小脑囊性畸胎瘤不典型MRI表现1例

患者女,20岁.因"头痛伴呕吐2个月,行走不稳1个月"入院.MR检查:右侧小脑半球囊实性肿块,边界清,大小约7.2 cm×6.3 cm×8.0 cm;T1WI见实性部分呈等信号,伴边缘环形高信号,T2WI混杂信号,DWI等信号,FLAIR序列稍高信号,囊性部分T1WI等信号,T2WI、DWI及FLAIR序列均为极低信号;增强扫描肿块实性部分轻度强化,囊性部分及周围环状水肿带无强化;4脑室受压变形,幕上脑室扩张,双侧脑室旁间质性脑水肿.     

鳃裂癌一例

患者女,53岁,以"发现右颈部肿物10余年"为主诉入院。患者1年前肿物稍有增大,约核桃大小,当时无特殊不适。体检:右颈部可触及一肿物,大小约2.5 cm×2.0 cm,质中,界清,活动度可,未及搏动感,无触痛,局部皮温正常,无瘘管及瘢痕。实验室检查无明显异常。MRI检查:右下颈部锁骨上窝处见一结节,大小为2.5 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm,呈囊实性,在T1WI上呈低信号,在T2WI呈高信号,囊壁不规则增厚,边界清楚。增强后囊壁呈不规则环形强     

乳腺假血管瘤样间质增生MRI表现1例

患者女,36岁,发现左乳肿物半年,逐渐增大2个月入院。查体:左乳外下象限触及一大小约6.0cm×4.0cm肿物,质硬,边界清,活动度可,表面皮肤光滑,未见"橘皮样"改变。超声:左乳囊实性占位,BI-RADS 3类。乳腺MRI:左乳外下象限团块,边界清楚,约6.8cm×6.0cm×5.5cm,FSPGR呈等信号,内见裂隙样低信号区(图1A);脂肪抑制T2WI上呈结节状、片状稍高信号,内见裂隙样高信号     

鼻咽部EBV阳性小细胞神经内分泌癌伴颈部淋巴结转移1例

<正>患者,男性,54岁,因“回吸涕血1+年,发现颈部包块3+月”入院。MRI示:鼻咽右侧壁增厚,边界不清,向右后咽旁间隙呈铸形生成,向上累及右侧海绵窦,较大层面大小约3.1 cm×1.8 cm×5.4 cm,T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈等高信号,DWI水分子明显弥散受限,增强扫描明显强化;右侧颈血管鞘旁胸锁乳突肌深面见一团块状异常信号影,较大层面大小约2.9 cm×2.8 cm×3.8 cm,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,中央见结节影更高信号,DWI水分子明显弥散受限,增强扫描明显强化(图1,图2)。     

子宫直肠陷凹恶性外周神经鞘瘤1例

患者女,46岁,下腹隐痛伴尿频、尿急及肛门坠胀感10天。查体:子宫后方触及直径6.0 cm包块,表面结节感,压痛明显,活动度差。经阴道超声:阴道与直肠肛管间5.8 cm×4.8 cm囊实性肿物,紧邻宫颈后壁及阴道后壁,以实性中等回声为主;CDFI见其内星点状血流信号(图1A)。腹部MRI:直肠右前方5.6 cm×6.8 cm×5.7 cm囊实性肿物,以囊性为主,与子宫颈后壁分界不清,内见条状分隔及斑片状实性成分,T1WI以低信号为主,T2WI呈等-高混杂信号,DWI呈高信号,增强后实性成分明显强化,囊性成分未见明显强化(图1B、1C);考虑子宫颈后壁肿瘤。     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现：10例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤(ESFT)的CT和MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的ESFT的影像学资料,其中4例接受CT平扫加增强扫描,6例接受MRI平扫加增强扫描.结果 10例ESFT中,位于腹部3例,盆腔、枕骨大孔区SFT各2例,右侧颈根部、左眼眶、左颞部皮下SFT各1例;7例肿瘤呈圆形或卵圆形,3例呈分叶状;8例边界清楚,2例部分边界不清;肿瘤直径2.3~20.6cm,平均(7.78±6.82)cm.CT表现:1例呈囊实性,3例呈等密度实性,其中2例可见坏死、1例见多发钙化;增强后3例肿瘤实性部分渐进性强化,另1例为早期轻度强化.MRI表现:T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号1例,T1WI等信号、T2WI低信号1例,T1WI等信号、T2WI高信号3例,T1WI及T2WI均呈高信号1例;3例T2WI可见线样或片状低信号;增强后肿瘤均明显强化.结论 ESFT的影像学表现有一定特征;T2WI肿瘤主体呈低信号或肿瘤内部多发线样或片状低信号对诊断ESFT具有较高价值.     

Von Hippel-Lindau综合征2例报告并文献复习

病例 例1,女,30岁.3年前外院诊断"胰头癌、双肾癌",未治疗,无特殊不适,于2013年2月28日来我院就诊.查体:神清,颈软,呼吸音清,右腹触及一巨块,无痛,质软.肝肋下一横指.患者曾生育1子,体健.其父患脑瘤术后死亡,姑姑患胰腺肿瘤,在世.其母体健. CT平扫:胰头部巨大肿块,大小约95 mm×81 mm,密度不均,边界不清,胰腺体尾部增大,呈蜂窝状囊泡改变,最大囊直径约16 mm.双肾多发占位灶(图1a).MRI平扫:头颅MRI未见明显异常.胰头部一巨大肿块,信号不均,T1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI高信号,边界尚清,大小约141 mm×106 mm×100 mm.胰腺体尾部呈弥漫性蜂窝状改变,信号为T1WI低T2WI高.双肾多发小圆形囊灶,直径5～15 mm不等.右肾中部及左肾下部各见一实质性肿物,右侧约35 mm×26 mm,左侧约25 mm×24 mm,T2WI混杂高信号、T1WI混杂等低信号.     

婴儿纤维性错构瘤1例

病例男,10岁。因发现右侧会阴部包块1＋年就诊。查体：右侧会阴部至臀部扪及一大小约4 cm×5 cm×10 cm质软包块,边界不清,无压痛,活动度差,局部皮肤无红肿、无破溃。MRI平扫及增强扫描示：右侧会阴部至臀部皮下脂肪层内见团块状异常信号影,最大层面大小约9.8 cm×3.6 cm,边缘不清,T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈高信号,其内见迂曲走行的管状影。     

卵巢实性卵泡膜细胞瘤MR分析及临床意义

目的:探讨实性卵泡膜细胞瘤的MRI影像学特点,提高其认识。方法:回顾性分析15例手术病理证实的卵泡膜细胞瘤的MR影像表现、临床资料和病理诊断。结果:15例均为单发病灶,1例合并浆液性囊腺瘤。左侧10(10/15 66.7%),右侧5(5/15 33.3%),大小约7.5cm×6.8cm×3cm~19.5cm×15cm×7.5cm,边界均清晰,MRI表现类圆形或椭圆形肿块影,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI以低信号为主,其内夹杂结节状、斑片状及条索状高信号影(与盆肌信号相比),压脂信号与盆肌信号相似,DWI呈高信号,增强呈轻度均匀或不均匀强化,整体强化低于盆肌信号。结论:卵巢实性卵泡膜细胞瘤MRI表现有一定特征性,同时MRI在一定程度上可反映其病理变化,可提供更多诊断信息,提高术前诊断率。     

1例阴道囊性上皮样肉瘤MRI表现

<正>患者女,44岁,下腹痛伴白带增多1个月;既往体健,月经正常,无特殊家族病史。查体:阴道左前壁触及4cm×5cm×5cm质软边界清肿物,触痛(+),活动度欠佳,有鱼腥臭味脓性分泌物流出。肿瘤标志物未见明显异常。盆腔MRI:阴道左前壁5.7cm×5.4cm×5.7cm类圆形囊性肿物大部分边界清晰,内部信号混杂,可见出血(图1A)及液-液平面(图1B),弥散加权成像(diffusionweightedimaging,DWI)呈混杂稍高信号(图1C);囊壁T1WI及T2WI均呈等信号,DWI呈高信号,     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.