天麻钩藤降压胶囊降压及镇静作用研究

目的:观察天麻钩藤降压胶囊降压及镇静安神的作用.方法:SHR大鼠以天麻钩藤降压胶囊(5.4,10.8,21.6 g·kg-1) ig,1次/d,连续给药4周,观察对大鼠收缩压的影响;小鼠以天麻钩藤降压胶囊(7.8,15.6,31.2g·kg-1 )ig,1次/d,连续5d,末次给药1h后,ip戊巴比妥钠55 mg· kg-1,记录睡眠时间;ip硫代氨基脲16 mg·kg-1,记录惊厥时间(惊厥潜伏期),惊厥次数;末次给药1h后,将动物放入YLS-1A多功能小鼠自主活动记录仪,记录10 min内小鼠自主活动次数.结果:天麻钩藤降压胶囊低、中、高剂量给药均可明显降低SHR大鼠收缩压(P＜0.01);天麻钩藤降压胶囊高剂量组能明显延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间,模型组和高剂量组分别为(42.70±12.23),(91.40±64.79) min,(P＜0.05),高剂量组延长硫代氨基脲所致小鼠惊厥潜伏期,模型组与高剂量组分别为(56.20±7.69),(68.70±19.34) min,(P＜0.05),对惊厥次数无显著影响;天麻钩藤降压胶囊对小鼠自主活动无明显影响.结论:天麻钩藤降压胶囊有一定的降压和镇静催眠作用.     

Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from Fructus Schisandrae in mice and rats

Fruits of Fructus Schisandrae have been used as medicine for the treatment for insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present research, the sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit (SY3) were studied in mice and rats. In the open field test, SY3 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the motor activity of mice compared to the normal. Results also showed SY3 potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by not only increasing the number of falling asleep and prolonging sleeping time but also reducing sleep latency. Furthermore, sleep–wake stages of rats were evaluated by polytrophic recording for 3 h after treatment. The results demonstrated that SY3 at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg behaved remarkable action on sleep architecture of rats, which contain the increase of total sleeping time, the rate of deep slow wave sleep (SWS) and mean episode duration of deep SWS, and the decrease of the latency of deep SWS. Therefore, these results suggest that the ethanol fraction of Fructus Schisandrae fruit possesses potent sedative and hypnotic activity, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia.     

双夏汤不同洗脱液镇静催眠作用研究

目的：研究双夏汤不同洗脱液的镇静催眠作用。方法：通过测定小鼠自主活动和对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量诱导睡眠的作用,观察双夏汤水煎液、水洗液、20%、70%和95%醇洗液的镇静催眠作用。结果：双夏汤水煎液、20%和95%醇洗液显著降低小鼠的站立次数,分别为78.5%,78.3%和62.5%;双夏汤水洗液和70%醇洗液能显著降低小鼠自主活动次数（P<0.01）、站立次数（P<0.01）和修饰时间（P<0.05）。双夏汤水煎液能明显缩短小鼠睡眠的潜伏期（P<0.05）,延长小鼠睡眠时间（P<0.05）,增加小鼠的入睡率。双夏汤水洗液能显著缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期（P<0.05）,增加小鼠的入睡率。结论：双夏汤水煎液和水洗液的镇静催眠作用优于醇洗液。     

刺五加与五味子合用对小鼠镇静催眠作用的研究

目的:研究刺五加与五味子合用后对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法:采用阈上和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠法,对刺五加和五味子单用及合用的镇静催眠作用进行比较研究。应用戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠的方法,研究刺五加和五味子改善睡眠作用的量效关系。结果:刺五加可以延长睡眠时间(P<0.01),起效剂量为16g/kg,起效范围为16～128g/kg,其中剂量为64g/kg时效果最为显著。五味子可以缩短睡眠潜伏期(P<0.05),起效剂量为3g/kg,起效范围为3～12g/kg,其中剂量为12g/kg时效果最为显著。与空白组相比,刺五加与五味子合用组可显著缩短戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡潜伏期(P<0.01)并能延长其睡眠时间(P<0.01),能明显增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡率(P<0.05)。其作用优于单用刺五加组和单用五味子组。结论:刺五加与五味子合用具有镇静催眠的作用。     

花椒，肉豆蔻防霉作用实验研究

目的：观察花椒、肉豆蔻对5种霉菌的抑制作用。方法：测定花椒、肉豆蔻挥发油,水提液对5种霉菌的MIC和MFC。结果：花椒、肉豆蔻挥发油成分有明显的抗菌作用;其挥发油成分成对5种霉菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度相等。结论：花椒、肉豆蔻是高效、安全、价廉的天然防霉药物,可广泛用于食物、中药材及其制品等领域的防霉。     

复方酸枣安神胶囊催眠作用实验研究

目的研究复方酸枣安神胶囊对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法采用小鼠自主活动记数法研究复方酸枣安神胶囊的镇静作用,通过直接诱导小鼠睡眠,观察阈上、阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠对小鼠睡眠的协同作用。结果复方酸枣安神胶囊能明显降低小鼠的自主活动次数,延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠的睡眠时间,减少睡眠潜伏期;未见对小鼠有明显直接诱导睡眠作用,但与阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠对小鼠睡眠具有明显的协同作用,使入睡小鼠个数显著增加。结论复方酸枣安神胶囊具有一定的镇静催眠作用。     

Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents,crocin and safranal,in mice

Saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) is used for insomnia and anxiety in traditional medicine. In this study, the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of saffron aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, were studied in mice. Agents were administered intraperitoneally in mice before the experiments for the evaluation of hypnotic activity (induced by sodium pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), anxiolytic activity (elevated plus maze test), locomotor activity (open field test) and motor coordination (Rotarod test). The aqueous extract reduced the locomotor activity dose dependently. At low doses, saffron showed a significant increase in the time on the open arms of the maze. When using the Rotarod method, the aqueous extract showed considerable effect on motor coordination of the mice. In the hypnotic test, only a dose of 0.56 g/kg of saffron increased the total sleep. Crocin showed no anxiolytic, hypnotic or myorelaxation effects. Safranal, in higher doses, 0.15 and 0.35 mL/kg, showed anxiolytic effects. Safranal increased the total sleep time dose dependently. This constituent at lower doses (0.05 and 0.15 mL/kg) decreased some locomotion activity parameters. Safranal demonstrated no effects on motor coordination. The results showed that saffron aqueous extract and safranal have anxiolytic and hypnotic effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

五味子醋镇静催眠抗焦虑作用及其作用机制

目的:观察五味子醋(Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus Vinegar,SV)的镇静催眠抗焦虑作用并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:将50只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、地西泮组(镇静实验剂量为2 mg·kg-1,催眠及抗焦虑实验剂量为4 mg·kg-1)和SV低、中、高剂量组(灌胃给予相应剂量SV)。各组连续灌胃给药7 d后,采用自主活动记录仪观察SV对小鼠自主活动的影响;通过阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠协同睡眠实验观察SV对小鼠睡眠只数、潜伏期及睡眠时间的影响。采用高架十字迷宫(elevated plus maze,EPM)检测SV的抗焦虑作用;采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测SV对小鼠脑组织中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricacid,GABA)及谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)含量的影响;应用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测SV对小鼠脑组织中GABAAα1及GABAAγ2表达的影响。结果:与正常组比较,SV中、高剂量组小鼠自主活动次数明显减少(P0.05,P0.01),协同阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠只数增加;协同阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠潜伏期明显缩短、睡眠时间显著延长(P0.05,P0.01),EPM模型小鼠开臂/在臂滞留时间率(OT)和开臂/在臂进入次数比率(OE%)明显增加(P0.05);SV高剂量组小鼠脑组织中GABA含量显著增加(P0.01),Glu含量显著减少(P0.01);SV中、高剂量组小鼠脑组织中GABAAα1和GABAAγ2蛋白表达明显增加(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:SV具有镇静、催眠及抗焦虑作用,该作用与其调节小鼠脑组织中GABA,Glu含量及GABAAα1,GABAAγ2蛋白表达有关。     

肝胆两益汤镇静催眠作用及其机制研究

目的:研究肝胆两益汤对小鼠的镇静催眠作用及其作用机制.方法:将KM小鼠随即分为正常组、安定组(1.3mg· kg-1)、百乐眠组(0.3g·kg-1组)和肝胆两益汤组(5.2,2.6,1.3,0.65 g·kg-1),按照10 mL·kg-1 ig给药,连续给药7d,正常组ig等量蒸馏水.观察肝胆两益汤对小鼠ip戊巴比妥钠阈剂量;采用转棒法观察肝胆两益汤对小鼠运动协调性的影响,观察肝胆两益汤对小鼠自主活动的影响;高效液相色谱法检测肝胆两益汤对小鼠脑组织中氨基酸类神经递质[天门冬氨酸(Asp),谷氨酸(Glu),甘氨酸(Gly)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)]含量的影响.结果:肝胆两益汤2.6,1.3g·kg-组能显著缩短小鼠入睡潜伏期、显著延长小鼠睡眠持续时间和显著减低小鼠自主活动次数(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01),而对小鼠运动协调性没有明显的影响.肝胆两益汤5.2 g·kg-1组能显著升高小鼠脑组织中GABA,Asp,Glu的含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),2.6g·kg-1组能显著增加小鼠脑组织中GABA,Gly的含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而1.3 g·kg-1组能显著升高小鼠脑组织中GABA的含量(P＜0.01).结论:肝胆两益汤有显著的镇静催眠作用,其作用机制可能与增加脑组织中抑制性氨基酸GABA和Gly的含量有关.     

赤芝孢子粉肠溶滴丸对大鼠镇静催眠作用研究

目的:研究赤芝孢子粉提取物肠溶滴丸灌胃给药后对大鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法:采用阈上和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠、致大鼠睡眠的方法,考察不同剂量、不同给药方式下赤芝孢子粉提取物对大鼠睡眠时间及主动活动等的影响。结果:采用阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导大鼠催眠作用表明,灌胃孢子粉肠溶滴丸1.5及2.5g/kg,可明显延长睡眠时间(p<0.01);采用阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导大鼠催眠作用表明,灌胃孢子粉肠溶滴丸1.5及2.5g/kg,可明显延长睡眠时间(p<0.05),与皮下同剂量注射给药相比无显著性差异。结论:赤芝孢子粉提取物肠溶滴丸剂对于大鼠具有镇静催眠作用。     

青葙子提取物降血糖活性的研究

 目的研究青葙子提取物对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用。方法采用体积分数95%乙醇和水连续浸提青葙子获得醇提(A)和水提浸膏(B)。醇提浸膏用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇连续萃取,获得不同部分。水提物采用3倍乙醇沉淀分为醇溶部分和粗多糖。尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立小鼠糖尿病模型,给予青葙子提取物灌胃,1 g·kg^-1或800 mg·kg^-1,连续3周, 测定血糖、血清中胰岛素含量及饮水量和耗食量,测定小鼠肝、肾、脾和胰腺重量指数。结果青葙子醇提物和水提物均有一定降血糖活性,其中醇提物的正丁醇部分(A-c)和水提物中粗多糖部分(B-b)具有显著降血糖活性,粗多糖部分具有明显促进胰岛素分泌作用,效果优于格列本脲(2 mg·kg^-1)。A-c和B-b能使四氧嘧啶引起的糖尿病小鼠肾脏和肝脏的肿胀恢复接近正常。结论青葙子提取物时四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠具有降血糖作用。     

Assessment of the hypnotic/sedative effects and toxicity of Passiflora edulis aqueous extract in rodents and humans

Passiflora species are used in folk medicine as hypnotic and sedative treatments. In this study the hypnotic-sedative effects and toxicity of Passiflora edulis were assessed in rats and mice and in healthy volunteers. It was verified that some samples of Passiflora edulis had a nonspecific central nervous system depressant effect. Furthermore, hepatobiliary and pancreatic toxicity to animals and humans were detected.     

Sedative activity in mice of a hydroalcohol extract of Hypericum perforatum L.

The sedative activity of a hydroalcohol extract of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) and some of its isolated constituents was evaluated in mice. A dry hydroalcohol extract, orally administered at 26.5 mg/kg, induced a marked sedation as measured by two different tests (actimeter and sleep potentiation), compared with controls (diazepam, 2 mg/kg, per os). Several fractions were isolated from this hydroalcohol extract: hypericin, flavones, butanol fraction, aqueous fraction; a separation and purification method was developed for hypericin. None of the isolated fractions exhibited the same sedative activity as the hydroalcohol extract. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

酸枣仁中黄酮类镇静催眠有效成分的研究

本文对辽宁产的酸枣仁中的黄酮类成分进行了初步研究,从中分离出一种淡黄色无定形粉末,经鉴定为黄酮碳甙(spinosin)。动物实验证明,酸枣仁中镇静催眠作用的成分不仅是皂甙成分,黄酮也是主要成分之一。     

Effects of Alcea pallida L. (A.) and Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC infusions on swimming performance in mice

In Turkish folk medicine, Alcea pallida L. (A.) and Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC have been used for various purposes, such as expectorant, sedative, diuretic, diaphoretic, sedative activities etc. Since some of the folkloric uses may be related to anti-stress (adaptogenic) activity, the effects of fresh infusions of A. pallida and T. argentea on mouse swimming performance were investigated. On the basis of our findings, these two plants prolonged the swimming time, suggesting an antistress (adaptogenic) activity.     

Assessment of Sedative Effects of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and Passiflora alata Extracts in Mice,Measured by Telemetry

Several Passiflora species have been used widely as a folk medicine due to their sedative and anxiolytic activities. In Brazil, a number of native plants of the genus Passiflora exist, but only Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (PE) and Passiflora alata (PA) are of commercial value. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the sedative effects of aqueous extracts obtained from the pericarp as well as from the leaves of PE and PA in mice using radiotelemetry. Aqueous extracts from PE and PA were tested for effects on locomotion over 180 min in 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg, in male C57BL/6J mice after oral administration. For validation of the telemetry system, caffeine (negative control) and midazolam (positive control) were used. All tested extracts decreased locomotor activity in a dose‐dependent manner in comparison to the control group. The two lower concentrations of each extract showed the highest decrease in locomotion after 24 min, while 1200 mg/kg had a significant sedative effect already after 18 min. Interestingly, aqueous extracts of PA were more active in comparison to aqueous extracts of PE and the pericarp extracts of both plants showed more pronounced effects on locomotor activity if compared to leaf extracts. In conclusion, the present study represents an innovative, objective approach to measure sedative effects of plant extracts with minimized handling‐related stress and remote data collection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鹅绒藤对小鼠镇静催眠作用的研究

目的：研究鹅绒藤全草水提物和氯仿提取物对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法： 观察鹅绒藤全草提取物对小鼠正常自主活动的影响, 以及对阈下戊巴比妥钠镇静催眠作用的协同作用；采用转轮法测定提取物对小鼠的最小中枢神经系统毒性。结果：腹腔给予鹅绒藤全草提取物对实验小鼠自主活动有剂量依赖性抑制作用；对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠(30 mg·kg^-1,ip)的催眠效应有协同作用,水提物作用的ED₅₀为2.36 g·kg^-1,氯仿提取物作用的ED50为0.75 g·kg^-1；2种提取物在本实验条件下,未呈现出中枢神经系统毒性。结论：鹅绒藤全草水提物和氯仿提取物对实验小鼠有镇静催眠作用。     

两种肉豆蔻挥发油对人癌细胞体外增殖影响的比较研究

目的:研究长型肉豆蔻(Myristica argentea Warb.)和圆型肉豆蔻(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)挥发油对人癌细胞HepG-2、SGC-7901和KB体外增殖的抑制作用。方法:采用MTT法测定长形肉豆蔻及圆形肉豆蔻挥发油对上述三种人癌细胞的IC50值。结果:2种肉豆蔻挥发油对HepG-2、SGC-7901和KB细胞体外增殖均具有一定的抑制作用,并呈一定的剂量依赖性。圆型肉豆蔻挥发油对三种不同细胞系的IC50值分别为308、311、378μg.mL-1,长形肉豆蔻对三种不同细胞系的IC50值分别为325、246、362μg.mL-1。结论:圆型和长型肉豆蔻挥发油对上述三种人癌细胞体外增殖均具有一定的抑制作用,两者的作用未见明显区别。     

Sedative and hypnotic effect of freeze-dried paeoniflorin and Sini San freeze-dried powder in pentobarbital sodium-induced mice

Objective

To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.

Methods

Male adult mice weighing 20–22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep. Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.

Results

The coefficient of variation of the supra-threshold dose (55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.

Conclusion

Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship.     

Neem (Azadirachta indica) treatment decreases spontaneous motor activity in rats: implications for its central sedative action

The administration of a crude steroidal extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf significantly decreased the total spontaneous motor activity (SMA) scores in rats receiving either 100 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) twice per week for 6 weeks (p <0.01) or a single dose (p <0.05), indicating that neem may have a sedative effect on rats. Single dose (acute) treatment also significantly decreased (p <0.01) the amplitude of the peak twitch force of the gastrocnemius muscle in vivo, but the neem extract exerted no significant effect on amplitude or conduction velocity of the compound action potential of the toad sciatic nerve preparation in vitro. It is therefore concluded that the depression of the SMA may be due to an effect of neem on the central nervous system and/or muscle strength, but not on peripheral nerve conduction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.