板蓝根正丁醇部位抗病毒活性组分及相关化学成分研究

目的研究板蓝根Isatidis Radix正丁醇部位的抗病毒活性组分及相关成分。方法利用溶剂法及色谱法提取分离板蓝根正丁醇部位各化学组分,MTT法体外筛选各组分抗单纯疱疹病毒1(HSV-1)活性,利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS检测正丁醇部位及各组分的化学成分,运用Markview软件及Excel软件进行各组分差异性成分分析,根据统计结果得到抗病毒相关的化学成分。结果按照化学成分的相似性,利用色谱法将板蓝根正丁醇部位分为20个组分,其中10个组分具有明显抗病毒活性。UPLC-Q-TOF-MS检测到正丁醇部位中的44个化学成分,并明确了它们的化学结构,在各化学组分的分析检测及差异性分析中,发现了生物碱类、有机酸、糖和氨基酸衍生物共15个化学成分与抗病毒活性相关;尤其是1-甲氧基-3-甲醛、3-(3′,5′-二甲氧基-4′-羟基)-2-吲哚酮、1-甲氧基-3-吲哚酮、3-(甲基硫代)芥子油苷、氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯在活性组分中量较高。结论板蓝根正丁醇部位以吲哚类生物碱、有机酸、核苷及氨基酸类成分为主,其中的单吲哚类、硫苷类及糖和氨基酸衍生物与抗病毒活性密切相关。     

黄蜀葵花总黄酮药理活性的研究进展

黄蜀葵花为锦葵科植物黄蜀葵的干燥花冠,含黄酮类、还原糖类、鞣质类及长链烃类等化合物,其中,黄酮类化合物为主要活性成分。现从改善肾功能、抗炎、解热镇痛、保护心脑缺血损伤、促进血管新生、降血糖和抗感染等方面综述黄蜀葵花总黄酮的药理活性研究进展。     

Carbohydrates from garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) as inhibitors of adenosine deaminase enzyme activity

The effect of several fructose polysaccharides or fructans, isolated from the fresh cloves of garlic (Allium sativum L.), on the activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is reported. The oligomers consisting of between 9 and 14 monosaccharide units have the highest enzyme inhibiting activity, whereas the higner polymers with a degree of polymerization up to 60, as well as lower sugars, have little or no activity at all. Since the inhibition is of the competitive type, it is assumed that a close structural relationship to the natural substrate, adenosine, is required for the interaction of the inhibitors with the enzyme molecule, presumably through binding to its active centre.     

大血藤叶片提取物抑菌活性与次生代谢产物含量的通径分析

 目的比较5个不同产地大血藤叶片提取物对5种细菌的抑菌活性,通过对抑菌活性和次生代谢产物含量进行通径分析,以确定进一步开发研究的目标化合物。方法采用纸片琼脂扩散法测定抑菌圈大小,利用分光光度法对次生代谢产物含量进行测定,采用逐步回归和通径分析的方法确定目标化合物。结果大血藤叶片提取物的抑菌活性高于其他器官。不同产地大血藤叶片提取物对5种细菌的抑菌活性与浓度之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系,即随着浓度的升高,抑菌效果明显增高。当药液为每1 mL含1 g生药,大血藤叶片提取物对5种细菌的抑菌效果为枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌> 苏云金芽孢杆菌>铜绿假单胞菌。不同产地大血藤叶片的抑菌活性与次生代谢产物含量差异均较大,抑菌活性与次生代谢产物含量之间的通径分析显示,影响犬血藤叶片提取物抑菌活性的主要次生代谢产物为黄酮类化合物和生物碱。聚类分析显示高抑菌活性的大血藤的适生区域为大雷山和百山祖。结论大血藤叶片具有抑菌活性,相关的次生代谢产物可能为黄酮类化合物和生物碱     

Cycloartane triterpenoids from Cimicifuga yunnanensis induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells (MCF7) via p53‐dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway

The present study was carried out to investigate the antitumor activity of five cycloartane triterpenoids isolated from Cimicifuga yunnanensis on the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and its corresponding drug resistant subline R‐MCF7, including cimigenol‐3‐O‐β‐d ‐xylopyranoside (compound 1), 25‐O‐acetylcimigenol‐3‐O‐β‐d ‐xylopyranoside (compound 2), 25‐chlorodeoxycimigenol‐3‐O‐β‐d ‐xylopyranoside (compound 3), 25‐O‐acetylcimigenol‐3‐O‐α‐l ‐arabinopyranoside (compound 4) and 23‐O‐acetylcimigenol‐3‐O‐β‐d ‐xylopyranoside (compound 5). The results showed that compounds 2–5 have relatively high antitumor activity on both MCF7 and R‐MCF7 cells. The involvement of apoptosis as a major cause of cycloartane triterpenoids‐induced cell death was further confirmed. The results of RT‐PCR showed that compounds 2–5 increased the expression of p53 and bax, which led to the loss of mitochondrial potential and then resulted in the activation of caspase‐7. These findings collectively demonstrated that compounds 2–5 induced apoptosis of MCF7 via p53‐dependent mitochondrial pathway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于凝血活性和星点设计-效应面法的黄槐复方提取工艺研究

运用纤维蛋白原平板法,以凝血酶为参照,建立体外凝血活性测定的方法,以体外凝血活性为指标,筛选黄槐复方提取路线,并在单因素试验基础上,以黄芩苷、芦丁提取转移率和浸膏得率的综合评分值为因变量,乙醇浓度、溶剂用量、提取时间为影响因素,利用星点设计3因素5水平试验,进行二次多项式拟合,通过效应面法优选黄槐复方提取工艺,并测定其凝血活性。结果表明凝血酶浓度在0.4~16 U·m L~(-1)与沉淀圈面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.997 5;平均加样回收率为103.8%,RSD4.7%;黄槐合提浸膏的沉淀圈面积38.81 mm~2,比分提浸膏沉淀圈面积大;黄槐浸膏的日用量的活性84.28 U。黄槐复方的最佳提取工艺为加6倍量40%乙醇,提取3次,每次2 h,综合评分值预测值为94.26,验证值为88.34,与预测值偏差为6.28%,最佳提取工艺制得的中间体凝血活性较好。所建立的方法可以简便、快速、准确地测定黄槐复方的凝血活性,可用于后续工艺的筛选以及质量控制。     

奇壬醇的结构修饰及其抗凝血因子FXa活性研究

目的 研究有抗凝血因子FXa活性的奇壬醇衍生物,发现具有开发价值的先导化合物。方法 通过氧化、酯化、酰胺化反应,对奇壬醇进行结构修饰,采用核磁和质谱数据对这些衍生物进行表征,并通过以FXa为靶标的计算机辅助药物设计结合体外抗凝血因子FXa试验评价衍生物的活性;结果 得到奇壬醇衍生物15个,其中新化合物14个（化合物2～15）,体外抗凝血因子FXa活性筛选得到1个活性较好的衍生物（化合物12）,抑制常数（inhibitor constant,K_i值）为（589.40±80.12）nmol/L。结论 计算机辅助药物设计和体外凝血因子FXa试验结果显示化合物12的抑制活性最好,为继续开展奇壬醇的结构修饰研究提供有益参考,具有一定的研究价值。     

金钗石斛中联苄类和酚酸类成分的抗氧化活性研究

 目的研究金钗石斛体积分数60%乙醇提取物中联苄类和酚酸类成分的抗氧化活性,探讨其抗氧化活性与结构的关系。方法综合运用现代色谱学和光谱学方法对金钗石斛体积分数60%乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行分离鉴定;采用1,1-苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除法和氧自由基清除能力法两种体外活性测试方法评价分得的16个化合物的抗氧化活性。结果从金钗石斛体积分数60%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个新的联苄类化合物和13个酚酸类化合物,将它们的结构鉴定为nobilinA(1),nobilinB(2),nobilinC(3),丁香酸(syringicacid)(4),2-羟基苯丙醇(2-hydroxyphenylpropanol)(5),香草醛(vanil-lin)(6),罗布麻宁(apocynin)(7),松柏醛(coniferylaldehyde)(8),丁香醛(syringaldehyde)(9),丁香乙酮(syringylethanone)(10),对羟基苯甲醛(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde)(11),3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙醇(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethanol)(12),α-羟基丁香丙酮(α-hydroxysyringylethanone)(13),二氢松柏醇(dihydroxyconiferylalcohol)(14),对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoicacid)(15),对羟基苯丙酸(p-hydroxyphenylpropionicacid)(16)。1-二苯基-2-苄基苯肼(DPPH)法活性测试中,化合物4的活性明显强于维生素C(VitC),化合物1,2,12,14显示出弱于VitC但强于2,6-二羟丁基对甲酚(BHT)的活性,化合物3和8只显示很弱的活性;氧自由基清除能力法(ORAC)法测试结果表明,化合物2～4,7～10,15显示出强于VitC的活性,化合物12,14,16活性较弱。结论金钗石斛中的联苄类和酚酸类化合物大多具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,活性的强弱与分子结构之间存在一定的相关性。     

Stilbenoids from Rheum undulatum Protect Hepatocytes Against Oxidative Stress Through AMPK Activation

Oxidative stress promotes several diseases, including liver disease. We have isolated several stilbenoids from Rheum undulatum to investigate their hepatoprotective activities and mechanism. Stilbenoids from R. undulatum protects hepatocytes against arachidonic acid + iron (AA + Fe) induced oxidative stress. Pterostilbene (compound 5) shows stronger activity than the others. Trimethoxystilbenoid (compound 6) shows best activity on protection of HepG2 cells from AA + Fe‐induced oxidative stress, and trans‐stilbenoid (compound 7) shows weak activity. These stilbenoids suppress ROS generation in AA + Fe‐treated HepG2 cells and also suppress AA + Fe‐induced MMP disruption. Their protective effects on AA + Fe‐induced MMP disruption were abrogated by treatment of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, compound C or transfection of dominant negative form of AMPK. Taken together, stilbenoids from R. undulatum protect hepatocytes against AA + Fe‐induced oxidative stress through AMPK activation. And the methoxy groups in the aryl groups are important for their cytoprotective activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Amhezole,A Novel Fungal Secondary Metabolite from Aspergillus terreus for Treatment of Microbial Mouth Infection

Bio‐guided fractionation of Aspergillus terreus extract leads to isolation of a novel terpenoidal secondary metabolite. The isolated compound and the total alcoholic extract of Aspergillus terreus showed a remarkable activity against microbial mouth infections; namely, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus gordonii, and S. mutan. Moreover, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the isolated compound was determined and showed low values. The combination of each of the alcoholic extract of A. terreus and the isolated compound Coe‐Comfort tissue conditioner inhibited the growth of Candida albicans at concentrations of 500 and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively, Lactobacillus acidophilus at concentrations of 250 and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively, Streptococcus gordonii at concentrations of 1000 and 62.50 µg/mL, respectively, and S. mutans at concentrations of 1000 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. The oral dosing of the extract and the isolated compound did not show any significant effect on the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspirate aminotransferase, and the levels of blood urea and serum creatinine. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry, and biotechnological advances of family Apocynaceae: A review

The family Apocynaceae is one of the largest and important families in angiosperm. Several members of this family have medicinal properties and have been in the treatment of various ailments. Most of them are consumed as food by tribal people whereas a few plants are used as source of poison. Members of family Apocynaceae are rich in alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, simple phenols, lactones, and hydrocarbons. Other compounds such as sterols, lignans, sugars, lignans, and lactones have been isolated and systematically studied. Few studies have reported antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts as well as single compound(s) isolated from various members of the family Apocynaceae. Holarrhena antidysenterica, Rauvolfia serpentina, Carissa carandas, and Tabernaemontana divaricata are the extensively studied plants in this family. The present review provides a detailed outlook on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biological activities of selected members of this family. Moreover, it also covers the biotechnological advances used for large‐scale production of bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest along with plant tissue culture‐based approaches for conservation of this medicinally valuable family.     

Antimicrobial activity of crenatine,an alkaloid synthesized from indole

Synthesized crenatine, a B-carboline alkaloid previously isolated from Quassia undulata (Guill & Perr) D. Dietr (Simaroubaceae) is shown to possess antibacterial but no antifungal activity. The activity was tested in vitro against seven Gram-positive, ten Gram-negative bacteria and a yeast at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The compound was found to be more effective against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria.     

Anthelmintic Activity of a Root Extract of Ritchiea capparoides var. longipedicellata

The methanol extract of the roots of Ritchiea capparoides var. longipedicellata was evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic activity against tapeworms, earthworms and roundworms. The extract was more active on tapeworms and had the least effect on roundworms. The activity was 2–4 times lower than that of the reference compound, piperazine citrate.     

Infusions and decoctions of mixed herbs used in folk medicine: synergism in antioxidant potential

Infusions (herbal teas) and decoctions are used frequently to administer oral doses of herbs. Although some herbs are used as single ingredients, they are often prepared as mixtures, as reported by numerous ethnobotanical surveys. The present work was carried out to identify the different types of interaction (synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects) which may be found in the antioxidant activity of preparations from mixtures of the popular herbs Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Mentha spicata (spearmint). Herbs were prepared using traditional methods, and the effects after different periods of storage, up to 120 days, were also evaluated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the β‐carotene – linoleate system and the TBARS assay. Known antioxidant compounds such as total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and reducing sugars were also determined. Spearmint was found to be present in the herb mixtures with the greatest antioxidant activity and these also had the highest flavonoid content. The most potent antioxidant activity was found in combinations of different herbs, suggesting synergistic effects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加拿大一枝黄花黄酮类成分及抗氧化与自由基消除活性的研究

 目的研究外来植物加拿大一枝黄花中黄酮类成分及其抗氧化和自由基消除活性。方法应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,应用MS和NMR技术鉴定化合物的结构,采用1,1-二苯基苦味基苯肼(DPPH)自由基消除实验进行抗氧化和自由基消除活性的研究。结果从加拿大一枝黄花的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定出9个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:槲皮素(1)、3-甲氧基槲皮素(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4)、芦丁(5)、山柰酚(6)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8)、山柰酚-3-O-芦丁糖苷(9);自由基消除实验发现,与维生素C相比,化合物1的抗氧化和自由基消除活性最强,化合物2和3显示出中等活性,化合物4~9的活性较弱。结论化合物2,4,8和9首次从该植物中得到,加拿大一枝黄花中的黄酮类成分具有较强的抗氧化和自由基消除活性,其活性强弱与分子结构相关。     

A Novel Diterpene Skeleton: Identification of a Highly Aromatic,Cytotoxic and Antioxidant 5‐Methyl‐10‐demethyl‐abietane‐type Diterpene from Premna serratifolia

Premna serratifolia Linn. (syn: . P. corymbosa (Burm. f.) Merr., P. integrifolia L. and P. obtusifolia R. Br.) is a member of the Verbenaceae family that is extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. As part of our continuous pharmacological and phytochemical studies on medicinal plants, we have screened the methanolic extracts of leaves, root bark (RB) and root wood of P. serratifolia for cytotoxic activity against two cancer cell lines: SHSY‐5Y neuroblastoma and B16 melanoma cells. The RB extract that showed promising activity was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity followed by a combination of Sephadex LH‐20 column and Combiflash chromatography as well as HPLC to afford the active principle. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) and MS analysis revealed the identity of the isolated compound as 11,12,16‐trihydroxy‐2‐oxo‐5‐methyl‐10‐demethyl‐abieta‐1[10],6,8,11,13‐pentene that appears to be a novel compound based on a new diterpene skeleton. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compound was 21 and 23 times higher than the crude extract against the SHSY‐5Y and B16 cells, respectively. The novel compound also possesses in vitro antioxidant effects as evidenced by the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect where an IC₅₀ value of 20.4 ± 1.3 μM was obtained. In comparison, the positive control, caffeic acid, showed an IC₅₀ value of 14.4 ± 1.6 μM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红芪多糖药理作用及机制的研究进展

红芪是甘肃道地药材,现代药学研究表明红芪多糖是红芪的主要活性成分,是由五碳糖、六碳糖和其衍生物糖醇或糖酸构成的植物多糖,具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、机体保护、防治糖尿病及抗骨质疏松等药理作用。通过对红芪多糖的药理作用进行综述,阐明红芪多糖药理作用可能的机制,为红芪多糖的进一步研究及临床应用提供理论依据。     

Comparative antioxidant activity of an extract of Lithraea molleoides and an isolated 5‐alkyl resorcinol derivative. Effects on the proliferation of normal and tumoral lymphocytes

Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), is known in South America for its medicinal properties: antiarthritic, haemostatic, diuretic, tonic and useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Previously the isolation of a new cytotoxic 5‐alkyl resorcinol derivative, 1,3‐dihydroxy‐5‐(tridec‐4′,7′‐dienyl) benzene, from a dichloromethane extract (DM) was reported. The aim of this work was to determine and to compare the antioxidant activity of DM and the isolated compound, 1,3‐dihydroxy‐5‐(tridec‐4′,7′‐dienyl) benzene. Moreover, the activity of both on the proliferation of tumoral and normal lymphocytes was determined. The compound was isolated and quantified by HPLC. The compound represented 0.036% of DM. The extract and the compound exerted antioxidant activity by DPPH and FTC methods. On tumoral cells, both exerted antiproliferative action but the compound was more active (EC₅₀: 17.4 ± 1 µg/mL). On normal lymphocytes, both exerted a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation inversely related to concentration, the extract was more active than the compound (maximum effect: 300 ± 20% of stimulation). Most of the effects observed with the extract were independent of the isolated compound. DM could be an important source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory compounds to be studied on cancer diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anticandidal Activity of Extracts and a Novel Compound,Amnomopin, Isolated From Petriella setifera

A novel triterpenoidal compound named ‘amnomopin’ (3β‐diglucoside‐5,12‐28‐oic acid), which is named IUPAC as 3‐O ‐(2′ ? 1″diglucoside)1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b‐octadecahydro‐10‐hydroxy‐2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a‐heptamethylpicene‐4a‐carboxylic acid, was isolated from the extract Petriella setifera . The total alcoholic extract of P. setifera showed a great activity against clinically isolated Candida species, including Candida albicans , Candida dubliniensis , Candida famata , Candida glabrata , Candida inconspicua , Candida kefyr , Candida krusei , Candida norvegensis , Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis . Also, the new compound amnomopin was active against all the investigated Candida species. The highest anticandidal activity of P. setifera extract was obtained against C. kefyr (22.6 ± 1.5 mm), C. albicans and C. norvegensis (21.3 ± 0.63 mm) and C. krusei (20.6 ± 1.5 mm). Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both the total extract and the isolated compound were low. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the compound isolated from P. setifera was 0.49 μg/mL against C. kefyr , 0.98 μg/mL against C. albicans and C. norvegensis and 1.95 μg/mL against C. krusei. The oral dosing of the extract and the isolated compound did not show any significant effect on the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspirate aminotransferase and the levels of blood urea and serum creatinine. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Influence of Selected Flavonoids from the Leaves of Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. on Collagen Expression in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Ten flavonoids belonging to the subclasses of flavones, flavanones and aurones were isolated from methanolic extract of Cirsium palustre leaves after multistep chromatographic separation. Their structures were elucidated with spectroscopic methods. All compounds, except for luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, were isolated for the first time. Four compounds—eriodictyol 7‐O‐glucoside (6), 6‐hydroxyluteolin 7‐O‐glucoside (11), scutellarein 7‐O‐glucoside (12) and pedalitin (14)—were tested for their effect on collagen expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Among them, compound 11 at 40 μM and compound 14, at all concentrations used (1, 20, 40 μM), significantly enhanced the level of total collagen secreted into the medium. Furthermore, compound 11 significantly stimulated type I collagen expression, whereas compound 14 activated type I and III collagen expression at the mRNA level, depending on concentration. MMP‐2 activity was inhibited by all study compounds, with the greatest effect recorded with compound 14 at 20 μM. The lack of effect on collagen content in the medium of compound 6‐ and compound 12‐treated cells, besides an increase in COL1A1 and COL1A2 expression, might be caused by diminished expression of HSP47 gene, resulting in decreased procollagen secretion. Future study of compounds 11 and 14 for their potential therapeutic use in conditions connected with collagen biosynthesis deficiency is required. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.