进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)一家系临床与遗传学特征分析

目的 研究一个进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)家系的临床特点、遗传性特征并复习文献.方法 搜集并整理一个进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)家系患者临床表现、辅助检查及影像学资料,分析其临床特点和遗传性特征.结果 该家系呈母系遗传,先证者表现为进行性肌阵挛癫(癎)发作,同时伴有近端肌无力、肌肉萎缩、腱反射减弱.肌电图提示肌源性改变,头颅磁共振提示...     

进行性肌阵挛癫癎7例临床分析

目的:分析进行性肌阵挛癫(PME)的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析7例PME患者病案。结果:①PME于童年或青少年起病。②随病情进展所有患者均有不同程度的智能减退。③癫发作形式:全身性、局灶性或节段性的肌阵挛,无规律、不同步、不对称的;通常合并全身强直阵挛发作或部分性发作。④有小脑、锥体束等神经系统受累症状。结论:PME主要临床表现除癫、肌阵挛和进行性神经功能衰退外,视觉发作也是比较明显的症状,脑电图检查是必不可少的。对某些患者及亲属进行乳酸运动试验有助于本病中线粒体病(MERRF)型的诊断。     

儿童肌阵挛癫(癎)临床和录像脑电图分析

目的:探讨儿童肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿的临床、脑电图(EEG)和治疗特点.方法:对35例肌阵挛癫(癎)患儿的临床表现、录像脑电图(V-EEG)及抗癫(癎)药物的治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果:35例均有肌阵挛发作,以肌阵挛为唯一的发作形式9例,其它26例合并强直阵挛发作、强直发作、部分性发作等发作类型.30例患儿EEG可见全导...     

左乙拉西坦治疗青少年肌阵挛癫(癎)初步探讨

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦(LEV)对青少年肌阵挛性癫(癎)(JME)的疗效.方法:30例JME患者中,男16例,女14例,平均年龄19.63岁,分为两组.LEV治疗组 15例,单用4例,与丙戊酸或(和)氯硝西泮合用11例,治疗剂量500～1 000 mg/d.随访时间2个月至9年,平均19.20个月;其他药物治疗组15例,...     

肌阵挛失神发作1例并文献复习

目的:探讨肌阵挛失神发作的临床症状学、神经电生理学特点及治疗效果.方法:报告1例肌阵挛失神发作的临床表现、脑电图、肌电图特点及治疗效果,并结合文献进行回顾性分析.结果:肌阵挛失神发作临床表现为失神伴双侧节律性肌阵挛,常伴发肢体的强直,脑电图表现为双侧、广泛、节律性3 Hz的棘慢复合波,肌电图则表现为与发作期放电频率一致的肌电暴发.此类患者对药物治疗反应较差,伴有强直发作的患者可行胼胝体切开术,该手术可有效减少强直发作导致的跌倒.结论:肌阵挛失神发作病程多样,大部分患者药物治疗反应差,伴有强直发作的患者可以考虑手术治疗.     

进行性肌阵挛癫痫临床研究(附12例报告)

目的 研究进行性肌阵孪癫痫(progressive myoclonie epilepsies,PMEs)各型的特点和神经病理学特征.方法 对12例患者进行性肌阵挛癫痫患者临床表现、辅助检查和神经病理学结果进行分析.结果 12例患者中有7例患者腋窝皮肤活检发现Lafora小体,1例肌肉活检肌细胞内发现破碎红纤维,4例正常.针对癫痫发作形式选用丙戊酸钠、氯硝西泮治疗.并采用大剂量脑复康24 s/d-32 g/d静脉注射2周,大部分患者肌阵挛明显减轻,共济失调好转.结论 PMEs是一组少见的遗传疾病,如临床怀疑PMEs,除必需的临床电生理检查外,应该行神经、肌肉、皮肤活检协助诊断.     

进行性肌阵挛癫痫7例临床分析

目的：分析进行性肌阵挛癫痫（PME）的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析7例PME患者病案。结果：①PME于童年或青少年起病。②随病情进展所有患者均有不同程度的智能减退。③癫痫发作形式：全身性、局灶性或节段性的肌阵挛，无规律、不同步、不对称的；通常合并全身强直-阵挛发作或部分性发作。④有小脑、锥体束等神经系统受累症状。结论：PME主要临床表现除癫痫、肌阵挛和进行性神经功能衰退外，礼堂发作也是比较明显的症状，脑电图检查是必不可少的。对某些患者及亲属进行乳酸运动试验有助于本病中线粒体病（MERRF）型的诊断。     

脑活检诊断Lafora型进行性肌阵挛癫痫

目的　探讨肌阵挛癫痫的病因及其临床诊断方法。方法　对１ 例临床诊断肌阵挛癫痫的病人在临床资料分析的同时,进行脑活体组织检查及随访,并结合文献进行分析。结果　在活检脑组织的 Ｈ Ｅ、 Ｐ Ａ Ｓ 及 Ａｌｃｉａｎ ｂｌｕｅ 染色中发现 Ｌａｆｏｒａ 小体。结论　脑活检证实了此例肌阵挛癫痫是 Ｌａｆｏｒａ 型进行性肌阵挛癫痫,提示脑活检是目前诊断此病的最有效的方法。     

青少年肌阵挛性癫癎临床特点分析

青少年肌阵挛性癫癎（juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME）是一种常见的特发性全身性癫癎综合征,以肌阵挛发作为突出临床表现,约占全部癫癎患者的5%～10%.我们回顾性分析1995-2005年经我院确诊的87例JME患者临床和脑电图资料,报道如下。     

肌阵挛与肌阵挛癫痫

肌阵挛是中枢神经系统所致突然、短暂、电击状(shock like)不随意运动.肌阵挛癫痫定义尚有争议,目前认为可能是涵盖癫痫的电临床意义,累及下行的神经元,此神经元的扩展或颞叶扩充能扳击为明显的痫性活动.肌阵挛可能是多种癫痫综合征的一部分(如青少年肌阵挛、全面强直-阵挛或进行性肌阵挛癫痫),也可能是单独发作表现(如良性...     

Spinal muscular atrophy and progressive myoclonic epilepsy: one case report and characteristics of the epileptic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are a group of degenerative diseases primarily affecting the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and motor cells of cranial nerve nuclei. Even if the clinical picture is mainly dominated by the diffuse muscular atrophy, in some cases, patients may show associated, atypical clinical features ("SMA plus"). In particular, the association of SMA and progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) has been rarely described. CASE REPORT: We present the clinical and electrophysiological data of a boy with childhood-onset SMA associated with PME and reviewed cases of the literature. CONCLUSION: The association of SMA with PME may constitute a separate and, probably, genetically independent syndrome with unique clinical and electroencephalographic findings or, at least, a variant of a neurodegenerative or metabolic disease, due to yet unknown causes.     

Familial cases of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by maternal somatic mosaicism of a recurrent KCNC1 p.Arg320His mutation

Purpose

A recurrent de novo mutation in KCNC1 (c.959G?>?A, p.Arg320His) has been identified recently as one of the important genetic causes of progress myoclonic epilepsy (PME). The clinical phenotype resulting from this mutation has been named as myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation (MEAK). This finding carries important clinical implications in that autosomal dominant inheritance and de novo occurrence need to be considered when conducting genetic tests in patients with PME. We present two familial cases of MEAK in siblings with a recurrent p.Arg320His mutation in KCNC1.

青少年肌阵挛性癫(癎)的临床特点及误诊原因分析

目的研究青少年肌阵挛性癫痫（JME）的临床特点及导致误诊的主要原因。方法对61例JME患者的临床和脑电图（EEG）资料进行回顾性分析。结果肌阵孪是最常见的首发症状，其次为肌阵挛加全身强直一阵孪发作（GTCS）。导致误诊最常见的原因是医师对肌阵挛发作缺乏认识，其次是临床和EEG的非对称性表现。结论JME的正确诊断依赖于医师对此综合征的深刻了解，EEG只能作为辅助诊断工具。     

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: clinical and EEG features

We aimed to characterize the clinical profile and EEG features of 43 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. In a retrospective design we studied the records of, and re-interviewed, 43 patients diagnosed with JME from the epilepsy clinic data base. Furthermore, available EEGs were re-evaluated. Of the patients 72% were female and 28% male. Average age of onset was 13 (5.5–22) years for absences, 16 (5.2–25) years for myoclonic seizures, and 16 (8–29) years for generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Forty-two percent reported asymmetric or unilateral myoclonic jerks. Commonly reported precipitating factors were sleep deprivation (84%), stress (70%), and alcohol consumption (51%). EEG findings included rapid spike-wave and polyspike-wave.     

Early childhood myoclonic epilepsy: An independent genetic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures as the main seizure type

Objective

To elucidate the characteristics of the myoclonic seizures alone, or predominant myoclonus combined with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and/or absences, in early childhood, and discuss its classification.

Wearable monitoring of positive and negative myoclonus in progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1

ObjectiveTo develop and test wearable monitoring of surface electromyography and motion for detection and quantification of positive and negative myoclonus in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1).MethodsSurface electromyography and three-dimensional acceleration were measured from 23 EPM1 patients from the biceps brachii (BB) of the dominant and the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) of the non-dominant arm for 48 hours. The patients self-reported the degree of myoclonus in a diary once an hour. Severity of myoclonus with action was evaluated by using video-recorded Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS). Correlations of monitored parameters were quantified with the UMRS scores and the self-reported degrees of myoclonus.ResultsThe monitoring-based myoclonus index correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with the UMRS scores (ρ = 0.883 for BB and ρ = 0.823 for EDC) and with the self-reported myoclonus degrees (ρ = 0.483 for BB and ρ = 0.443 for EDC). Ten patients were assessed as probably having negative myoclonus in UMRS, while our algorithm detected that in twelve patients.ConclusionsWearable monitoring was able to detect both positive and negative myoclonus in EPM1 patients.SignificanceOur method is suitable for quantifying objective, real-life treatment effects at home and progression of myoclonus.     

Focal clinical and electroencephalographic features in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Jayalakshmi SS, Srinivasa Rao B, Sailaja S. Focal clinical and electroencephalographic features in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 115–123.
© 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objective – To identify prevalence and factors associated with occurrence of focal clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Materials and methods – Clinical asymmetries in the seizures and focal EEG abnormalities were analyzed in 266 patients with JME. Results – All the patients had myoclonic jerks (MJ) and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS); 56 (21%) had absence seizures. Asymmetry in clinical seizures was reported in 45 (16.9%) and focal EEG abnormalities were noted in 92 (45.5%) patients. Amplitude asymmetry or focal onset of generalized discharges was noted in 41 (44.6%) and independent focal EEG abnormalities in 30 (32.6%) patients. A statistically significant association was seen with the presence of GTCS and MJ (P = 0.007), a family history of epilepsy (P = 0.001) and drug resistance (P = 0.04) and the occurrence of focal EEG abnormalities. Conclusion – Patients with JME showed focal clinical and EEG features. These features should not be misinterpreted as indicative of partial epilepsy.     

Focal semiologic and electroencephalographic features in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

PURPOSE: A few reports have described focal electroencephalographic or clinical features or both of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but without video-EEG documentation. We examined focal clinical and EEG features in patients with JME who underwent video-EEG monitoring. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (nine males and 17 females) who had seizures recorded during video-EEG monitoring were included. Age at seizure onset was 0 to 22 years (mean, 12.3 years), and age at monitoring was 12 to 44 years (mean, 26.5 years). In one patient with left parietooccipital epilepsy, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures developed after resection of the parietal tumor. Two patients had both temporal lobe epilepsy and JME. Videotaped seizures in each patient were analyzed. Interictal and ictal EEG also were analyzed for any focal features. RESULTS: Focal semiologic features were observed in 12 (46%) of 26 patients. Six patients had focal myoclonic seizures, and two had Figure 4 sign: one with version to the left, and another had left version followed by Figure 4 sign, and left arm clonic seizure. Their ictal EEGs were generalized at onset but with a lateralized evolution over the right hemisphere. The patient who had both JME and left parietooccipital epilepsy, right arm clonic seizure, and Figure 4 sign was seen during a generalized EEG seizure. Interictally, one patient had temporal sharp waves, and another had run of spikes in the right frontal region. CONCLUSIONS: Fourteen (54%) of 26 patients with JME exhibited focal semiologic or electroencephalographic features or both. Video-EEG was essential in reaching a correct diagnosis and choosing an appropriate antiepileptic drug regimen.