HB-Ⅴ型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石临床报告

采用ＨＢⅤ型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石２３４例，肾结石粉碎率１０００％，两个月内结石排空率８１０％。输尿管结石粉碎率９９３％，两周内结石排空率９９３％，治疗工作电压３～９ｋＶ，效果满意，无严重并发症。具有治疗成功率高，复打率低，副作用少之优点     

HB—V型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石临床报告

采用ＨＢ－Ｖ型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石２３４例，肾结石粉碎率１００．０％，两个月内结石排空率８１．０％。输尿管结石粉碎率９９．３％，两周内结石排空率９９．３％，治疗工作电压３￣９ｋＶ，效果满意，无严重并发症。具有治疗成功率高，复打率低，副作用少之优点。     

复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石769例报告

目的探讨复式脉冲HB-V型低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾结石的治疗效果.方法采用复式脉冲HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗直径<2.0 cm的各类肾结石769例，治疗工作电压3～9 kV，平均冲击次数2 300次.结果肾盏结石总粉碎率为97.4%，其中上中盏结石复打率为13.1%，术后3个月排净率为89.4%，下盏结石复打率为17.3%，排净率为81.5%；肾盂结石粉碎率为98.3%，复打率为6.1%，术后3个月排净率为93.0%.结论复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石具有治疗成功率高、复打率低、无严重并发症、副作用少之优点.     

128例低能量体外冲击波碎石原位治疗上尿路结石

目的 探讨低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗上尿路结石的疗效及副作用。方法 应用银星TS-153C型碎石机原位治疗肾、输尿管结石128例。结果 肾结石碎石率98.7％,2个月内排净率93.7％;输尿管结石碎石率98.9％,2周内排净率94.4％。并发症:肾破裂1例,占0.78％;肾积脓合并无尿1例,占0.78％,其余并发症均轻微。结论 低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石获得满意疗效,正确掌握适应证是提高EWSL疗效及预防严重并发症的关键。     

复式脉冲低能量体外冲击碎石术治疗上尿路结石(附717例报告)

目的　探讨复式脉冲HB V型低能量体外冲击碎石术 (ESWL)治疗各种上尿路结石的效果。　方法　采用复式脉冲HB ESWL VG型低能量碎石机治疗符合ESWL适应证的上尿路结石 717例 ,工作电压 3～ 9kV。其中直径≤ 2 .0cm肾结石 4 6 7例 ,平均冲击次数 2 30 0次 ;直径≤ 1.0cm输尿管结石 2 5 0例 ,平均冲击次数 2 80 0次。　结果　上中盏结石排净率 89.5 % (170 / 190 ) ,复打率 13.2 %(2 5 / 190 ) ;下盏结石排净率 81.6 % (16 9/ 2 0 7) ,复打率 17.4 % (36 / 2 0 7) ;肾盂结石排净率 92 .9% (6 5 / 70 ) ,复打率 5 .7% (4 / 70 ) ;输尿管结石总排净率 95 .2 % (2 38/ 2 5 0 ) ,总复打率 6 .4 % (16 / 2 5 0 )。碎石过程中出现轻度疼痛者 10 7例 (14 .9% ) ,治疗后出现肉眼血尿者 6 87例 (95 .8% ) ,1～ 3d后血尿消失。无肾周血肿等严重并发症。　结论　复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗上尿路结石成功率高 ,复打率低 ,副作用少 ,无严重并发症。     

低能量体外震波碎石机治疗尿路结石132例报告

目的：探讨低能量体外震波碎石机的治疗效果及其副作用。方法：应用ＭＺ－Ｖ型低能量体外震波碎石朵治疗尿路结石１３２例,治疗工作电压４．５￣９．５ｋＶ。结果：结石粉碎率为１００％。肾结石２个月排净率为９８．３％,输尿管结石１．５个月内排净率为９８．６％,副作用少,无严重并发症。结论：低能量体外震波碎石机与高能量体外震波碎石机疗效相当,当前者副作用较少且较轻微。     

双定位低能量ESWL治疗上尿路结石2 008例报告

观察双定位低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石的疗铲及并发症。方法：应用ＭＺ－Ｖ型Ｂ超、Ｘ线双定位低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石２００８例。结果：肾结石一次粉碎成功率达９８．３５％，输尿管结石达９７．４５％，无一例发生严重内脏损伤。结论：双定位低能量碎石机具有碎石成功率高，无严重并发症，定位方便等优点，弥补了单一定位系统的不足，使操作更方便，效果更理想。     

ESWL治疗尿路结石1380例报告

报告应用国产NSJ-15型水囊式碎石机治疗尿路结石1380例,其中肾结石535例,输尿管结石744例,肾伴输尿管结石90例,膀胱及后尿道结石12例。碎石率为99.06％,三个月结石排净率肾结石为92.84％,输尿管结石为92.43％。并对71例结石进行红外光谱分析以探讨结石成分与碎石效果的关系;对85例病人碎石前后尿液NAG酶测定以了解冲击波对肾脏损害情况。主张输尿管结石尽量采用原位治疗。     

B超定位体外冲击波碎石术治疗尿路结石20625例临床报告

目的 总结B超定位ESWL治疗尿路结石的临床经验. 方法 回顾性分析1995年8月至201 1年7月采用B超定位电磁冲击波体外碎石一体机治疗的20 625例尿路结石患者的临床资料.肾结石8659例,输尿管结石11 712例,膀胱结石 254例.阴性结石 1965例. 结果 结石总粉碎率97.04％( 20 014/20 625),其中肾结石粉碎率96.27％( 8336/8659),输尿管结石粉碎率97.56％(11 426/1l 712),膀胱结石粉碎率99.21％ (252/254).术后3个月结石总排净率91.69％(18 912/20 625),其中肾结石排净率86.63％(7501/8659),输尿管结石排净率95.32％ (11 164/11 712),膀胱结石排净率97.24％(247/254).阴性结石总粉碎率为97.91％(1924/1965),术后3个月排净率为94.40％(1855/1965).结论 B超定位ESWL治疗尿路结石安全有效,但需要严格掌握其适应证,以提高治疗效果.     

低能量ESWL治疗上尿路结石1020例临床分析

目的:观察低能量体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路结石的疗效及并发症。方法:应用MZ-V型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石1020例。结果:1020例结石均被粉碎,排石成功率为99.12％,无1例发生严重内脏损伤。结论:低能量碎石机具有碎石成功率高,无需镇痛,无严重并发症等优点,是目前治疗上尿路结石的理想方法。     

孤立肾上尿路结石的ESWL治疗

目的:总结孤立肾并发上尿路结石ESWL治疗的经验。方法:电压比非孤立肾者略低,JT-Ⅲ型机8～12kV,HB-V型机4～8kV;放电次数比非孤立肾者略少,Ⅲ型机1500～2000次,V型机3000～3500次;同时减慢冲击频率;间隔时间二周以上比非孤立肾者稍长。直径大于2cm或多发结石且颗粒较大者,先行经皮肾镜取石后残石再行ESWL,多发或直径大于1.5cm的结石留置双J管后再ESWL,梗阻引起急性肾功能减退者急诊ESWL或先行肾造瘘或逆行插管引流积水,肾功能基本恢复后再ESWL。结果:22例独肾结石除7例多发外,15例一次成功,6例输尿管结石除1例再碎石外,5例一次成功。结论:ESWL治疗孤立肾上尿路结石损伤小且疗效好。     

ESWL治疗上尿路结石临床体会(附1847例报告)

目的 总结ESWL治疗上尿路结石的经验. 方法 2006年1月～2011年10月,采用国产HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石1 847例并随访. 结果 第一次治疗成功碎石排石1 445例,有效率为78.2％,第二次治疗成功碎石排石370例,有效率为20.0％,治疗三次以上或转为手术等其他治疗方法的32例(1.7％).术后两周复查1 847例,随访率100％.6周内结石排净率为98％(1 810/1 847).并发症:患者术后均出现肉眼血尿,均轻微,肾结石患者术后12 ～ 24h内消失,输尿管结石患者术后血尿12h内消失；输尿管绞痛25例(1.4％),经静脉补液、解痉、止痛后缓解；输尿管石街形成12例(0.6％),经再次ESWL石街消失. 结论 ESWL治疗上尿路结石疗效确切,损伤较小,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广.     

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children. Efficacy, complications and long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is effective and safe for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in adults. Some speculations concerning possible damages from ESWL on the growing kidney have been raised. METHODS: From January 1990 to December 1998, 64 children (30 girls and 34 boys; 8 months to 15 years old, mean 5.6 years) with a total of 83 stones of the upper urinary tract were treated by ESWL (Lithostar). Preoperative evaluation included history, physical examination, routine blood tests, urinalysis, urine culture, intravenous urography and optional renal scintigraphy. The impulse rate per treatment varied from 750 to 4,000 (mean 2,996). After acute treatment, routine follow-up included renal ultrasound, blood pressure controls, laboratory tests and eventually plain film X-ray. RESULTS: Successful fragmentation of the stones was achieved in all patients. In 54% the patients were free of stones treated at the time of discharge. At 3 months after treatment radiographic studies showed no residual fragments in 80% of the treated children. 83% of the treated stones were cleared entirely. The remaining fragments were clinically insignificant. An average of 2.5 ESWL treatments per child in general anesthesia were required. Stone analysis showed 20 calcium oxalate, 38 calcium phosphate, 12 struvite, 2 uric acid and 9 cystine calculi. Ureteral stents were placed in 43%. No significant urinary infection was seen under antibiotic prophylaxis. Only 3 children showed a recurrence (1 x cystinuria with low compliance and 2 x struvite). There was no case of renal scarring. No change in renal function or blood pressure was found compared to the preoperative values. Hematuria and proteinuria disappeared in all children who were free of stones. Renal ultrasound revealed no growth difference between treated and untreated renal units. CONCLUSIONS: In childhood, ESWL is an efficacious and safe treatment of stones of the upper urinary tract. The long-term follow-up after ESWL with a second-generation lithotriptor did not show any signs of damage to the growing kidney. Sometimes repeated ESWL treatments are justified by the low rate of complications.     

低能量体外冲击击波碎石术研究进展

复式脉冲低能量体外冲击波碎石术治疗尿路结石成功率高,复打率低,副作用少,无严重并发症。本文就低能量体外冲击波碎石术提高成功率、减轻结石周围组织损伤及预防结石再复发的研究进展作一综述。     

Treatment of 2019 cases with upper urinary tract calculi using a piezoelectric lithotriptor ESL-500A

PURPOSE: We evaluated the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in a large number of cases with upper urinary tract calculi, and reported the strategy how to improve the efficacy and safety of ESWL. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eight hundred fifteen patients with renal calculi and 1,204 patients with ureteral calculi were treated using a piezoelectric ultrasound-guided lithotriptor, Toshiba ESL-500A. Auxiliary measures were needed in 51 cases (2.5%) and 1,968 cases (97.5%) were treated by in situ procedures. ESWL was performed with the optimal positioning of the patient and under the continuous monitoring by ultrasound system. The visibility of stones was improved by removal of abdominal gas and administration of diuretic agent to dilate the ureter. Cases with urinary tract infection were medicated by antibiotics and the obstruction of the urinary tract was cleared away as soon as possible. RESULTS: Including the cases with residual fragments less than 4 mm, the success rates at one month after the treatment were 97.7% and 98.7% for the renal and ureteral calculi, respectively. The mean numbers of sessions were 1.49 for renal calculi and 1.16 for ureteral calculi. Multiple sessions were required in 24.2% of renal calculi and 12.0% of ureteral calculi. No serious complication has been observed except for three cases, which were sepsis after ESWL, anuria in a solitary kidney, and pyonephrosis caused by Steinstrasse with urinary infection, respectively. CONCLUSION: ESWL using ESL-500A is an efficient treatment of upper urinary tract calculi which has higher pulverization rate and fewer complications in the adequate procedure.     

体外冲击波碎石术治疗幼儿尿石症(附6例报告)

目的：探讨体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗幼儿尿石症的特点。方法：回顾性分析行ESWL治疗的6例尿石症幼儿的术前诊断、ESWL过程、麻醉、体位、电压、冲击波次数及术后排石情况。结果：6例幼儿尿石症均经B超确诊，氯胺酮全身麻醉能满足ESWL要求，治疗电压、冲击波次数均明显低于成人，术后排石快而顺利，无严重并发症。结论：ESWL治疗幼儿尿石症安全、可靠、有效、住院时间短，是幼儿尿石症的首选治疗方法。     

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of pelvic kidney calculus. Use of C-arm fluoroscopy for correct patient positioning

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the preferred treatment modality for renal and upper ureteral calculi. It is usually reserved, however, for urinary tract calculi above the iliac crest of the bony pelvis. A calyx calculus in a pelvic kidney was successfully treated with ESWL by using a C-arm fluoroscope to simulate the exact direction of the shock waves. The patient was then positioned so that the shock waves entered below the sacrosciatic notch. This same technique of exact patient positioning may have application in the treatment of some lower ureteral calculi.     

ESWL与输尿管镜碎石联合处理上尿路结石

目的：探讨对部分上尿路结石采用ESWI．与输尿管镜碎石联合处理的方法。方法：对70例上尿路结石患者采用ESWI。与输尿管镜下钬激光碎石（URS）联合交替治疗。其中输尿管结石48例,。肾结石22例。结果：结石总排净率为91．4％00（64／70）,其中输尿管结石排净率为95．8％（46／48）,肾结石排净率为81．8％（18／22）。3例治疗失败,其中1例输尿管结石因输尿管狭窄无法入镜;另2例肾结石,1例因交替治疗次数过多中途停止治疗,1例因结石硬度过大ESWI,不佳,均改为PCNL术。结论：ESW[。与URS联合交替进行的疗法处理上尿路结石,避免了创伤性治疗,扩大了ESWI,治疗范围,降低了URS手术难度,缩短了URS操作时间,提高了结石排净率,患者创伤微小、恢复快、并发症少,是治疗上尿路结石,特别是部分复杂性上尿路结石较理想的方法之一。     

Role of computed tomography with no contrast medium enhancement in predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary calculi

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of urinary calculi attenuation values from non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) in predicting the outcome of treatment by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 112 patients with solitary renal and upper ureteric calculi of 0.5-2 cm undergoing ESWL. All patients had NCCT at 120 kV and 240 mA on a spiral CT scanner. During each ESWL session 3000 shock waves were given to a maximum of 3.0 kV. A final X-ray of the kidney, ureters and bladder was taken 12 weeks after the last ESWL session. Fragments of < or = 5 mm were regarded as clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF). The calculi retrieved were analysed by X-ray diffraction and the results assessed by comparing the mean density (as measured in Hounsfield units, HU) with the number of ESWL sessions and clearance. RESULTS: In all, 82 (76%) patients had complete clearance of stones and 26 (24%) had CIRF. There was a linear relationship between the calculus density and number of ESWL sessions required. Of patients with calculi of < or = 750 HU, 41 (80%) needed three or fewer ESWL sessions and 45 (88%) had complete clearance. Of patients with calculi of > 750 HU, 41 (72%) required three or more ESWL sessions, and 37 (65%) had complete clearance. The best outcome was in patients with calculus diameters of < 1.1 cm and mean densities of < or = 750 HU; 34 (83%) needed three or fewer ESWL sessions, and the clearance rate was 90%. The worst outcome was in patients with calculus densities of > 750 HU and diameters of > 1.1 cm; 23 (77%) needed three or more ESWL sessions and the clearance rate was only 60%. The calculus density was a stronger predictor of outcome than size alone. CONCLUSIONS: The use of NCCT for determining the attenuation values of urinary calculi before ESWL might help to predict the treatment outcome, and so might help in planning alternative treatment in patients with a likelihood of a poor outcome from ESWL.     

Clinical studies on thirty-two cases of childhood urolithiasis

We evaluated 32 patients with urinary calculi under 16 years of age over the past 14 years since the founding of the Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine. They comprised 0.8% of the total urolithiasis patients. They consisted of 18 boys and 14 girls with a male-to-female ratio of 1.29. The average age was 8.7 years for boys and 10.4 years for girls without any marked peak. The most frequently chief complaint was hematuria which was present in 15 cases (47%). Although pyuria was seen in seven cases (22%), urinary bacterial culture was positive only in 5. The underlying diseases could be diagnosed in 13 cases (41%), of which eight cases (62%) developed metabolic disorder. The sites of calculi were determined in 29 cases (91%), of which 28 had stones in the upper urinary tract. Surgical treatment was performed on 16 cases in 17 sessions. Ureterolithotomy was done in as many as five cases, followed by pyeloplasty in four cases. Nephrectomy was performed in only one case. There was only one case which had been treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The composition of calculi was found in 21 cases (66%), the majority or 13 cases (57%) of which had calcium-containing stones. Nevertheless, there was no case of hypercalciuria. When compared to the previous reports in Japan, it was worthy of note that calculi in the upper urinary tract and calcium-containing stones had higher incidences. It is expected that more patients will be treated with ESWL in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)