机点立体视图谱检查近距离立体视。

结果：在训练治疗后,所有弱视患儿最佳矫正视力较训练前均有显著提高,训练后融合范围较训练前显著扩大,尤其在屈光参差弱视患儿中融合范围扩大和立体视觉的恢复较屈光不正弱视患者组更明显。训练后近距离立体视觉的恢复程度要优于远距离立体视觉。

结论：立体3D视觉训练系统可以有效地恢复弱视儿童双眼立体视功能。     

屈光参差性弱视儿童治愈后的双眼视觉研究

【摘要】 目的 了解屈光参差性弱视儿童治愈后双眼视觉状况。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 屈光参差性弱视儿童74例,正常儿童74例。方法 采用同视机和颜少明《立体视觉检查图》对74例 经治疗矫正视力已≥0.9的屈光参差性弱视儿童和74例正常儿童的双眼视觉功能进行检测。主要指 标  同时知觉、远融合范围、定性远立体视、 立体视锐度。结果 （1）屈光参差性弱视儿童基本 治愈后其远立体视低于正常儿童（χ2 =11.331,P=0.001）;同时视（χ2 =1.855,P=0.173）及 远融合范围（χ2 =1.012,P=0.603）无明显差异。（2）屈光参差性弱视儿童基本治愈后其近立体 视锐度明显低于正常儿童（χ2 =27.759,P=0.000）。（3）屈光参差性弱视程度越轻,近立体视 锐度的改善越显著（χ2 =17.116,P=0.009）;而同时视（χ2 =0.879,P=0.644）、远融合范围 （χ2 =7.930,P=0.094）、远立体视（χ2 =2.854,P=0.240）的改善无明显差异。结论 屈光参 差性弱视严重影响立体视觉的发育。即使治疗后视力达到正常,其立体视仍低于正常儿童。屈光参 差程度越重,对近立体视锐度的影响越显著。（眼科,2012, 21: 395-397）     

Temporal pattern of resolution/recurrence of choroidal neovascularization during bevacizumab therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To characterize temporal pattern of resolution and recurrence of naive choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab on as needed regimen, and to analyze baseline risk factors for CNV resolution or recurrence.METHODS:Ninety-one eyes of 80 patients with newly diagnosed wet AMD were retrospectively studied. All eyes were treated with a round of three monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections, followed by one additional ‘bonus’ injection after resolution of CNV activity. During follow-up, eyes were monitored with fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In case of recurrences of CNV activity, eyes were retreated with other rounds of bevacizumab injections following the same treatment protocol.RESULTS:Over a median follow-up of 532d, the median resolution time of CNV activity in the first, second, and third treatment round was 98d, 126d, and 111d, respectively. The median recurrence time for the three rounds was 154d, 126d, and 151d, respectively. No significant difference in resolution time (P=0.09) or in recurrence time (P=0.11) was detected among treatment rounds. Age (P=0.0082) and lens status (P=0.035) were found to be associated with CNV resolution; for every 1-year increase in age there was 4% greater chance of CNV resolution; Phakic eyes demonstrated a 33% better chance to experience CNV resolution than pseudophakic eyes. For CNV recurrence, lens status (P=0.0009) and gender (P=0.0446) were found to be predictive; pseudophakic eyes had a 3.69-fold greater risk to experience recurrence of CNV activity compared to phakic eyes; males had a 2.19-fold greater risk to experience recurrence of CNV activity than females. No significant BCVA changes among three treatment rounds were noted (P=0.56).CONCLUSION:Resolution time and recurrence time of CNV activity were not significantly different among treatment rounds, suggesting absence of tachyphylaxis to bevacizumab. A cautious decision should be made upon discontinuing treatment in wet AMD eyes of younger or pseudophakic patients, which showed slower response to bevacizumab. In addition, wet AMD eyes of male or pseudophakic patients should be evaluated more carefully after stopping the treatment, because they may have early reactivation of the CNV. BCVA was preserved by bevacizumab treatment despite multiple recurrences.     

Comparison of Ziemer FEMTO LDV “Classic” and “Crystal Line” femtosecond laser flap quality by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography

AIM: To compare the regularity and accuracy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV “Classic” (Ziemer “Classic”) and Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Line femtosecond laser (Ziemer Crystal Line).METHODS:Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue OCT) was used tomeasure the morphology of 200 LASIK flaps of 100 consecutive patients created with the Ziemer Classic (100 flaps) or the Ziemer Crystal Line (100 flaps) at one week postoperatively. Flap thickness was evaluated at 36 specified measurement points on each flap. For all procedures with both lasers, the nominal flap thickness was 110µm.RESULTS:The mean flap thickness of the Ziemer Crystal Line group(102.49±2.68µm) was thinner than that of the Ziemer Classic group (107.65±5.09µm) (P<0.01). Average thickness of all flaps was uniform within 4µm at all measurement points. The flaps in the Ziemer Crystal Line group were more regular than those in the Ziemer Classic group when measured from the center to the periphery. The maximum deviation from the nominal 110µm of 36 measurements was 8µm in the Ziemer Classic group, while in the Ziemer Crystal Line group it was 9µm. Within the 3 600 measurements on the 100 eyes, differences greater than 20µm were observed 0.14% in the Ziemer Classic group, and 0.04% in the Ziemer Crystal Line group.CONCLUSION:The flaps created with the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Crystal Linefemtosecond laser are more uniform and thinner than those created by the Ziemer FEMTO LDV Classic femtosecond laser.     

The relationship between stereopsis and visual acuity after occlusion therapy for amblyopia

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity after occlusion therapy in patients with various types of amblyopia. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one children with amblyopia caused by anisometropia with no strabismus (26 children), small angle (相似文献