拇长屈肌腱转移修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

2007年9月～2010年9月,我科采用拇长屈肌腱转移修复陈旧性跟腱断裂10例,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组10例,男7例,女3例,年龄20～53岁。左侧4例,右侧6例。跟腱断裂部位:止点部断裂3例,腱     

TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的 探讨TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效.方法 采用TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂患者11例,术中用改良Kessler法对位缝合跟腱断端,再用2枚TwinFix带线锚钉辅助固定断裂跟腱.术后予患侧下肢屈膝90°、踝跖屈30°位长腿石膏托固定,3周后改踝跖屈石膏托固定.结果 11例均获随访,时间3～18个月.患者均未发生切口延期愈合、感染、皮肤坏死和跟腱再断裂等并发症.采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准评价疗效:优7例,良3例,差1例.结论 TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法手术操作简便,是修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的有效方法.     

Decrease in cell proliferation by an matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor,doxycycline, in a model of immune‐complex nephritis

Aim: Renal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) contribute to the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis characteristic of progressive forms of primary glomerulonephritis (GN). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of MMP inhibitor, doxycycline, administration in an experimental rat model of immune‐complex nephritis (ICN). Methods: The induction of immune‐complex glomerulonephritis was carried out by the administration of an i.v. dose of 2 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA) daily for 28 days after 8 weeks of s.c. immunization with 1 mg of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant. Doxycycline (30 mg/kg) was given daily (in groups 2 and 4) by gavage for 28 days. Results: Animals treated with doxycycline showed significant reduction in glomerular area and cell proliferation than non‐treated controls. Glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and C3 was less intense in treated rats than non‐treated controls. Although not statistically significant, interstitial inflammation was less intense in treated rats than non‐treated controls. Glomerular expression of MMP‐9 by immunoflourescence was significantly inhibited in the treated group. In addition pro‐MMP‐2 on gelatin zymography was importantly suppressed by doxycycline in ICN. Conclusion: Doxycycline, in addition to its antibiotic property, may, following further investigation, provide a possible survival benefit in proliferative glomerulonephritis.     

Achillon versus open surgery in acute Achilles tendon repair

Background

Open Achilles tendon repairs (OATR) are associated with high complication rates. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques like the Achillon Achilles tendon repair (AATR) were developed to reduce this. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare OATR with AATR.

断端重叠间断横向缝合修复跟腱马尾状撕裂型损伤

目的探讨断端纵向重叠间断横向缝合修复急性闭合性跟腱马尾状撕裂的疗效。方法自2010-06—2014-06诊治23例急性跟腱马尾状撕裂,术中均将马尾状断端梳理后纵向牵拉重叠,应用4号丝线横向间断缝合撕裂跟腱,使用可吸收线修复跟腱鞘膜。术后进行循序渐进康复训练,应用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分系统进行功能评价。结果手术时间平均为42(38~55)min,术后1例发生伤口浅表坏死,未培养出细菌,经换药3周后愈合。23例均获得随访,随访15个月~5年,平均33个月,未发生神经损伤、深静脉血栓、跟腱延长及再断裂等并发症。AOFAS踝与后足评分结果平均为93.4(76~100)分,优21例,良2例。22例主观满意。结论跟腱马尾状撕裂断端重叠间断横向缝合方法可保留自体跟腱组织,基本恢复跟腱正常形态,能够获得良好的强度、张力及弹性,达到满意临床效果。     

应用同种异体肌腱加强修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的探讨同种异体肌腱加强修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法2005年1月至2011年12月,对26例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者,采用同种异体肌腱在跟腱断裂两侧的正常跟腱组织冠状面钻孔环扎,加强修复断裂的跟腱。结果26例均获随访9～52个月,平均30．7个月,除1例术后伤口延迟愈合外,其余伤口均I期愈合,无全身或局部不良反应,无跟腱黏连再手术者,无跟腱再断裂发生。采用Arner—Lindholm疗效评定方法,优22例（84．6％）,良4例（15．4％）。结论同种异体肌腱加强修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂疗效满意,并发症少,手术操作简单,是一种可行的手术方法。     

5-year results of the 1.5 cm incision Achilles tendon repair

BackgroundTo study a hypothesis that the cost-effective 1.5 cm medial incision Achilles tendon repair technique will provide good functional outcomes which are maintained for over 5 years.MethodProspective study of 12 consecutive cases with a minimal 5-year follow-up were recruited from April 2008 to November 2010. Cases whom were mentally incompetent or those which required concomitant procedures were excluded. Outcomes measures included the numeric pain rating scale, motor power strength, range of motion, functional scoring using the AOFAS hindfoot score and patient’s self-assessment using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).ResultNo re-ruptures or sural nerve injured were identified after a minimal 5-year follow-up. Pain was minimal at 0.5/10, calf power was 5/5 and ankle range was good (plantarflexion: 38°/dorsiflexion: 21°). The AOFAS hindfoot score was 97.4 and all 5 sub-categories of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were good.ConclusionThe 1.5 cm medial incision repair of the Achilles tendon is an economically sound surgical technique, with minimal complications, which gives good medium length functional outcomes.Level of evidenceIV.     

两种方法治疗新鲜闭合跟腱断裂

目的 比较跟腱断裂通道微创修复和传统开放切口直视下修复治疗新鲜闭合跟腱断裂的疗效.方法 将43例新鲜闭合跟腱断裂患者根据治疗方法 不同分为微创组(采用跟腱断裂通道微创修复术治疗,25例)和传统组(采用传统开放切口直视下修复术治疗,18例).比较两组切口长度、手术时间、切口愈合时间、术后并发症、疼痛评分及踝关节功能评分....     

应用双津下缝合法修复跟腱断裂疗效分析

目的探讨采用0号可吸收普迪思圈套线(PDS-Ⅱ线)双津下缝合法修复跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法 2005年1月-2008年12月,收治36例跟腱断裂患者。男29例,女7例;年龄21～50岁,平均36岁。运动损伤25例,摔伤4例,锐器割伤6例,其他伤1例。新鲜闭合损伤22例,新鲜开放损伤6例,伤后至入院时间1～10 d,平均6 d;陈旧性闭合损伤8例,伤后至入院时间43～63 d,平均51 d。提踵试验及Thopmson征均呈阳性。患者均采用0号可吸收PDS-Ⅱ线双津下缝合法修复。术后于踝跖屈30°位短腿石膏固定6周后,开始功能锻炼。结果术后2例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者切口愈合不良,经对症治疗后切口愈合;其余切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均15个月。随访期间均未发生跟腱再次断裂及反射性交感神经营养不良。患者踝关节活动度与健侧相比,7例无减少,16例减少1～10°,12例减少10～20°,1例减少25°。根据Termann跟腱损伤临床评价标准,评分为74～96分,平均90分;获优24例,良11例,可1例,优良率为97.2%。结论双津下缝合法手术操作简便,缝线在腱内无横行交叉,修复断裂跟腱后对其血运影响小。PDS-Ⅱ线可提供高强度张力,并可完全吸收,不易发生局部粘连。采用该方法修复跟腱断裂术后并发症发生率较低,可获得较好疗效。     

Incidence and effect of calcifications after open-augmented Achilles tendon repair

Background and aims

The objective of this study was to analyse the incidence and effect on clinical outcome of post-operative Achilles tendon calcifications after open-augmented repair according to the Silfverskjöld technique.

Patients/methods

This retrospective study presents the results of follow-up examinations on 104 patients with Achilles tendon rupture who were treated according to the Silfverskjöld technique. Post-operative calcifications were identified by means of sonography, and clinical outcome was evaluated using the 100 points Thermann score. The average follow-up examination period was 3.7 years with an average patient age of 42.9 years. Two groups were identified and included those with (Group I) and those without (Group II) calcifications. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Thermann score for both groups and was compared statistically by means of the two random sample t-test.

Results

Fifteen patients (Group I) developed tendon calcifications (14.4%) and 89 none (Group II). Group I scored 88.0 points and Group II 88.1 (good to very good outcome). There were no negative effects on clinical outcome (t = 0.98).

Conclusions

The incidence of tendon calcification after open-augmented repair of Achilles tendon rupture was 14.4% with no negative effects on clinical outcome as measured by the Thermann score.     

Mechanical evaluation of different techniques for Achilles tendon repair

Introduction One aim of the surgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures is to obtain a maximum primary stability of the sutured tendon. Therefore, we investigated the primary stability of sutured human Achilles tendons depending on different applied techniques. Methods The strength of 60 repaired cadaveric human Achilles tendons was tested depending on either the suture technique (Bunnell or Kessler), the suture material (PDS-thread or PDS-cord) or an additional plantaris tendon augmentation (PDS-thread with or without augmentation). Following anatomic reconstruction the repaired specimens were loaded to failure. Results The use of Bunnell's technique resulted in a stronger primary suture stability compared to Kessler's technique. Sutures carried out with a PDS-thread were of lower strength than those accomplished with a PDS-cord (Bunnell: thread 139 N ± 29.8; cord 291 N ± 55.2/Kessler: thread 137 N ± 37.3; cord 180 N ± 41.1). Sutures performed according to Bunnell's technique with a PDS-thread and an additional autologous plantaris tendon augmentation reached the highest primary stability (326 N ± 124.9). Conclusions The findings identify the Achilles tendon suture with a PDS-cord according to Bunnell's technique as a mechanically strong method. A plantaris tendon augmentation in addition to a PDS-thread can even add more stability to the Achilles tendon suture.     

The use of Teno Fix tendon repair device in a patient with multiple flexor tendon ruptures

Flexor tendon laceration repairs remain challenging despite numerous advances in hand surgery. Although progress on this vital subject matter has been achieved, there continues to be discussion over which surgical technique produces the optimal result. Currently there are several recommended surgical repair options for the lacerated flexor tendon. However, these repairs continue to have possible significant complications including adhesions, decreased range of motion, gapping, and post operative rupture. Stainless steel suture has long been known as an option for flexor tendon repair. Stainless steel suture demonstrates one of the highest tensile strength sutures. However until recently, stainless steel suture placement for flexor tendon repairs was technically problematic. This case study discusses an additional option for repairing lacerated flexor tendons using an advanced stainless steel tendon repair system.     

Platelet-Rich Plasma in acute Achilles tendon ruptures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPlatelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is known to exert multi-directional biological effects favouring tendon healing. However, conclusions drawn by numerous studies on its clinical efficacy for acute Achilles tendon rupture are limited. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this and to compare to those without PRP treatment.MethodsThe Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Pubmed, Medline and Embase were used and assessed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria with the following search terms: (‘plasma’ OR ‘platelet-rich’ OR ‘platelet-rich plasma’ or ‘PRP’) AND (‘Achilles tendon rupture/tear’ OR ‘calcaneal tendon rupture/tear’ OR ‘tendo calcaneus rupture/tear’). Data pertaining to biomechanical outcomes (heel endurance test, isokinetic strength, calf-circumference and range of motion), patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and incidence of re-ruptures were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed for same outcomes measured in at least three studies. Pooled outcome data were analysed by random- and fixed-effects models.ResultsAfter abstract and full-text screening, 6 studies were included. In total there were 510 patients of which 256 had local PRP injection and 254 without. The average age was 41.6 years, mean time from injury to treatment 5.9 days and mean follow-up at 61 weeks. Biomechanically, there was similar heel endurance, isokinetic strength, calf circumference and range of motion between both groups. In general, there were no differences in patient reported outcomes from all scoring systems used in the studies. Both groups returned to their pre-injured level at a similar time and there were no differences on the incidence of re-rupture (OR 1.13, 95% CI, 0.46–2.80, p = 0.79).ConclusionPRP injections for acute Achilles tendon ruptures do not improve medium to long-term biomechanical and clinical outcomes. However, future studies incorporating the ideal application and biological composition of PRP are required to investigate its true clinical efficacy.     

三种手术方法治疗新鲜跟腱断裂比较研究

目的比较传统切开跟腱吻合术、经皮微创跟腱吻合术以及应用跟腱吻合器有限切开术治疗新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂的疗效,为临床治疗方式的选择提供参考依据。方法 2007年12月-2010年3月将69例符合纳入标准的新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂患者随机分为3组,其中采用传统切开跟腱吻合术23例(传统切开组),经皮微创跟腱吻合术23例(经皮微创组),应用跟腱吻合器有限切开治疗23例(有限切开组)。3组患者性别、年龄、损伤机制、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果经皮微创组及有限切开组住院时间及失血量明显优于传统切开组(P<0.01)。术后传统切开组发生2例(8.7%)切口感染坏死,其余两组患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合;传统切开组术后腱旁组织并发症发生率高于其余两组(P<0.05)。经皮微创组及有限切开组各1例(4.3%)发生跟腱再断裂,传统切开组跟腱再断裂发生率(0)低于其余两组(P<0.05)。69例均获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均14.9个月。术后12个月3组踝关节AOFAS评分均>90分,较同组术前显著改善(P<0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3种手术方式均能有效治疗新鲜跟腱断裂,有限切开或经皮微创手术方法创伤小,伤口愈合好,住院时间少,术后腱旁组织并发症少,但跟腱再断裂风险增加。     

Isokinetic functional outcomes of open versus percutaneous repair following Achilles tendon tears

BackgroundRupture of the Achilles tendon (AT) is frequent in young recreational athletes. Conservative management, open surgery and percutaneous/minimally invasive approaches are all advocated, and conflicting data are available. This study compared functional and anthropometric outcomes of patients who underwent open or percutaneous repair.MethodsA retrospective comparative study, in which 38 patients underwent open and percutaneous techniques to manage AT ruptures. For functional assessment, the calf circumference of both injured and uninjured legs was evaluated. Isokinetic testing included total plantar flexion work, peak plantar flexion torque, total dorsiflexion work peak and dorsiflexion torque. The Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) were evaluated at a final minimum follow-up of 12 months.ResultsNo major complications were observed. The average time to return to sport was 9 months. AOFAS and ATRS values did not differ statistically between groups. Isokinetic variables and circumference were similar in the operated and non-operated limb in both groups, and did not differ either when comparing open and percutaneous repair.ConclusionsOpen and percutaneous repair of a torn Achilles tendon produced similar functional outcomes.     

Granuloma formation secondary to Achilles tendon repair with nonabsorbable suture

INTRODUCTION

Several complications can be observed after Achilles tendon repairs. In this study we aimed to report granuloma formation secondary to Achilles tendon repair with Ethibond (Ethicon INC, Somerville, New Jersey) suture.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 31 year-old man operated for Achilles tendon rupture. The Ethibond suture was used for primary repair. The patient attended to polyclinic with the complaints of swelling and discharge around the operation site four months after operation. A mass around distal portion of the Achilles tendon was detected. The granulomatous tissue was excised. Inside the mass Ethibond suture was detected. On histopathologic examination, typical findings of the foreign body reaction were observed. No microorganism was cultivated in the tissue culture. The patient has no complaint on the twelfth month control after surgery.

DISCUSSION

The results of primary repair of Achilles tendon are good but several complications were reported. In tendon repairs generally nonabsorbable sutures are used. The Ethibond is nonabsorbable, braided suture. In the literature, granuloma formations secondary to the suture materials such as polygylactine and braided polyethylen–polyester after Achilles tendon repair were reported but granuloma secondary to the Ethibond is very rare.

CONCLUSION

Although Ethibond suture is a strong and safe material for Achilles tendon repairs it may cause soft tissue problems such as granuloma.     

Photochemical repair of Achilles tendon rupture in a rat model

BACKGROUND: Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is an emerging technique for bonding or sealing tissue surfaces that requires light and a photoactive dye for its effect. The potential of PTB for tendon repair was assessed in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The optical properties of bovine tendon were determined ex vivo to gauge the depth of light penetration as a function of wavelength and dosimetry parameters were established for PTB repair of ruptured tendon. PTB was then tested in vivo to repair transected tendons in Sprague-Dawley rats. Repair strengths were measured using a strain gauge up to 14 days post treatment. RESULTS: The effective penetration depth in tendon was estimated to be 0.68 mm at 514 nm. Following PTB treatment of mechanically ruptured tendon, significant bonding was dependent on the presence of both light and dye and attained a plateau strength at a fluence of 125 J/cm2. In a subsequent in vivo study to investigate PTB for repair of transected rat Achilles tendon, the ultimate stress required to break the repaired tendon was measured immediately after irradiation and at 7 and 14 days post-repair. Results showed that the difference in the ultimate stress between control and PTB treatment groups was statistically significant immediately after treatment and at 7 days (p = 0.04) but not 14 days (p = 0.75) post-repair. CONCLUSIONS: PTB provides a benefit to tendon repair at early stages in repair and is worthy of further investigation as a potential surgical adjunct for tendon repair in orthopedic surgeries.     

Endobutton联合双束跽长屈肌腱解剖止点重建治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

背景：陈旧性跟腱断裂是足踝外科的常见疾病,目前临床以手术治疗为主。蹿长屈肌腱常被移植用作跟腱的修复,但存在单束重建时腱体单薄、双束重建时长度不足等问题。目的：观察Endobuuon联合双束蹿长屈肌腱于跟腱解剖止点重建跟腱治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂伤的临床疗效。方法：2010年1月至2011年6月,对21例MyersonIII型陈旧性跟腱断裂伤患者采用自体蹰长屈肌腱移植、双束蹿长屈肌腱联合Endobutcon跟腱解剖止点重建的方法进行治疗。男16例,女5例,年龄33-47岁,平均39．5岁。均为闭合性跟腱断裂。随访包括临床评价、X线及MR检查,采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot＆Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足评分以及Leppilahti跟腱修复评分标准进行术后疗效评定。结果：21例获得平均16个月随访（12-30个月）。AOFAS—AH评分从术前63．2-8．3分提高到93．5±8．1分;Leppilahti跟腱修复评分从术前71．5±9．1分提高到93．2±5．9分。所有患者均无神经损伤、切口感染等并发症。术后6个月X线示Endobuaon固定位置良好,MRI示移植肌腱位置及形态良好。结论：Endobuaon联合双束蹰长屈肌腱解剖止点重建的方法可为跟腱提供强度和长度更为满意的自体移植物,术后功能恢复良好,无明显并发症。     

Percutaneous suturing of the ruptured Achilles tendon with endoscopic control

Introduction  A prospective study of modified percutaneous Achilles tendon repair performed between 1999 and 2005 under local infiltration anesthesia is presented; the study evaluated the results of percutaneous repair technique by visualization of the synovia under endoscopic control, followed by early functional postoperative treatment for surgical intervention of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Patients  Sixty-two patients (58 males, 4 females, mean age 32) were treated by percutaneous suturing with modified Bunnel technique under endoscopic control within 10 days after acute total rupture. Physiotherapy was initiated immediately after the operation and patients were encouraged to weight-bearing ambulation with a walking brace-moon boot as tolerated. Full weight-bearing was allowed minimum after 3 weeks postoperatively without brace. Results  The procedure was tolerated in all patients. There were no significant ROM limitation was observed. Two patients experienced transient hypoesthesia in the region of sural nerve that spontaneously resolved in 6 months. Fifty-nine patients (95%) including professional athletes returned to their previous sportive activities, while 18 of them (29%) had some minor complaints. The interval from injury to return to regular work and rehabilitation training was 11.7 weeks (10–13 weeks). At the latest follow-up (mean: 46 months; range: 12–78 months), all the patients had satisfactory results with a mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society’s ankle-hindfoot score of 94.6. No re-ruptures, deep venous thrombosis or wound problems occurred. Conclusion  The proposed method offers a reasonable treatment option for acute total Achilles tendon rupture with a low number of complications. The rerupture rate and return to preinjury activities are comparable to open and percutaneous without endoscopic control procedures.