东方次睾吸虫与华支睾吸虫病原形态鉴别比较

目的通过对东方次睾吸虫(Metorchis odentalis)与华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinenais)的各期病原体形态的观察比较,为鉴别该病种提供科学依据。方法收集两种吸虫的成虫、虫卵和囊蚴,并进行形态学比较、大小测量和寄生宿主部位的观察。结果东方次睾吸虫和华支睾吸虫成虫寄生部位均为肝胆管与胆囊。幼虫囊蚴的寄生部位,华支睾吸虫主要寄生于鱼背鳍肌肉内;东方次睾吸虫囊蚴主要寄生于鱼尾鳍肌肉内。虫卵特征,东方次睾吸虫与华支睾吸虫的虫卵大小与形态极为相似,仅前者卵盖与肩峰不如后者明显,卵壳与光洁度较后者更光滑透亮。囊蚴特征:东方次睾吸虫囊壁较华支睾吸虫为厚,且成双层结构,为典型的特征性。成虫特征:华支睾吸虫虫体呈葵花仔状,东方次睾吸虫则呈叶片状。结论发现虫卵、囊蚴与成虫时,需根据形态和大小等特征加以鉴别。     

附件棘隙吸虫与4种鱼源性吸虫混合感染的调查

目的 :调查福建棘隙吸虫等多种吸虫混合感染情况。方法 :采用改良加藤法或水洗过筛沉淀法粪检 ,对吸虫卵阳性人群和终宿主动物分别作驱虫与解剖观察 ,对鱼类宿主取鱼鳃和鱼肉等组织 ,镜检囊蚴。结果 :查出福建棘隙吸虫 ( Echinochasmus fujianensis)、华支睾吸虫 ( Clonorchissinensis)、日本棘隙吸虫 ( Echinochasmus japonicus)、钩棘单睾吸虫 ( H ap lorchis pumilio)和台湾棘带吸虫 ( Centrocestus taiwanense)等 5种 ;人群感染率为 4 .6% ( 81/ 1774 ) ,有 33.7%感染者同时感染 2种或 3种吸虫 ,第二中间宿主为麦穗鱼等 11种 ,感染率为 4 9.1% ( 169/ 34 4 ) ;不同吸虫囊蚴寄生鱼体部位不同 ;保虫宿主为狗、猫和 2种鼠类等 4种 ;混合感染率为 53.5% ( 2 3/ 4 3)。结论 :当地为兽主人次的鱼源性 5种吸虫混合感染区 ,人体自然感染钩棘单睾吸虫系首次报告。     

广西淡水鱼携带异形科吸虫囊蚴的调查研究

目的了解广西淡水鱼异形科吸虫感染情况。方法使用消化法对从桂北的阳朔县及桂南的南宁市、马山县、扶绥县和宾阳县等地采集的淡水鱼进行检查。结果共检查各种鱼类316尾,分属鲤科33种、Centropomidae科和丽鱼科各1种。鲤科鱼33种中有28种、Centropomidae科的Coreoperca whiteheadi 1种带有异形吸虫囊蚴。共检出后殖吸虫、扇棘单睾吸虫、钩棘单睾吸虫和台湾棘带吸虫等4种异形吸虫囊蚴,其感染率分别为28.2%、27.5%、44.3%和10.8%。桂北检查112尾,后殖吸虫感染率为78.6%;桂南检查204尾,钩棘单睾吸虫感染率最高,为63.2%,其次为扇棘单睾吸虫42.7%和台湾棘带吸虫16.7%,后殖吸虫为0.5%。结论广西各地淡水鱼异形吸虫感染非常普遍和严重,尤以桂南为甚。异形吸虫与华支睾吸虫感染方式相同、流行区域重叠及虫卵形态相似,临床上要注意其鉴别诊断。     

广西发现扇棘单睾吸虫

扇棘单睾吸虫 (Haplorchistaichui)是一种寄生于肠道的异形科单睾属的吸虫 ,成虫主要寄生于鸟类 ,也有感染人体的报道[1,2 ] ,我国未见病例报道。作者在研究华支睾吸虫病时发现一些比华支睾吸虫卵小、肩峰不明显、和异形类吸虫卵相似的虫卵。遂对其感染者进行驱虫治疗 ,检获大量虫体 ,经鉴定为扇棘单睾吸虫 ,在广西为首次发现 。     

螺类宿主感染钩棘单睾吸虫尾蚴的调查与感染实验

本文对钩棘单睾吸虫的第一中间螺蛳宿主自然感染情况进行调查，显示了一年中该虫尾蚴感染率随季节呈动态变化，10月份瘤拟黑螺感染率高达5.42％。各地瘤拟黑螺与纹沼螺平均感染率分别为2.45％（38／1548）与0.73％（20／2726），表明前者为本吸虫更为适宜的第一中间宿主。感染实验结果表明，该虫尾蚴侵染鱼类宿主后须经25d囊蚴发育完全成熟，而囊蚴感染终未宿主仅4d即可发育为成虫并产卵，其发育迅速为吸虫类所罕见。     

广西横县淡水鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况调查

目的 了解广西横县野生鱼类吸虫囊蚴感染情况.方法 从横县旺天塘水库采集常见的小型野生鱼类,用肌肉压片法和消化法检测吸虫囊蚴,根据囊蚴形态、排泄囊结构和囊壁厚度等特征区分吸虫的种类.结果 检查490尾鱼,共查到4种鱼源性吸虫囊蚴,分别是华支睾吸虫、台湾棘带吸虫、棘隙吸虫和台湾次睾吸虫,感染率依次为43.88％、1.84％、1.84％和0.61％.华支睾吸虫囊蚴寄生于尾鳍基部的概率高于其他部位.结论 横县野生鱼类的鱼源性吸虫感染严重,其中华支睾吸虫感染率最高,鱼尾鳍基部寄生的囊蚴最多.     

关于扁囊并殖吸虫的研究

自１９８５年起作者发表了系列研究文章，详细观察了扁囊和卫氏并殖吸虫生活史中的囊蚴，后尾蚴，成虫，虫卵等阶段的形态，上述两种囊蚴的结构相似，后尾蚴的脱囊率，成虫在犬体内的寄生部位，成熟时间等均相似。后尾蚴，成虫的形态及成虫各部位的大小经统计学处理无明显差异，对这两种成虫相应的六个部位的体棘进行了扫描电镜观察见未明显差异。对扁囊卫氏并殖吸虫的囊蚴和成虫的全虫蛋白分别进行了盘状电泳和等电点聚焦电泳分析，     

家猫感染东方次睾吸虫形态学特征及分子鉴定

目的 了解家猫感染东方次睾吸虫的形态学及基因特征，为当地开展东方次睾吸虫病防控工作提供理论依据。方法 采集浦城县感染有东方次睾吸虫囊蚴的麦穗鱼，剪碎囊蚴寄生处的鱼尾部肌肉，喂食2个月龄家猫。45 d后连续多天检测家猫粪便中的虫卵，直至发现虫卵后进一步深入检查。观察肝脏及胆囊变化和虫体寄生部位，捡出虫体置于生理盐水中，对虫体的形态学特征进行观察与鉴定描述。提取虫体基因组DNA,PCR扩增ITS基因序列，测序后在GenBank上进行BLAST比对，采用邻接法构建系统进化树。结果 从胆囊和肝脏分离获得13条东方次睾吸虫。东方次睾吸虫为雌雄同体，虫体大小约为(1.95～2.86)mm×(0.61～0.93)mm;虫卵呈长椭圆形，似葵花籽状，虫卵大小约(28～32)μm×(16～18)μm。PCR结果显示，ITS基因序列扩增产物260 bp。BLAST比对结果显示，与国内已报道家鸭及黑天鹅感染的东方次睾吸虫(GenBank登入号分别为MT231323.1、MK482055.1、MK482052.1)的序列一致性均为99.62%。基于ITS基因的系统进化树显示，本研究分离获得的吸虫ITS序列属于次...     

虫卵ITS-2序列分析鉴别华支睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫的研究

目的建立以分子生物学技术为基础的华支睾吸虫与扇棘单睾吸虫的ITS-2序列分析鉴别方法。方法在华支睾吸虫流行区采集华支睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫成虫,从成虫虫体分离并收集虫卵。以蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、蛲虫做对照虫种,按不同虫种和虫卵数分成5个实验组,各组分别提取DNA,并扩增ITS-2序列,对扩增产物进行测序并作同源性分析以确保为目标片段,根据PCR扩增产物电泳获得的条带判定虫种。结果以华支睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫虫卵DNA为模板的PCR产物电泳图谱分别在400bp、500bp左右各显示一条明显条带;在以两种虫卵DNA混合液为模板的PCR产物中,电泳图谱在400bp左右和500bp左右各显示明显条带。将测序得到的两种核苷酸序列进行Blast比对后,显示与GenBank中相应的华支睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫序列高度同源。混入四种肠道线虫虫卵DNA的PCR产物中,除目的条带外,无其他条带。结论该方法可以对华支睾吸虫及扇棘单睾吸虫虫卵进行鉴别,且结果不受常见四种肠道线虫虫卵干扰,敏感性和特异性较高,可作为两虫种的鉴别检测方法。     

淮河水系台湾次睾吸虫自然疫源地调查报告

目的调查淮河水系是否存在台湾次睾吸虫及其孳生特性。方法收集淮河沿岸家鸭粪便并用水洗沉淀法查找台湾次睾吸虫卵;取纹沼螺经压片、镜检,分离雷蚴和尾蚴;取麦穗鱼肉压片和研细、水洗、沉淀、镜检,分离麦穗鱼体内囊蚴,并将分离获得的囊蚴感染雏鸭;解剖家鸭和人工感染的雏鸭,取胆囊分离成虫。结果家鸭粪便中台湾次睾吸虫卵平均阳检率为18.87%(151/800);纹沼螺体内雷蚴和尾蚴阳检率为1.08%(13/1 200);麦穗鱼中囊蚴阳检率为12.50%(20/160);家鸭胆总管和肝胆管内成虫的分离阳检率为22.50%(18/80),经囊蚴感染的雏鸭肝脏内可分离出成虫。结论淮河水系存在台湾次睾吸虫,其生活史可在纹沼螺、麦穗鱼、雏鸭体内完成。     

Prevalence of trematode metacercariae in cyprinoid fish of Ban Pao district, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

The prevalence of trematode metacercariae in natural cyprinoid fish was carried out in Ban Pao district, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Fish were collected from both man-made water reservoirs and natural sources during July 1996-May 1997. Nine species of cyprinoid fish harbored the metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini and small intestinal flukes of the family Heterophyidae, ie Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio and Centrocestus spp. Metacercariae of H. taichui were found approximately 384 times more than O. viverrini. Among the fish collected, Puntius leiacanthus contained the highest number of metacercariae of H. taichui (182 metacercariae/fish) whereas P. orphoides contained the highest number of metacercariae of O. viverrini (1.4 metacercariae/fish). Metacercariae of H. taichui found in this area were year-round, with the highest and lowest incidence rates being in winter and rainy season, respectively. The difference between H. taichui and O. viverrini with respect to their prevalences are discussed.     

丰宫并殖吸虫的研究

目的　鉴定丰宫并殖吸虫与“勐腊并殖吸虫”的同一性。　方法　从丰宫并殖吸虫与“勐腊并殖吸虫”的同一流行区采集溪蟹,分离囊蚴及后尾蚴 ,观测后作感染实验 ,收集成虫制片观测鉴定。　结果　丰宫并殖吸虫囊蚴的大小平均为 (1.23±0.0 87)mm×(1.10±0.073)mm ,极少数形成一层极薄易破的囊壁 ;后尾蚴大小为 (2.01±0.71)mm×(0.62±0.12)mm ,排泄囊在腹吸盘以前呈不规则的树枝状 ,两肠支末端尖细终止于距体末1/6处;成虫子宫团庞大,平均长度为体长的1/4.2。丰宫并殖吸虫的适宜终宿主为大鼠 ,猴、犬、猫均为不适宜宿主。“勐腊并殖吸虫”的囊蚴取自同一蟹体的小睾并殖吸虫囊蚴 ,后尾蚴同丰宫并殖吸虫 ,而成虫实为童虫。　结论　确认丰宫并殖吸虫为独立虫种,“勐腊并殖吸虫”为标本混淆不清的误定虫种 ,应属无效种名。     

异盘并殖吸虫囊蚴和后尾蚴的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察到异盘并殖吸虫囊蚴卵圆形,其一端可见一钮扣样结构。后尾蚴口吸盘略大于腹吸盘,体表密布单生体棘。口、腹吸盘上分别有2圈和3圈乳突,腹吸盘最内层乳突6个对称分布于腹吸盘孔内。在虫体前半部两侧壁的感觉乳突有些呈散在分布,有些不规则地排列成两纵列,每列约5—6个。     

Occurrence of some medically important flukes (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae) in Nam Ngum water reservoir, Laos

Occurrence of some medically important flukes transmitted to man by eating of raw fish was observed at 18 localities of Nam Ngum water reservoir, an important source of fish for inhabitants of Vientiane Province, Laos. Cercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini were recorded in 0.9% of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalus examined but in the most populated sites, where the density of the snails was the highest up to 2.2% of the intermediate hosts were infected. Haplorchis cercariae were found in 2.0% of Tarebia granifera examined. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in flesh of four fish species (Hampala dispar. H. macrolepidota, Puntius gonionotus, Cyclocheilichthys repasson) from 9 localities with the highest prevalence (16%) in H. dispar. Metacercariae of Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui were found in flesh of Hampala dispar, H. macrolepidota and Puntius gonionotus with the prevalence of infection 2-6%. Metacercarie of Stellantchasmus falcatus were localized in fins of Xenentodon canciloides. Domestic cats (Felis catus f. domestica) harbored the following trematode species: O. viverrini, H. pumilio, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, S. falcatus. Eggs of small flukes were found in stools of 44% of examined inhabitants of 3 villages and of the district center Thinkeo. The study revealed that the best predictor of the existence of small fluke foci and their species composition in the area studied was the second intermediate host-fish.     

Study of the body surface of Haplorchis yokogawai (Katsuta, 1932) and H. taichui (Nishigori, 1924) (Trematoda:Heterophyidae).

The morphology of the surface of two heterophyid flukes, Haplorchis yokogawai and H. taichui, that can infect humans eating raw fish flesh, has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The body surface of both species is covered with scale-like, serrated spines with the exception of areas around the oral sucker, ventrogenital opening and excretory pore. The species slightly differ by the dentation pattern of tegumental spines: H. yokogawai has finer and more numerous spine teeth (maximum tooth number 14-16) while H. taichui has more serrated spines, mostly with a lower number (up to 10-12) of somewhat more robust teeth. However, because of the variability, the shape and dentation of spines do not seem to be reliable diagnostic features enabling mutual differentiation of both species.     

Seasonal variation of metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from Kwae Noi Bamroongdan Dam, Phitsanulok Province, northern Thailand

Abstract. A seasonal investigation of the occurrence of metacercariae in cyprinoid fish was conducted at the Kwae Noi Bamroongdan Dam, Phitsanulok Province, northern Thailand during December 2008-August 2009. A total 361 cyprinoid fish from 10 species were examined by artificial digestion method evaluating for metacercariae. The metacercariae determined were Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchoides sp and Centrocestus caninus. The prevalence of metacercariae ranged from 76.5% to 82.6%, with an intensity of infection of 23.4 to 36.6. H. taichui, Haplorchoides sp and C. caninus had the highest prevalence in the cool season, while H. pumilio was more prevalent during the hot season. The highest infection prevalence (100%) was seen in Rasbora metallicus, Barbodes gonionotus and R. metallicus. No significant differences in the type of metacercariae were found between seasons, indicating year-round infestation of cyprinoid fish.     

华支睾吸虫尾蚴扫电镜观察

The surface structure of Clonorchis sinensis cercariae was observed under scanning electron microscope. The cercaria was of the parapleuro-lophocercous type. The measurements of the cercariae were as follows: body 137-240 x 62-90 microns, tail 320-470 x 21-34 microns, oral sucker 27-46 x 23-33 microns. The ventral sucker was incompletely developed and much smaller than the oral one. The whole body surface was covered with backward pointing spines. Four horizontal rows of oral spines were found around the mouth opening of the oral sucker. These spines diminished in size with the distance of the rows from the opening and their numbers were 12, 18, 19 and 18 respectively. Transverse and longitudinal plicae formed from tegument were found on the surface of the tail, being in connection with dorsal and ventral fins along posterior half of the tail. Many sensory structures or papillae were observed on the body. They were of three different types: 1) papillae with long or short cilia distributed widely on the body surface and around the mouth opening, the number of papillae with cilia on the body surface being greater than that described by Komiya et al (1940); 2) a few sensory fossa on the tail, measuring 1.0 x 0.6 microns; 3) a few ring-type papillae with knob on the body surface with pore of 0.5 micron in diameter.     

The correlation between rainfall and the prevalence of trematode metacercaria in freshwater fish in Thailand

The author performed a retrospective study on 5 complete reports with geographical data and the prevalence of metacercariae in Thailand. The relation between rainfall (derived from the geographical data) and the prevalence of metacercariae in freshwater fish (derived from the overall infection rate of metacercaria) was investigated. The least- square equation plot rainfall (y) versus prevalence (x) is y = 12.4x + 43.8 (r = 0.858; p < 0.05). A significant correlation was discerned between rainfall and the prevalence of freshwater fish infection. According to these previous studies, the prevalence of freshwater fish infection may depend on rainfall. Predicted prevalence of freshwater fish infection as a GIS figure was also presented.     

淡水鱼华支睾吸虫囊蚴 LAMP 检测方法的建立

目的 建立一种高效灵敏的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法检测淡水鱼中华支睾吸虫囊蚴。 方法 以华支睾吸虫 ITS2 基因序列为靶序列,合成 Cs-1、Cs-2、Cs-3 三组 LAMP 引物体系。 以华支睾吸虫囊蚴 DNA 样本为模板,日本血吸虫成虫、带绦虫成虫、蛔虫虫卵及其他吸虫囊蚴 DNA 样本为参考,比较三组引物体系的特异度;以不同浓度的华支睾吸虫成虫基因组 DNA 为模板,比较三组引物体系的灵敏度;用 LAMP 法及 PCR 法平行检测 16 份华支睾吸虫囊蚴样本和 23 份其他吸虫囊蚴样本,评价 LAMP 法的敏感性和特异性。 结果 三组引物体系的灵敏度及特异度以 Cs-3 为最优,以其建立的 LAMP 法反应体系,检测华支睾吸虫成虫 DNA 的最低检出浓度可达到 3. 33×10^-4ng / μL,敏感性和特异性与 PCR 法一致,均为 100%。 结论 成功建立了一种可用于检测淡水鱼中华支睾吸虫囊蚴的 LAMP 方法,为淡水鱼寄生虫病监测工作提供了便捷高效的检测手段。