Epiphyseal stapling of the proximal tibia for idiopathic genu valgum

Purpose  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of hemiepiphysiodesis with a single medial staple of the proximal tibia in idiopathic genu valgum angular correction. Methods  A retrospective review was performed identifying nine adolescents (18 knees) treated for idiopathic adolescent genu valgum by means of a bilateral hemiepiphysiodesis with a single staple of the proximal tibia. The intermalleolar distance (IMD) and hip–knee–ankle angle were measured at skeletal maturity. Results  The IMD and hip–knee–ankle angle were reduced in all patients at skeletal maturity. Conclusion  Hemiepiphysiodesis with a single medial staple of the proximal tibia seems to be a reliable and safe alternative method to achieve correction of an idiopathic genu valgum.     

全膝关节置换术治疗严重膝外翻的疗效观察

目的探讨全膝关节置换术治疗严重膝关节外翻畸形的临床疗效。方法对严重膝外翻患者39例(43膝)采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨、选择性的外侧软组织松解、安装后稳定型假体或半限制型假体进行全膝关节置换术。手术前后测量股胫角(FTA)、检查膝关节活动度并行KSS评分。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间6~22个月。FTA由术前的17°~38°(26.3°±2.3°)降低至1°~7°(4.2°±1.6°),P0.05;膝关节活动度由术前的62°~91°(63.7°±4.1°)提高到102°~120°(106.9°±5.1°),P0.05;KSS评分由术前的17~39(23.8±2.5)分提高到83~97(88.6±4.1)分,P0.05。结论采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨、选择性的外侧软组织松解、安装后稳定型假体或半限制型假体实施人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重膝外翻畸形的患者,可获得良好的临床效果,患者膝关节功能得到明显改善,生活质量显著提高。     

Early experience with medial femoral tension band plating in idiopathic genu valgum

Purpose  

For correction of angular deformity, tension band plating has been proposed as a safe and minimally invasive technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the experiences and report the rate of correction obtained with this procedure in patients with idiopathic genu valgum.     

2孔钢板骺阻滞术治疗儿童严重膝内翻畸形

2005年7月～2007年10月,我科收治18例严重膝内翻畸形患儿,采用2孔钢板螺钉行股骨远端、胫骨近端骺阻滞术治疗,获得满意疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组18例,男6例,女12例,年龄2～12岁。股骨、胫骨同时     

Acquired permanent dislocation of the patella in a patient with rheumatoid genu valgum

A case of acquired permanent dislocation of the patella associated with severe genu valgum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is herein reported. The pain and genu valgum progressed because of poor RA control. The patient had no history of major trauma of the knee before or after the onset of RA. The most reasonable hypothesis to explain this patient''s pathology is that occult patellar dislocation developed after a minor trauma and progressed to permanent dislocation; poor RA control then worsened both the patellar dislocation and genu valgum. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with patella reduction was successfully performed with release of the lateral retinaculum and extension of the extensor mechanism by partial snipping of the rectus femoris tendon. Two years after the operation, the patient exhibited improvement in her Knee Society Knee and Function Scores from preoperative scores of 18 and 20 to postoperative scores of 94 and 80, respectively. Acquired permanent dislocation of the patella associated with severe genu valgum in patients with RA is rare. Excellent results were obtained with TKA, and the proximal realignment method was a useful procedure for patella reduction.     

Rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty in a patient with genu recurvatum after osteomyelitis of the distal femur

An 80-year-old man presented to our clinic with a chief complaint about pain and stiffness in the right knee. His history was significant for osteomyelitis of the right femur 64 years ago. Examination revealed a range of motion from 30 degrees hyperextension to 0 degrees extension. A rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty was performed. Four years later, the patient ambulates painlessly with 1 cane. He has no extensor lag, and his range of motion is 0 degrees to 15 degrees.     

Clinical outcome and correction following V osteotomy for genu valgum in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review

BackgroundGenu Valgum usually originates from distal femur and many open and closed wedge osteotomies of distal femur have been reported but none has proved to be the best. Distal femur V osteotomy is a wedgeless osteotomy and is a rarely reported osteotomy with only a few case series and 167 cases of isolated distal femur V osteotomy for genus valgum in young patients (<25 years) in literature but with a tendency to have an excellent outcomes.PurposeTo determine correction and clinical outcome following V osteotomy for genu valgum in adolescents and young adults (10–25 years).Patient and methodsA systematic research was conducted of PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting the correction and clinical outcome following V osteotomy in adolescents and young adults (10–25 years) for genu valgum by 2 different authors according to PRISMA guidelines.Results5 studies with 167 patients and 263 knees were identified meeting the inclusion criteria for review. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 36 months. Overall complication rate was 12.3%, the most common being plaster sore, 4.2% (11/263) followed by superficial infection, 2.7% (7/263). The mean correction was 19.1° and a mean post-operative valgus was 5.7°. In those compared with Bostman score (157/167), 94.3% had excellent (148/157) and remaining 5.7% (9/157) had good scores (20–27/30) with none showing poor score (<20/30).ConclusionV osteotomy is a reliable method of distal femoral osteotomy to attain a good correction with an excellent clinical outcome even with variations of fixation however longer follow-up period are required for better evaluation of recurrence.     

Lateral femorotibial arthritis (LFTA) associated with genu valgum: ethiopathogeny and surgical consequences

The genu valgum is a rare deformation whose frequency does not exceed 15% of our osteoarthritis treatment cases. Despite 30 years of experience in knee arthroplasty, we are still unable to achieve a consensus on both the classification of those deformations, or on the definition of rules pertaining to the appropriate manipulations to establish ligament balance. When it comes to the choice of a prosthetic constraint, this also gives rise to passionate debate among experts. Hence we have felt the importance of reviewing the valgus deformation and its various origins. This will bring us to propose an original classification method based on the deformation cause, the origin of the anomalies, its consequences on the required ligament balance procedures and a precise analysis of the predicted surgical procedures. This classification and this paper will also enable us to isolate the special case of genu valgum in a globally malformative complex which needs to be ascertained before attempting any surgical operation because it constitutes a serious cause of failure in prosthetic surgery.     

Acute correction of proximal tibial coronal plane deformity in small children using a small monolateral external fixator with or without cross-pinning

PurposeSurgical correction of proximal tibia deformity in small children can be challenging. We present the surgical technique and outcome of proximal tibia osteotomy fixed with small monolateral external fixator in this patient group.MethodsA total of 17 cases in eight patients younger than nine years of age were study subjects. A proximal tibia osteotomy was fixed with a small monolateral external fixator with or without cross-pinning. Outcome was evaluated by changes of radiographic parameters such as medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA), metaphyseal diaphyseal angle (MDA) and clinical findings of complications, time interval until weight bearing and fixator removal time.ResultsMPTA improved from a preoperative mean of 73° (sd 4°; 66° to 78°) to an immediate postoperative mean of 90° (sd 3°; 85° to 96°) in varus tibiae, and from 104° (sd 1°; 103° to 105°) to 89° (sd 1°; 88° to 89°) in valgus tibiae. In all, 15 of the 17 cases (88.3 %) achieved postoperative MPTA within the normal range (85° to 90°). MDA improved from a preoperative mean of 19° (sd 5°; 11° to 24°) to an immediate postoperative mean of 0° (sd 4°; -6° to 7°) in varus tibiae, and from -25° (sd 2°; -22° to -24°) to 2° (SD 1°; 1° to 3°) in valgus tibiae. Full weight bearing was possible at mean 1.7 months (0.5 to 3.0). Mean follow-up period was 6.5 years (sd 5.4; 1.0 to 16.0). No complications developed during the follow-up.ConclusionProximal tibia osteotomy fixed with small monolateral external fixator provides accurate, safe and efficient correction in the management of coronal plane angular deformity in small children.Level of EvidenceLevel IV     

Measurement of varus-valgus and internal-external rotational knee laxities in vivo--Part I: assessment of measurement reliability and bilateral asymmetry.

We examined the capabilities of the Vermont Knee Laxity Device (VKLD) in measuring varus (VR)-valgus (VL) and internal (INT)-external (EXT) rotational laxities by quantifying measurement consistency and absolute measurement error (N = 10). Based on the expected measurement error, we then examined side-to-side differences (N = 20). For all measures, the knee was flexed 20 degrees , the thigh securely fixed, and counterweights applied to the thigh and shank to create an initial zero shear and compressive load across the tibiofemoral joint. A 10-Nm torque was applied to the knee for VL and VR during non-weight-bearing, and a 5-Nm torque was applied for INT and EXT during non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions. Position sensors measured angular displacements (deg). Except for INT during weight bearing, measurement consistency was good to excellent (range, 0.68-0.96), with absolute measurement errors generally less than 2 degrees for VR-VL and 3-4 degrees for INT-EXT. Although side-to-side differences were observed, they did not exceed absolute measurement errors. The VKLD yields reliable measures of VR-VL and INT-EXT laxities, with sufficient measurement precision to yield clinically relevant differences.     

Giebel髁钢板在伴发膝外翻畸形的骨性关节炎中的应用

股骨髁上内翻截骨术常用于治疗伴有膝外翻畸形的膝外侧室骨性关节炎.2002年5月至2006年12月,采用股骨髁上内翻截骨Giebel内固定治疗因骨性关节炎并膝外翻畸形的12例(13膝),近期疗效满意,现报告如下.     

“U”形截骨孟氏架外固定矫治膝内外翻畸形33例

本文通过对３３例膝内、外翻畸行“Ｕ”形截骨孟氏架外固定治疗及疗效观察，认灯一法矫形确切、固定牢靠、调整灵活、组织损小、截骨愈合早、功能恢复快、是膝内，外翻畸形手术治疗的好方法。     

膝骨性关节炎下肢负重位等比例全长X线片测量与分析

目的 :对膝骨性关节炎患者的下肢负重位等比例全长X线片进行测量与分析,明确该组人群下肢解剖和力学轴线的特征性变化。方法:收集自2015年6月至2016年5月膝骨性关节炎患者下肢负重位等比例全长X线片数据和具有血管病变而无膝关节病史患者下肢CTA扫描数据。将具有血管病变而无膝关节病史患者作为正常人组,共20例40膝,男7例,女13例,年龄24~72岁,平均63.2岁;将膝骨性关节炎患者作为关节炎组,并将关节炎组分为内翻膝组和外翻膝组,共53例100膝,男10例,女43例,年龄52~80岁,平均64.7岁。测量股骨角(F角)、胫骨角(T角)、关节间隙角(JS角)、股胫角(FT角)、髋-膝-踝角(HKA角)、膝生理外翻角(KPV角)及股骨头颈偏距(offset)。对测量数据进行统计分析。结果 :正常人组F角(79.9±2.3)°,T角(93.8±3.7)°,JS角(1.7±1.0)°,FT角(175.4±4.0)°,HKA角(181.4±4.1)°,KPV角(6.0±1.0)°,offset(38.5±6.5)mm;骨关节炎组F角(81.4±3.5)°,T角(94.6±2.7)°,JS角(2.1±2.5)°,FT角(178.1±6.3)°,HKA角(184.3±6.9)°,KPV角(6.2±1.5)°,offset(38.1±9.2)mm。KPV角在内翻膝(6.5±1.4)°和外翻膝(5.5±1.5)°之间差异有统计学意义(t=2.956,P=0.005);KPV角与患者年龄之间有相关性(r=0.241,P=0.016);股骨偏心距与KPV角之间有相关性(r=0.946,P=0.000)。结论 :膝骨性关节炎平均膝关节生理外翻角为6.2°,并且与年龄、股骨偏心距呈正相关。内翻膝的平均膝关节生理外翻角大于外翻膝约1°。膝骨性关节炎下肢力学参数的改变可能与膝骨性关节炎的发生和发展有关。在TKA术前对下肢全长等比例X线片进行测量评估,取得下肢力学数据作为参考,可使得术中截骨变得更加合理、个体化。     

Treatment of genu valgum by a novel percutaneous transverse metaphyseal osteotomy of the distal femur in children and adolescents

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - To evaluate the outcomes of a novel percutaneous medial supracondylar femoral osteotomy and above-knee cast technique in children and...     

Wedge-less oblique supracondylar femoral osteotomy and casting for genu valgum in older children and young adults

BackgroundGenu valgum is one of the commonest deformities seen by the orthopaedicians. The most common cause is idiopathic but genu valgum secondary to nutritional deficiency is also fairly common in developing and third world countries. Supracondylar osteotomy and internal fixation with plate and screws, is the treatment of choice in older children and young adults, which is costly, requires a wide exposure, a second surgery for implant removal and risk of infection is more. This study was undertaken to measure the outcome of simple oblique percutaneous wedge-less metaphyseal supracondylar osteotomy of the distal femur and casting in older children and adolescents with Genu Valgum in a small centre catering mostly to patients from middle and low income households.Patients and methodsPatients aged between 12 and 22 years with genu valgum deformity with a tibiofemoral angle ≥15°, and an intermalleolar distance of more than 7 cm in unilateral and more than 10 cm in bilateral cases, who are not amenable to be treated with guided growth techniques, were included. Patients having knee instability, restriction of knee range of motion, genu recurvatum, tibial deformity component, open physis, were excluded from the study. The correction was undertaken by a simple supracondylar wedge-less metaphyseal short oblique osteotomy of the distal femur followed by immobilization with a long leg plaster of Paris cast. Functional outcome was assessed using Böstman et al. score.Results46 limbs in 29 patients with a mean age of 14.5 years were operated. The mean follow-up of patients was 6 months. The preoperative radiological tibiofemoral angle (TFA) had a mean value of 19.89° which improved to a mean of 5.31° postoperatively. Intermalleolar distance (IMD) improved from a mean of 13.81 cm to 3.15 cm post-correction. Mean Lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) improved from 77.11° to 87.20°. Knee score was excellent in all patients at 3 months and 6 months post intervention. There were no serious complications except superficial plaster sores in 4 patients, which healed uneventfully and temporary restriction of knee range of motion in 5 patients. All patients achieved a full range of knee motion after physical therapy.ConclusionSupracondylar wedge-less short oblique metaphyseal distal femoral osteotomy and immobilization with plaster of Paris cast is a simple, cheap, safe & viable option for the correction of genu valgum deformity originating from distal femur, with minimal complications in older children and adolescents with limited growth potential, especially in low income countries and small centres.     

Epiphyseal stapling and recombinant human growth hormone for correction of genu valgum in children with chronic renal insufficiency

Genu valgum (GV) and growth retardation are known complications of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in children. Physeal stapling is the preferred method for GV correction, provided epiphyseal growth continues after stapling. Growth retardation in these children thus renders this mode of therapy unreliable. The only alternative is corrective osteotomy with the associated risks, such as non-union of bone and recurrence. The authors sought to determine if recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administered after stapling can bring about continued physeal growth needed for correction. The medical records of five patients with CRI, GV, and growth retardation who had physeal stapling performed and received rhGH were reviewed. Resolution of GV and improvement in linear height was achieved in four patients within 2 years. The authors conclude that children with CRI, growth retardation, and moderate GV benefit from the simultaneous use of rhGH and knee stapling for correction of GV, thus avoiding osteotomies.     

胫骨高位倒L形截骨并外固定架固定治疗膝内翻畸形性骨性关节炎

目的 分析应用胫骨高位倒L形截骨术治疗膝关节内翻畸形性骨性关节炎的疗效及应用AO外固定架固定的优点.方法 对30例(48肢)内翻畸形性骨性关节炎患者行胫骨高位倒L形截骨术,应用AO外固定架固定.采用膝骨性关节炎治疗效果判定标准(JOA)、股胫角改变及患者的主诉来判断手术疗效.结果 30例随访2～18个月,所有患者疼痛均明显减轻或消失,有3例出现小腿肿胀,经治疗后痊愈,股胫角明显改善.结论 胫骨高位行倒L形截骨,使骨折端接触面积进一步加大,增加了骨折断端的稳定性.AO外固定架与克氏针结合固定截骨端,属于一种弹性固定,对骨折端有持续性加压作用,更有利于骨折的愈合.     

不同程度膝内翻患者初次全膝关节置换术后下肢力线分布与近期临床疗效的关系

目的:探讨不同程度膝内翻畸形患者行初次全膝关节置换术后下肢力线分布与近期临床疗效之间的关系。方法:自2016年12月至2018年3月行初次全膝关节置换术治疗的膝骨性关节炎患者87例(101膝),男21例(25膝),女66例(76膝);年龄51～85(67.6±7.0)岁。根据患者全膝关节置换术后下肢髋膝踝角(hip knee ankle angle,HKA)不同分为4组:中立位组(A组),-3°≤HKA≤3°,50膝;轻度内翻组(B组),3°相似文献   

Functional outcome after prosthetic rehabilitation of children with acquired and congenital lower limb loss

The purpose of this study was to compare the functional status of children with acquired and congenital lower limb loss after 3 weeks and 6 months of prosthetic rehabilitation. Forty-one children aged between 8 and 17 years participated in the study. The children underwent prosthetic fitting, prosthetic training and rehabilitation after physiotherapy evaluations. Gait patterns and weight bearing values were assessed, and the Amputee Mobility Predictor (AMP) Questionnaire was applied. The congenital group had better gait patterns, weight bearing values and AMP scores in the initial assessment and after 3 weeks. The statistical analyses of the same parameters after 6 months showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). It was determined that all congenital patients and only 16 of 20 acquired patients were wearing their prostheses for more than 8 h a day. When the outcomes of the first assessments were compared, the congenital group showed a better functional level, gait pattern and weight bearing value. At the end of 6 months, an improvement was observed in the functional level, gait pattern and weight bearing value in both the groups. The functional state, gait pattern and weight bearing value of children with limb loss can be improved if they actively use their prosthesis.