113例低出生体重儿围产因素与合并症分析

目的：探讨低出生体重儿（ＬＢＷ）的围产因素及合并症。方法：对１１３例ＬＢＷ临床资料进行分析、与与１０４例正常体重儿比较。结果：ＬＢＷ组母亲中流动人口、个体户及农民数明显高于对照组、母亲的围产期合并症及病理产科因素、新生儿合并症明显多于对照组。呼吸、中枢神经系统疾病、体温低下、感染是本组ＬＢＷ常见合并症。结论：ＬＢＷ的发生除了与病理产科因素有关外，与母亲综合素质明显有关。应加强对城市流动人口的卫生管理，做好围产期保健，减少ＬＢＷ发生。     

Altitude, low birth weight, and infant mortality in Colorado

A decrease in birth weight occurs at high altitude, but its relationship to infant mortality is unclear. We examined Colorado vital statistics recorded from 1979 through 1982 to determine whether high altitude increased infant mortality and whether decreased birth weight contributed to the mortality observed. Retardation of intrauterine growth reduced birth weight and doubled the frequency of low-birth-weight infants from the lowest (915 to 1523 m [3000 to 4999 ft]) to the highest (greater than or equal to 2744 m [greater than or equal to 9000 ft]) altitude in the state. Low birth weight increased mortality risk, but the mortality risk of low birth weight was decreased at high compared with low altitudes, resulting in similar infant mortality rates throughout the state. This finding differed from that of 1969 through 1973 when infant mortality doubled at high altitude. A 46% infant mortality reduction had occurred statewide over the ten years due chiefly to decreased mortality risk for preterm low-birth-weight infants. This reduction, particularly pronounced at high altitude, might have been due to better identification and transport of high-risk pregnancies to hospitals with tertiary neonatal treatment centers.     

Predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates in India

INTRODUCTION: Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates constitute approximately 4-7 percent of all live births and their mortality is very high. The objective of the present study was to determine the predictors of mortality in VLBW neonates. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of VLBW neonates admitted over three years was studied. Exclusion criteria were: (1) neonates weighing less than 500 g and with gestational age less than 26 weeks; (2) presence of lethal congenital malformations; and (3) death in the delivery room or within 12 hours of life. The outcome measure was in-hospital death. Medical records were reviewed and data was analysed. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were done to determine the predictors of mortality. RESULTS: A total of 260 cases were enrolled, of which a total of 96 (36.9 percent) babies died. The survival rate was found to increase with the increase in birth weight and gestational age. Univariate analysis showed maternal per vaginal bleeding, failure to administer steroid antenatally, Apgar score less than or equal to 5 at one minute, apnoea, gestational age, neonatal septicaemia and shock are the factors directly responsible for neonatal mortality. Logistic regression equation showed maternal bleed (1.326), apnoea (3.159), birth weight (0.037), gestational age (0.063), hypothermia (1.132) and shock (3.49) predicted 65 percent of mortality in VLBW babies. CONCLUSION: Common antenatal and perinatal predictors of mortality in VLBW infants in India include maternal bleed, failure to administer antenatal steroids, low Apgar score, apnoea, extreme prematurity, neonatal septicaemia and shock.     

Comparison of haematological values among different groups of low birth weight babies and normal birth weight babies

This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. This study was undertaken to compare the haematological value (reference range) among Small for gestational age-low birth weight (SGA-LBW), Appropriate for gestational age-low birth weight (AGA-LBW) and Normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Total 90 (ninety) newborn babies were enrolled in this study. They were ultimately divided into three groups as a) Group I (SGA-LBW), b) Group II (AGA-LBW), c) Group III (NBW). Study period was one year (December 2003 to December 2004), Relevant informations were collected from the guardian of the babies before inclusion in the study. In group I, 19(63.3%) were preterm and 11(36.7%) were term. In group II, 30(100%) were preterm and in group III, 30(100%) were term. Mean Hb, and HCT levels were highest in group I (SGA-LBW) and the value was 17.14+/-1.41gm/dl (Hb) and 0.51+/-0.04 (HCT) respectively. Mean Hb and HCT value were lowest in group II (AGA-LBW) and the value was 14.57+/-1.78 gm/dl (Hb) and 0.43+/-0.05 (HCT) respectively. In between value was found in group III (NBW) and the value was 16.14+/-1.09 gm/dl (Hb) and 0.48+/-0.04 (HCT) respectively. Differences were statistically significant. On the contrary, MCV Values were highest in group II (AGA-LBW) and the value was 103.23+/-4.99 (fl). Lowest MCV value was in group III (NBW) and the value was 98.13+/-3.93 (fl). In between result of MCV value was found in group I (SGA-LBW) and the value was 99.27+/-10.73 (fl). Differences were also statistically significant. MCH and MCHC level was also highest in group I (SGA-LBW). Difference was also statistically significant. No significant differences of TC of WBC and platelet counts were not found among different groups. Hb and HCT level had significant positive correlation with gestational age. Other parameters had no Positive correlation with gestational age.     

围生期疾病对极低出生体重儿甲状腺功能的影响

目的 探讨围生期疾病对极低出生体重儿甲状腺功能的影响。方法 测定27例有围生期疾病的极低出生体重儿与22例无围生期疾病的极低出生体重儿血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4)、促甲状腺激素 (TSH)水平。结果 有围生期疾病的极低出生体重儿血清T3、T4、TSH水平低于无围生期疾病的极低出生体重儿 (均P<0.05)。 结论 围生期疾病导致极低出生体重儿甲状腺分泌功能进一步下降     

Mid-arm and chest circumferences at birth as predictors of low birth weight and neonatal mortality in the community

In developing countries, where about three quarters of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. A study was performed to see whether other simpler measurements could be substituted for weight to identify neonates of low birth weight and those at risk. A study of 520 hospital births showed a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between other anthropometric variables and birth weight, but the correlation was maximum for chest circumference (r = 0.8696) and mid-arm circumference (r = 0.8110). A mid-arm circumference of less than or equal to 8.7 cm and a chest circumference of less than or equal to 30 cm had the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying neonates with a birth weight of 2500 g or less. Measurements on 501 consecutive live births in the community were recorded and the infants followed up at specified ages. Mid-arm circumference was again significantly correlated to birth weight (r = 0.6918). Neonatal mortality showed an inverse relation but postneonatal mortality an inconsistent relation with mid-arm circumference. A mid-arm circumference of less than or equal to 8.7 cm and a birth weight of less than or equal to 2500 g were equally useful in predicting neonatal outcome. Mid-arm and chest circumferences are simple, practicable, quick, and reliable indicators for predicting low birth weight and neonatal outcome in the community and can be easily measured by paramedical workers in developing nations.     

极低/超低出生体重儿早期营养与神经系统发育关系的研究

目的 探讨极低/超低出生体重儿早期营养与神经系统发育关系的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月～2021年1月在我院新生儿重症监护病房住院且出院后定期在我院早教门诊随访的极低/超低出生体重儿,在校正年龄3个月采用0～3岁婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)评估其运动发育指数(psychomotor development ...     

220例极低出生体质量儿医院感染的临床分析

目的 探讨极低出生体质量儿(very low birth weight infants,VLBWIs)医院感染的临床特点及危险因素,为其防治提供依据.方法 对我院新生儿重症监护室(NICU) 2010年1月至2011年12月收治的住院时间＞48 h的220例VLBWIs临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 院感组88例发生医院感染125例次,医院感染率40.0％,与住院时间相关的医院感染率19.5％.医院感染主要包括呼吸道感染(66.4％),消化道感染(15.2％)和败血症(12.0％).97株G-菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率88.3％ ～97.9％,喹诺酮类、碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率＜30％.院感组、非院感组抗生素使用强度分别为3.76,2.32;人均抗生素消耗量(1.67±1.21) g/DDD值规定日剂量(defined daily dose,DDD),(0.62±0.50) g/DDD值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).院感组住院时间(44.38±25.98)d较非院感组(19.05±15.29)d长(P＜0.01).Logistic回归表明:住院时间＞28 d、机械通气时间＞72 h和脂肪乳使用＞14 d是VLBWIs医院感染的独立危险因素.结论 VLBWIs医院感染率高,使住院时间延长,抗生素使用强度和消耗量增加.缩短机械通气、脂肪乳使用和住院时间,可能使VLBWIs医院感染减少.     

极低出生体质量儿宫外生长迟缓的危险因素分析

目的：回顾极低出生体质量儿（very low birth weight infant,VLBWI）宫外生长迟缓（extrauterine growth retardation,EU－GR）发生情况并分析发生EUGR的相关因素。方法：选择2009年9月至2011年6月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿重症监护病房住院成活VLBWI 87例进行回顾性分析。入选标准：出生体质量<1 500 g,入院时间<24 h且住院天数≥14 d,不伴有影响生长发育的先天畸形或遗传代谢性疾病。排除标准：住院天数<14 d,住院期间放弃治疗或死亡。将入选病例分为EUGR组和非EUGR组。计数资料比较采用卡方检验,正态分布的计量资料比较用t检验,非正态分布计量资料采用秩和检验,EUGR相关危险因素用二元logistic回归分析。结果：2009年9月至2011年6月符合纳入标准的VLBWI 87例,其中EUGR为74例（85.1%）,非EUGR为13例（14.9%）;EUGR组宫内生长迟缓（intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR）发生率（27.6%）比非EUGR组（0%）高,平均出生胎龄（31.21周/29.27周）和出院日龄（36.82周/34.00周）较大,恢复至出生体质量时间（10.54 d/6.69 d）和开始肠内营养时间（3.82 d/1.85 d）较长（P<0.05）,而出院时口服热卡[91.96 kcal/（kg·d）/146.23 kcal/（kg·d）较低（P＜0.05）];logistic回归结果显示IUGR（OR=0.77）、开始肠内营养时间晚（OR=12.081）、恢复至出生体质量时间长（OR=48.404）是EUGR发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：IUGR、开始肠内营养时间晚、恢复至出生体质量时间长是VLBWI发生EUGR的危险因素。