Acute Flaxseed Intake Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Background: Postprandial glycemic excursions are associated with impairment control of diabetes mellitus. Long-term consumption of flaxseed can lower blood glucose levels; however, its effects on the postprandial glycemic response remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of raw flaxseed consumption on the 2 h postprandial glycemic curve in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was a randomized crossover clinical trial. Nineteen men with T2DM were randomly assigned a standardized breakfast without (control) or with a previous intake of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed (flax). Glycemia was measured at fasting and postprandial at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Palatability markers (visual appeal, smell, and pleasantness of taste) and taste intensity (sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, sourness, and creaminess) were evaluated. Results: The peak glucose rise and the 2 h AUC glycemic response reduced in the flax group by 17% (p = 0.001) and 24% (p < 0.001), respectively. The glucose peak time, palatability, and taste parameters did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Ingestion of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed before breakfast decreases the 2 h postprandial glycemic response in men with T2DM.     

Dietary Intake in Early Pregnancy and Glycemia in Late Pregnancy among Women with Obesity

Women with obesity have increased risk for hyperglycemia during pregnancy, with negative health consequences for mother and child. We aimed to investigate adherence to nutritional recommendations in early pregnancy and to examine associations between early pregnancy dietary intake and late pregnancy glycemia among women with obesity. We included 120 women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m² who participated in one of two randomized controlled trials. The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire in early pregnancy (gestational weeks 12–22). Fasting and 120 min glucose tolerance after ingestion of 75 g glucose were assessed in late pregnancy (gestational weeks 32–37). About 90% of the participants reported early pregnancy diary intake within the recommendations. Average intakes of vitamin D, iron, and folate were below recommended levels. High intakes of dairy products and protein in early pregnancy were associated with lower fasting glucose in late pregnancy, whereas high intake of bread was associated with lower 120 min glucose. There were no clear associations between single dietary variables and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis in late pregnancy. In conclusion, some early pregnancy dietary variables were associated with late pregnancy glycemia. Potential causality of these findings should be investigated in future studies.     

Differences in Food Intake among Obese and Nonobese Women and Men with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Weight reduction is a key goal for the prevention of vascular complications in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, but a nutritionally balanced intake is also important in this regard. We compared dietary intakes and vitamin supplement use between obese and nonobese women and men with type 2 diabetes to identify gaps in adherence to nutritional management guidelines.

Methods: We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of adults with type 2 diabetes, wherein participants were assessed once per season over 1 year. Dietary data were collected using a validated semiquantitative, self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Given the absence of seasonal variations in anthropometric variables and dietary intake, data from multiple visits were averaged for each individual. Associations of both intake of fruit and vegetables and nutrients related to cardiovascular disease risk were compared between obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²) and nonobese individuals through multivariable linear regression with adjustments for age, education, and energy intake.

Results: Among the 200 participants (93 women and 107 men), 53% of women and 43% of men were obese. Compared with nonobese women, obese women consumed more saturated fat (mean difference, 1.2% of total energy intake; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3% to 2.2%) and sodium (mean difference, 0.3 g; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.5 g), and they had a lower intake of fiber (mean difference, ?2.7 g; 95% CI, ?4.4 to ?0.9 g) and magnesium (mean difference, ?33.6 mg; 95% CI, ?55.2 to ?12.0 g). No differences in dietary intake were observed between obese and nonobese men, but the intakes of men overall were similar to those of obese women. Compared with nonobese participants, fewer obese individuals used vitamin/mineral supplements (women: 37% vs 48%, men: 26% vs 38%).

Conclusions: Obese women and both obese and nonobese men appeared to have poorer dietary quality compared with nonobese women. Our findings support the need to emphasize dietary composition in addition to weight control in diabetes.     

Dietary Intake and Milk Micronutrient Levels in Lactating Women with Full and Partial Breastfeeding

Background

Micronutrient intake and status in lactating women may impact micronutrient levels in milk.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the micronutrient intake and status in lactating women, and their association with micronutrient levels in human milk.

Methods

Lactating women were enrolled at 4–6 months postpartum. A 24h food recall was examined and nutrient intakes were analyzed using INMUCAL software. Human milk samples were collected to analyze calcium, copper, iron, and zinc levels. Plasma zinc and serum ferritin levels were determined.

Results

Thirty-four women participated; 19 were classified as full breastfeeding and 15 as partial breastfeeding. Mean levels of calcium, copper, iron, and zinc in human milk were 243, 0.2, 0.2, and 1.56 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency (plasma zinc?<?10.7 µmol/L) was 11.8%. No lactating women had iron deficiency. Nutrient intakes were lower than the recommended amounts in 38%–70% of participants, and were not correlated with corresponding nutrient levels in human milk. Multiple linear regression showed significant association between zinc levels in human milk and plasma for lactating women with full breastfeeding (β?=?0.034, 95% confidence interval [0.003, 0.067], p?=?0.040).

Conclusions

Lactating women were at risk of micronutrient deficiency. There was an association between zinc levels in human milk and plasma of lactating women with full breastfeeding. As the nutritional status of lactating women influences the quality of human milk, we should encourage good nutrient intake for lactating women.

     

Hyperglycemia and Carotenoid Intake Are Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

BackgroundSerum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the utility of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V intake in individuals with type 1 diabetes is unclear.ObjectiveThe study objectives were: 1) to investigate the relationship of glycemic control, oxidative stress, dietary carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoid concentrations in youth with type 1 diabetes and 2) to determine whether glycemic control or oxidative stress moderates the association of carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoids.DesignThe study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from youth with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were drawn from youth with type 1 diabetes to assess carotenoids and markers of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol); urine samples were used to assess oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α); and 3-day diet records completed by families were used to determine F/V and carotenoid intake.Participants/settingThe study participants were youth with type 1 diabetes (n=136; age range: 8 to 16.9 years; diabetes duration ≥1 year; glycated hemoglobin: 5.8% to 11.9%) enrolled in a nutrition intervention trial from 2010 to 2013 at a tertiary diabetes center in Boston, MA.Main outcome measuresSerum carotenoids (total carotenoids and α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin).Statistical analysisRegression analyses were used to estimate the association of glycemic control, oxidative stress, F/V and carotenoid intake with serum carotenoids, as well as the role of glycemic control and oxidative stress in moderating diet-serum carotenoid associations.ResultsGreater F/V intake (β=0.35, P<0.001) and carotenoid intake (β=0.28, P<0.01) were associated with higher total serum carotenoids, and no moderation by glycemic control or oxidative stress was observed. Greater hyperglycemia, as indicated by lower 1,5-anhydroglucitol (β=0.27, P<0.01), was related to lower serum carotenoids; however, glycated hemoglobin was not associated with serum carotenoids. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α was not associated with glycemic control or serum carotenoids.ConclusionsFindings support the validity of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V and carotenoid intake in youth with type 1 diabetes.     

Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macronutrient intake and time in range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-center study recruited patients with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between January 2019 and January 2020 from centers across Italy. Diet intake was recorded using three-day weighed food diaries. Nutrients were evaluated as percentages of total intake. TIR was considered at target if the percentage of readings was higher than 70%. Clinical and nutritional factors associated with TIR at target were analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis and multiple logistic regression. Data from 197 participants (53% male, median age 11.6 years, median HbA1c 55.2 mmol/mol, median TIR 60%) were analyzed. Macronutrient intake was 45.9% carbohydrates, 16.9% protein, 37.3% fat, and 13.1 g/day fiber (median values). TIR > 70% was observed in 28% of participants; their diet contained more protein (17.6%, p = 0.015) and fiber (14.4 g/day, p = 0.031) than those not at target. The probability of having a TIR > 70% was significantly higher with 40–44% consumption of carbohydrates compared with 45–50% consumption of carbohydrates and with the use of a carbohydrate counting system. Based on these results, a five percent reduction in the percentage of carbohydrate intake can help children and adolescents with T1D achieve the goal of a TIR > 70%. Both a lower and higher percentage of carbohydrate intake appears to reduce the probability of reaching the target TIR > 70%. These results require validation in other populations before being used in clinical practice.     

Dietary Fiber Intakes and Insulin Requirements Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective To determine whether higher dietary fiber intake (water soluble and insoluble) is associated with lower insulin requirements and better glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes consuming a self-selected diet.Design A longitudinal, observational study.Subjects Pregnant women (n=141) with type 1 diabetes participating in an interdisciplinary program examining the effects of glycemic control on pregnancy outcome (Diabetes and Pregnancy Program, University of Cincinnati Medical Center).Measurements We determined total, water soluble and insoluble fiber intakes f, om 3-day food records kept each trimester during pregnancy. Outcome measures were insulin dose, pre-meal blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin concentrations.Statistical analyses Correlation coefficients, multiple regression, mixed-model analysis of variance.Results Mean intakes (g/day) of total, water soluble fiber, and insoluble fiber were 14.0 (range, 1.8-33.1), 4.8 (range, 0.6-10.5) and 9.0 (range, 1.1-24.0), respectively. In the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, insulin requirements were inversely associated with total, water soluble, and insoluble fiber intakes; the correlation coefficients ranged from −0.22 to −0.17 (P=.02 to 0.08). Insulin requirements associated with a higher fiber intake (20.5 g/day) were 16% to 18% lower than for a lower fiber intake (8.1 g/ day). These relations remained after adjustment for body weight, disease severity and duration, insulin type, and study year in the second (P=.03 to 0.10) but not in the third trimester. Pre-meal blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations were not associated with fiber intake.Conclusions Among pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, higher fiber intake is associated with lower daily insulin requirements. Dietary fiber intake should be considered when counseling patients about the management of blood glucose concentrations. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001; 101: 305-310.     

Salt Intake of Lactating Women as Assessed by Modified Food Weighted Records

Objective: High salt intake among lactating women can increase the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in infants/offspring. However, considering the limited salt intake data in lactating women, the aims of this study were to compare the salt intake assessed by modified food weighted records (FWR) with that estimated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion and to investigate the salt intake of lactating women.

Methods: In total, 30 lactating women aged 20–39 years who were 2 to 4 months postpartum were recruited from the cities of Tianjin and Luoyang in China. The household salt intakes of the lactating women were collected by modified FWR for 3 days. Information on the gender, age, eating behaviours and labour intensity of the family members and guests dining at home during the 3 days was recorded. Meanwhile, 24-h urine samples of lactating women were collected.

Results: The salt intakes of the lactating women estimated by modified FWR and 24-h urinary sodium excretion were 8.50 ± 5.32 g/d and 9.34±3.74 g/d (t=?1.29, P=0.207), respectively, which exceeded the WHO recommendation of 5 g/d. There was a significant correlation (r=0.628, P < 0.001) between the salt intakes assessed by the two methods. A Bland-Altman plot showed no significant mean difference between the two methods (salt intake measured by 24-h urinary sodium excretion-salt intake assessed by modified FWR=0.46 g/d, P=0.207).

Conclusions: The modified FWR is a reliable tool to assess the salt intake of lactating women. The salt intake of lactating women in China remains higher than the WHO recommendation and should be restricted through further efforts.     

Comparing Associations of Dietary Energy Density and Energy Intake,Macronutrients with Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (JDDM 63)

To investigate the association between dietary energy density (DED) and obesity in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we compared the strength of the associations of DED with intake of energy and macronutrients in terms of obesity as well as nutritional factors that have long been used for medical nutritional therapy. Cross-sectionally investigated were 1615 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who attended 26 clinics nationwide with diabetes specialists. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the association between obesity and DED, energy, and macronutrients by quintile categories and a 1 SD increment with adjustment for potential confounders. β coefficients were calculated for the association between body mass index (BMI) and each nutritional factor by 1 SD increments in nutritional values. Multi-adjusted OR for obesity between extreme quintiles of DED was 2.99 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.01–3.12). Conversely, the ORs did not differ significantly according to the quintiles of other nutrient factors. Multi-adjusted β coefficient of BMI per 1 SD according to DED was far higher than those of other nutrient factors (β coefficient 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41–0.88). These findings indicated that DED in persons with type 2 diabetes was positively associated with BMI and the prevalence of obesity. DED was also much more potently associated with obesity and BMI than nutritional indicators such as intake of energy or macronutrients.     

Dietary Intake and Physical Activity of Thai Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Appropriate dietary intake and physical activity (PA) are essential for glycemic control and optimal growth in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, this study aimed to compare dietary intake and PA between youth with T1D and healthy controls. One hundred Thai youth with T1D and 100 age-matched healthy participants were recruited. A 3-day food record was completed and converted into nutrient intake data. PA data were collected via interview. Participants with T1D had a significantly higher mean ± SD carbohydrate (50.8 ± 6.8% vs. 46.2 ± 7.5%, p < 0.01), lower fat (32.4 ± 5.9% vs. 35.9 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01), and lower protein (16.8 ± 2.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.5%, p = 0.01) intake compared to controls. Fifty percent of T1D participants and 41% of control participants consumed saturated fat more than recommendations (p = 0.20). Participants with T1D had a higher median (IQR) calcium intake compared to controls (474 (297–700) vs. 328 (167–447) mg/day, p < 0.01). Both groups consumed less fiber and more sodium compared to recommendations. Both groups had inadequate PA. Participants with T1D had significantly less PA compared to controls (25 (13–48) vs. 34 (14–77) minutes/day, p = 0.04). In addition to the need for counseling that promotes consumption of more dietary fiber and calcium and less saturated fat and sodium, the benefits of performing regular exercise need to be emphasized among youth with T1D.     

Glycemia and the Quality of Well-Being in Patients with Diabetes

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cross-sectional relationships among self-reported frequencies of symptomatic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, HbA1c, and symptoms in the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered (QWB-SA), and to examine the associations among these measures of glycemia and health-utility scores. METHODS: The study group included 1522 patients with diabetes who attended University of Michigan Health System clinics. Published studies were reviewed to identify symptoms in the QWB-SA that might be associated with measures of glycemia. Linear-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the strength of the associations among the frequency of self-reported measures of glycemia, QWB-SA symptoms, and QWB-SA-derived health-utility scores. RESULTS: Frequency of hyperglycemic symptoms was associated with 3% of the variance in the QWB-SA-derived health-utility score in type-1 diabetes and with 5% of the variance in type-2 diabetes. Frequency of hypoglycemic symptoms was not associated with the QWB-SA-derived health-utility score in type-1 diabetes but was associated with 1% of the variance in type-2 diabetes. HbAlc levels were not significantly associated with QWB-SA-derived health-utility scores. After controlling for age, gender, and complications, frequency of hyperglycemic symptoms was significantly associated with QWB-SA-derived health-utility scores in type-1 and type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Reported frequency of hyperglycemic symptoms is associated with symptoms included in the QWB-SA and with QWB-SA-derived health-utility scores. The QWB-SA may be an appropriate measure to assess the health burden of hyperglycemia.     

甘精胰岛素与中效胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者时血糖漂移和低血糖发生率对比分析

目的 用动态血糖监测方法评价两种基础胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)时血糖漂移和低血糖发生率的差异.方法 分别使用每日1次甘精胰岛素(GL)和每日2次中效胰岛素(NPH)治疗两组T2DM患者,采用动态血糖检测的方法,评价两组患者血糖漂移和低血糖发生率的差异.结果 GL组血糖漂移小于NPH组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05), 低血糖事件,GL组低于NPH组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 GL和NPH治疗T2DM,在空腹血糖控制达标时,GL组血糖漂移度及低血糖发生率较低.     

Role of Spirulina in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Spirulina, with its high concentration of functional nutrients, is emerging as an important therapeutic food. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic role of Spirulina. Twenty-five subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive Spirulina (study group) or to form the control group. At baseline, the control and study groups were matched for various variables. The efficacy of Spirulina supplementation (2 g/day for 2 months) was determined using the preintervention and postintervention blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and lipid profiles of the diabetic subjects. Two-month supplementation with Spirulina resulted in an appreciable lowering of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose levels. A significant reduction in the HbA(1c) level was also observed, indicating improved long-term glucose regulation. With regard to lipids, triglyceride levels were significantly lowered. Total cholesterol (TC) and its fraction, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), exhibited a fall coupled with a marginal increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). As a result, a significant reduction in the atherogenic indices, TC:HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C, was observed. The level of apolipoprotein B registered a significant fall together with a significant increment in the level of apolipoprotein A1. Therefore, a significant and favorable increase in the ratio of A1:B was also noted. These findings suggest the beneficial effect of Spirulina supplementation in controlling blood glucose levels and in improving the lipid profile of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Exercise Effects on Postprandial Glycemia,Mood, and Sympathovagal Balance in Type 2 Diabetes

ObjectivesTo compare the impact of walking with a recreational activity on postprandial glycemia, heart rate variability, and mood state following the dinner meal.DesignParticipants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) participated in 3 trials on different days in random order after ingestion of a standardized dinner meal (300 ± 6 kcals).SettingUniversity clinical testing laboratory.ParticipantsTwelve participants (9 female, 3 male; 58.7 ± 2.4 years) with uncomplicated T2D not taking insulin or beta-blocker medications.InterventionThirty minutes of self-paced walking on a treadmill (TM), 30 minutes of table tennis played continuously against the iPong robot (TT), and 30 minutes of rest (CON) undertaken 30 minutes after the start of ingestion of the same dinner meal on three occasions within a week.MeasurementsBlood glucose was measured at 30-minute intervals through 180 minutes starting immediately prior to the dinner meal. Profile of Mood States was completed before and immediately following exercise or rest. Sympathovagal balance (heart rate variability) was measured prior to eating and 30 minutes after trial completion.ResultsCompared with TT or CON, TM resulted in significantly lower postprandial blood glucose (P < .05), as well as a greater quantity of physical activity than TT (+72%) or rest (+91%; P < .01). Mean heart rate during TM was significantly greater than during TT (+25.9 beats per minute; P < .01). However, neither mood state nor HRV were significantly different among trials.ConclusionsThirty minutes of self-paced walking following the dinner meal may be more effective at lowering postprandial glycemia in T2D than a similar duration of table tennis played continuously against a robot.     

Factors Predicting Sodium Intake of Korean Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications including cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease threaten Korean Americans (KAs). High dietary sodium intake contributes to both conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess dietary sodium consumption and to examine the predictors of sodium intake among KA with T2DM. A total 232 KA who had uncontrolled diabetes participated in this study. The majority of the sample (69%) consumed more sodium than current national guidelines. A high level of energy intake was the strongest predictor for sodium intake with gender and marital status also related. Our findings identified predictive factors to excessive sodium intake and these data support the need for culturally-tailored education about appropriate dietary sodium and energy intake are needed for patients about T2DM.     

Associations of Energy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes with Hypertryglyceridemia in Older Adults Living in the Mediterranean Islands: The Medis Study

The intent of this research was to explore the influence of physical activity on the appetite of older adults in long-term care. Given the impact of the anorexia of aging and the increasing numbers of older adults, this could have significant health implications. Residents (N = 93) of a long-term care, assisted living, and rehabilitation facility were surveyed using the “Appetite & Activity Questionnaire.” There was no relationship found between physical activity and appetite regardless of the participants' sex or age. BMI appeared to correlate well with the amount of activity that was performed. The most salient finding was the near absence of physical activity, even in the presence of facilities, support personnel, and available time.     

Sexual Dysfunction in Turkish Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common health problem for many men and women all over the world. This study was conducted to determine sexual dysfunction among Turkish men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Eighty men and eighty women were included in the sampling. This study inclusion criterion were: awareness of the illness, literate, married, the age range of the diabetic women 18–45, and not pregnant, the age range of the diabetic men 18–65 years, DM diagnosed at least 1 year, able to read the Turkish language, agreed to participate in the study. The data was completed using a questionnaire form, the index of female sexual function (IFSF), and the international index of erectile function (IIEF). The prevalence of male sexual dysfunction was 65.0 %; the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 68.8 %. The scores obtained from the subscale of the IFSF were lower for women with SD. There were also significant differences between the two groups in all domains (lubrication, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, clitoral sensation, overall satisfaction) except for the orgasmic function domain (p = 0.000). Scores obtained from the subscale of the IIEF were lower in men with SD, and between the two groups significant differences were found in the domains of erectile function (p = 0.000) and sexual desire (p = 0.010). We also found statistically significant differences between the income level (p = 0.003), family size (p = 0.002), therapy (p = 0.017) and SD in women. Differences for men were found between the age and SD (p = 0.018).     

Sexual Dysfunction and Depression in Turkish Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The aim of this study is to examine sexual dysfunction (SD) and depression in Turkish women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Forty-five women were included in the sampling. The study inclusion criteria were: literate, 18 years or older, able to speak, understand and communicate verbally in Turkish, not pregnant, having active sexual life, agreed to participate in the study. Patients had been diagnosed with DM at least 6 months before conducting the study. The instrument included questions about demographic variables. In addition, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory were used. It was determined that the women between the ages 22 and over 50, primary school graduates, unemployed and those living in large family, those suffering from diabetes for more than 10 years were more SD and had higher level of depression than the other groups. A significant positive correlation was found between SD and depression. It was also found that as the level of depression of the patients increased, the mean subtotal and total FSFI scores decreased.     

膳食铁摄入与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探索膳食铁摄入与2型糖尿病的相关性。方法选择2型糖尿病患者作为病例组和正常人群作为对照组进行病例对照研究。通过问卷调查、膳食调查和铁负荷水平检测,比较病例组与对照组膳食铁摄入量和铁负荷指标的差异,并采用多因素回归分析法计算2型糖尿病与高铁膳食摄入的OR值。结果2型糖尿病病例组膳食铁摄入量显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。病例组血清中铁蛋白含量平均值为（280．3±107．2）μg/L,超过血清中蛋白含量的正常值水平,与对照组[（180．42±90．45）μg／L]比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高膳食铁摄入与2型糖尿病患病风险的0R值为3．72（置信区间为3．23～4．12）。结论高水平膳食铁摄入与2型糖尿病的患病风险存在正相关。