进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)一家系临床与遗传学特征分析

目的 研究一个进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)家系的临床特点、遗传性特征并复习文献.方法 搜集并整理一个进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)家系患者临床表现、辅助检查及影像学资料,分析其临床特点和遗传性特征.结果 该家系呈母系遗传,先证者表现为进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)发作,同时伴有近端肌无力、肌肉萎缩、腱反射减弱.肌电图提示肌源性改变,头颅磁共振提示...     

以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征一家系分析

目的研究1个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征(MERRF)家系的临床特点、遗传学特征。方法整理一个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征家系的临床表现、辅助检查及影像学资料,分析其临床特点和遗传特征。结果该家系呈母系遗传,共4人(包括先证者3个同辈,1个子代)出现肌阵挛表现,先证者以光敏性癫痫为主要表现,其肌肉活检可见典型的破碎红纤维(RRF),先证者的线粒体DNA提示8344位点由A突变为G。结论 MERRF家系少见,可以光敏性肌阵挛癫痫为主要表现。     

肌阵挛性小脑协调不能一家系临床及神经影像学特点

目的 通过报道一个肌阵挛性小脑协调不能患者家系,探讨其临床、遗传学及神经影像学特点.方法 对该家系中的先证者进行临床、神经影像学、脑电图、皮肤肌肉病理学及血液学检查,对家系中的其余该病患者进行追踪,绘出家系图谱.结果 该患者家族27位成员中共有肌阵挛性小脑协调不能患者6例,所有患者均有不同程度的肌阵挛、癫痫、进行性小脑共济失调表现.先证者颅脑MRI可见全脑萎缩,其中小脑和皮质萎缩略重.脑白质可见长T1长T2异常信号,T2FLAIR像呈高信号.脑电图见棘慢波、多棘慢波.皮肤肌肉病理活体组织检查未见异常.结论 肌阵挛性小脑协调不能为常染色体显性遗传疾病,临床主要表现为肌阵挛、进行性小脑共济失调和癫痫.颅脑磁共振可表现为脑皮质及小脑萎缩、脑白质异常信号,脑电图棘慢波.诊断主要根据家族遗传史、典型临床表现及颅脑MRI和脑电图特点.     

儿童肌阵挛癫(癎)临床和录像脑电图分析

目的:探讨儿童肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿的临床、脑电图(EEG)和治疗特点.方法:对35例肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿的临床表现、录像脑电图(V-EEG)及抗癫(癎)药物的治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果:35例均有肌阵挛发作,以肌阵挛为唯一的发作形式9例,其它26例合并强直阵挛发作、强直发作、部分性发作等发作类型.30例患儿EEG可见全导...     

肌阵挛研究进展

肌阵挛(myoclonu8)是起源于神经系统的突然、短暂、闪电样肌肉收缩或收缩抑制所致的不自主运动,持续时间一般<400 ms[1];是癫癎患者较常见的一种发作形式,尤其多见于一些癫癎综合征或难治性癫癎,但也可能是健康人的一种生理现象.我们就当前肌阵挛的新认识作一简要介绍.     

正确评估脑电图对提高青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)诊断的价值

青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是特发性全面性癫(癎)中最常见的类型,占癫(癎)患者总数的5 % -10 % ,但因临床医生对其特征认识不足而导致其误诊率和漏诊率仍较高.     

正确评估脑电图对提高青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)诊断的价值

青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是特发性全面性癫(癎)中最常见的类型,占癫(癎)患者总数的5 % -10 % ,但因临床医生对其特征认识不足而导致其误诊率和漏诊率仍较高.     

正确评估脑电图对提高青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)诊断的价值

青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是特发性全面性癫(癎)中最常见的类型,占癫(癎)患者总数的5 % -10 % ,但因临床医生对其特征认识不足而导致其误诊率和漏诊率仍较高.     

正确评估脑电图对提高青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)诊断的价值

青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是特发性全面性癫(癎)中最常见的类型,占癫(癎)患者总数的5 % -10 % ,但因临床医生对其特征认识不足而导致其误诊率和漏诊率仍较高.     

正确评估脑电图对提高青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)诊断的价值

青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是特发性全面性癫(癎)中最常见的类型,占癫(癎)患者总数的5 % -10 % ,但因临床医生对其特征认识不足而导致其误诊率和漏诊率仍较高.     

Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: report of new cases and review of the literature

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterised by loss of motor function and muscle atrophy due to anterior horn cell degeneration. The most common variant is chromosome 5-linked proximal SMA, ranging in severity from congenital onset and infantile death to onset in adult life. Genetically separate variants with different distribution of weakness and/or additional features such as central nervous system involvement have been described. A rare variant with associated myoclonic epilepsy and lower motor neuron disease had been previously described in three families before the SMN gene, responsible for the common form of SMA, was isolated. We report four patients from two additional families affected by a syndrome characterised by severe and progressive myoclonic epilepsy and proximal weakness, tremor and lower motor neuron disease proven by electrophysiologic and muscle biopsy findings. Extensive metabolic investigations were normal and genetic analysis excluded the SMN gene. This study confirms that the association of myoclonic epilepsy and motor neuron disease represents a separate clinical and genetic entity from chromosome 5-linked SMA, the primary defect of which remains unknown.     

Mitochondrial disorders and ataxia

Mitochondrial disorders are important causes of progressive ataxia in children. Clinical examination, metabolic studies, imaging studies, muscle biopsies, and mitochondrial DNA studies are required to arrive at a specific diagnosis. There is poor correlation between phenotype and genotype in mitochondrial disorders. Ataxia is a major clinical presentation in Kearns-Sayre syndrome; mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes; myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers; neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa; Leigh's syndrome; and coenzyme Q10 deficiency.     

Five patients with spinal muscular atrophy-progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME): a novel pathogenic variant,treatment and review of the literature

Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disease due to bi-allelic mutations in the ASAH1 gene. SMA-PME is characterized by progressive muscle weakness from three to seven years of age, accompanied by epilepsy, intractable seizures, and sometimes sensorineural hearing loss. To the best of our knowledge, 47 cases have been reported. The present study reports five patients from four different families affected by SMA-PME characterized by progressive myoclonic epilepsy, proximal weakness, and lower motor neuron disease, as proven by electrodiagnostic studies. Genetic analysis identified two different mutations in the ASAH1 (NM_177924.4) gene, a previously reported pathogenic variant, c.125C>T (p.Thr42Met), and a novel likely pathogenic variant c.109C>A (p.Pro37Thr). In addition to reporting a novel pathogenic variant in the ASAH1 gene causing SMA-PME disease, this study compares the signs, phenotypic, and genetic findings of the case series with previous reports and discusses some symptomatic treatments.     

Mutation in the mitochondrial tRNAIle gene causes progressive myoclonus epilepsy

PurposeThe group of the rare progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PME) include a wide spectrum of mitochondrial and metabolic diseases. In juvenile and adult ages, MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres) is the most common form. The underlying genetic defect in most patients with the syndrome of MERRF is a mutation in the tRNALys gene, but mutations were also detected in the tRNAPhe gene.MethodHere, we describe a 40 year old patient with prominent myoclonic seizures since 39 years of age without a mutation in the known genes who underwent intensive clinical, genetic and functional workup.ResultsThe patient had a slight mental retardation and a severe progressive hearing loss based on a defect of the inner ear on both sides. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) showed bilateral occipital and generalized spikes and polyspikes induced and aggravated by photostimulation. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) detected a global cortical atrophy of the brain and mild periventricular white matter lesions. The electromyography (EMG) was normal but the muscle biopsy showed abundant ragged red fibres. Sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA from the skeletal muscle biopsy revealed a novel heteroplasmic mutation (m.4279A>G) in the tRNAIle gene which was functionally relevant as tested in single skeletal muscle fibre investigations.ConclusionMutations in tRNAIle were described in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), prominent deafness or cardiomyopathy but, up to now, not in patients with myoclonic epilepsy. The degree of heteroplasmy of this novel mitochondrial DNA mutation was 70% in skeletal muscle but only 15% in blood, pointing to the diagnostic importance of a skeletal muscle biopsy also in patients with myoclonic epilepsy.     

Clinical and neuropathologic study of a French family with a mutation in the neuroserpin gene

Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies is a recently described neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for progressive myoclonic epilepsy or presenile dementia. In a French family with the S52R mutation of the neuroserpin gene, progressive myoclonic epilepsy was associated with a frontal syndrome. The typical cerebral inclusions (Collins bodies) were abundant in the frontal cortex and in the head of the caudate nucleus but spared the cerebellum.     

腓骨肌萎缩症的临床、病理学及遗传学特点(附1家系报告)

目的:探讨腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)的临床、病理学及遗传学特点.方法:对1例CMT患者及其家系的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:本家系患者主要表现为先天性慢性进行性双下肢远端肌无力和肌肉萎缩,部分伴双上肢受累;腱反射消失,双下肢感觉减退;弓形足.神经电生理检查示周围神经损害,正中神经传导速度＞38m/s.先证者肌肉病理示I型...     

Familial progressive myoclonic epilepsy. A clinical, genetical, biochemical and patho-anatomical study of a family with a 6-year follow-up

Six siblings, including 4 cases of myoclonic epilepsy, their parents and 2 grandmothers were subjected to systematic investigation, and the patients were followed-up. The genetic studies revealed in the mother's family a patient with Lafora bodies demonstrated at autopsy. No chromosome abnormalities were found nor any linkage to the HLA system. The affected family members were characterized biochemically by an increased excretion of total glycosaminoglycans and/or an abnormal electrophoretic pattern of urinary glycosaminoglycans with an increased proportion of low-sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In the healthy family members this pattern of electrophoresis could also be demonstrated in the father and the paternal grandmother. Based on the biochemical results and the genetic studies it is suggested that the family members with progressive familial myoclonic epilepsy present a combination of at least 2 hereditary defects. The course of the disease has been relatively benign and treatment with sodium valproate, baclofen and clonazepam has shown quite satisfying results. In consequence of the biochemical findings combined treatment with A and E vitamins has been initiated.     

Autosomal dominant myopathy with congenital joint contractures,ophthalmoplegia, and rimmed vacuoles

We describe a new myopathy in a large family with 19 affected cases. Inheritance was autosomal dominant. Characteristic clinical features were congenital joint contractures, which normalized during early childhood, external ophthalmoplegia, and proximal muscle weakness. Muscle atrophy was most prominent in the pectoralis and quadriceps muscles. The clinical course was nonprogressive in childhood, but most adult cases experienced deterioration of muscle function, starting from 30 to 50 years of age. The major histopathological change of skeletal muscle in childhood was focal disorganization of myofilaments. In adults with progressive muscle weakness, the muscle biopsies showed dystrophic changes and rimmed vacuoles with cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions of 15- to 21-nm filaments. These findings suggests that this new disease should be classified as a variant of hereditary inclusion body myopathy.     

Mitochondrial myopathy and myoclonic epilepsy

The authors describe a family (mother, son and two daughters) with mitochondrial myopathy. The mother was asymptomatic. Two daughters had lactic acidosis and myoclonic epilepsy, mild dementia, ataxia, weakness and sensory neuropathy. The son suffered one acute hemiplegic episode due to an ischemic infarct in the right temporal region. All the patients studied had hypertension. EEG disclosed photomyoclonic response in the proband patient. Muscle biopsy disclosed ragged-red fibers and abnormal mitochondria by electron microscopy. Biochemical analysis showed a defect of cytochrome C oxidase in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle. Several clinical and genetic aspects of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are discussed.