Impact of delay in door-to-needle time on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Fibrinolytic therapy is the most common reperfusion strategy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), particularly in smaller centers. Previous studies evaluated the relation between time to treatment and outcomes when few patients were treated within 30 minutes of hospital arrival and many did not receive modern adjunctive medications. To quantify the impact of a delay in door-to-needle time on mortality in a recent and representative cohort of patients with STEMI, a cohort of 62,470 patients with STEMI treated using fibrinolytic therapy at 973 hospitals that participated in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1999 to 2002 was analyzed. Hierarchical models were used to evaluate the independent effect of door-to-needle time on in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality was lower with shorter door-to-needle times (2.9% for < or =30 minutes, 4.1% for 31 to 45 minutes, and 6.2% for >45 minutes; p <0.001 for trend). Compared with those experiencing door-to-needle times < or =30 minutes, adjusted odd ratios (ORs) of dying were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.31) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.52; p for trend <0.001) for patients with door-to-needle times of 31 to 45 and >45 minutes, respectively. This relation was particularly pronounced in those presenting within 1 hour of symptom onset to presentation time (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.54; OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.87, respectively; p for trend <0.001). In conclusion, timely administration of fibrinolytic therapy continues to significantly impact on mortality in the modern era, particularly in patients presenting early after symptom onset.     

Primary angioplasty in acute coronary syndromes with ST-segment elevation: experience of three Alsacian centers

The guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, published in 2003, consider primary angioplasty as the preferred treatment strategy in acute coronary syndromes with ST-segment elevation, if the procedure can be performed within 90 min after first medical contact. We report the experience of three Alsacian centers running a common prospective registry with 2504 consecutive patients enroled between January 1999 and December 2004. The average age of the patients was 62 years with a proportion of 24% women. The time delay "pain to admission" was > or =3 hours in 55.9% of the cases. The treatment delay "door to catheterisation needle" was 59 min and the mean delay "door-to-reperfusion" was 79 min. The study population was representative of the real world including subsets of patients with a particulary high risk profile: age > or =70 years in 33%, a Killip grade > or =3 in 11.5%, rescucitated sudden death in 6.6% and cardiogenic shock in 10.9% of the patients respectively. The immediate procedural success rate (Timi 3 flow) in the treated coronary artery was 96.5%. The overall inhospital mortality-rate was 9.3%. The combinations of rescucitated sudden death--cardiogenic shock or age > or =75 years--cardiogenic shock were associated with a poor clinical outcome and mortality rates of 69% and 72.6% respectively, where as in the absence of abovementioned clinical high risk settings, the mortality rate was as low as 1.4%. The overall bleeding complication rate was 1.4%. The policy of systematic primary angioplasty in acute coronary syndromes with ST-Segment elevation appears to be coherent. The procedural complications and the in-hospital mortality rates were low, except in the presence of above mentioned clinical high risk settings.     

Impact of ST-segment depression resolution on mortality after successful mechanical reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the additional prognostic effect of ST-depression resolution in 610 patients who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction and underwent successful primary angioplasty (postprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 3 flow and complete resolution of ST-segment elevation). Incomplete resolution of ST-segment depression (<70%) was observed in 50 patients (8.2%). These patients were older, had a higher Killip's class at presentation, had larger infarcts, and had an increased 1-year mortality (10% vs 2%, p = 0.0004). At multivariate analysis, incomplete resolution of ST-segment depression was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (p = 0.028).     

Symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and one-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Despite the prognostic implications demonstrated in patients with STEMI treated with thrombolysis, the impact of time-delay on prognosis in patients undergoing primary angioplasty has yet to be established. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 1,791 patients with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty from 1994 to 2001. All clinical, angiographic and follow-up data were collected. Subanalyses were conducted according to patient risk profile at presentation and preprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients (5.8%) had died at one year. Symptom-onset-to-balloon time was significantly associated with the rate of postprocedural TIMI 3 flow (p = 0.012), myocardial blush grade (p = 0.033), and one-year mortality (p = 0.02). A stronger linear association between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and one-year mortality was observed in non-low-risk patients (p = 0.006) and those with preprocedural TIMI flow 0 to 1 (p = 0.013). No relationship was found between door-to-balloon time and mortality. At multivariate analysis, a symptom-onset-to-balloon time >4 h was identified as an independent predictor of one-year mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, in patients with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty, symptom-onset-to-balloon time, but not door-to-balloon time, is related to mortality, particularly in non-low-risk patients and in the absence of preprocedural anterograde flow. Furthermore, a symptom-onset-to-balloon time >4 h was identified as independent predictor of one-year mortality.     

国产氯吡格雷对非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征的疗效

目的 观察氯吡格雷国产制剂泰嘉对治疗非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronarysy ndrome,ACS）的疗效。方法 非ST段抬高ACS180例,分为3组,每组各60例,对照组用常规方法治疗;泰嘉组,加用氯吡格雷国产制剂泰嘉;波立维组,加用氯吡格雷进口制剂波立维。观察胸痛消失率、心电图变化、恶性心律失常发生率及随访1年内恶性心脏事件发生率。结果 两组使用氯吡格雷病人疗效均明显优于对照组（P﹤0.05）,临床胸痛消失率、心电图改善情况及1年内心脏事件差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 氯吡格雷国产制剂对非ST段抬高ACS有效。     

Ageing, impaired myocardial perfusion, and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty.

AIMS: It is still unknown whether impaired myocardial perfusion helps to explain the higher mortality observed with ageing in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1548 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with primary angioplasty, myocardial perfusion was evaluated by myocardial blush grade (MBG) and ST-segment resolution. All clinical and follow-up data were prospectively collected. Advanced age was associated with a significantly higher clinical and angiographic risk profile. We found a linear relationship between increasing age, decreased myocardial perfusion, and higher 1-year mortality. After adjustment for baseline potential confounding variables, increased age was still significantly associated with impaired myocardial blush (MBG 0-1) (P=0.028), and ST-segment resolution (<50%) (P=0.007). At multivariable analysis both age (P<0.0001) and poor myocardial perfusion (P<0.0001) were independent predictors of 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION: This study shows that impaired reperfusion is an additional determinant of the poor outcome observed with advanced age in patients with STEMI undergoing mechanical revascularization.     

Relation of interhospital delay and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary coronary angioplasty

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of interhospital delay on mortality in 616 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary angioplasty to our hospital. Longer interhospital delay was associated with impaired perfusion, larger infarct size, and higher 1-year mortality (adjusted RR 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.12; p = 0.019). These results suggest that in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary angioplasty, all efforts should be made to reduce time to treatment.     

Impact of beta-blocker therapy at discharge on long-term mortality after primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

This study analyzed the effect of beta-blocker therapy at discharge on 1-year mortality rate in a large, unselected cohort of patients who had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction that was treated by primary angioplasty. Our population is represented by 1,513 patients. At 1-year follow-up, beta blockers at discharge were associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate (2.9% vs 8.5%, RR 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18 to 0.59, p <0.0001), particularly in patients who had anterior wall infarction (3.9% vs 13.4%, RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.54, p <0.0001), whereas nonsignificant benefits were observed in patients who had nonanterior wall infarction (2.0% vs 3.3%, RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.07, p = NS). Benefits in terms of mortality rate that were conferred by beta blockers were confirmed at multivariate analysis that was restricted to patients who had anterior wall infarction (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.86, p = 0.022).     

Antithrombotic treatments in acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST-segment elevation

Pharmacological treatment is essential to limit myocardial damages of occluding thrombus feature of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST-segment elevation. Thanks to its ease of use, it will always come first and accompany a mechanical treatment that will complement its action. Research has been very active in the last few years allowing the development of new agents, mostly oral antiplatelets and intravenous or subcutaneous antithrombins. Physicians implied in strategies of reperfusion have a responsibility to choose the most suitable combination therapy taking into account delays in care, kind of reperfusion and the patient himself. The highest level of recommendation indicative of a perfect agreement of the experts is rare in this area. Therefore, guidance is needed to help physicians. Admittedly the latest European recommendations merit of having taken positions often clear when several molecules are available in the same indication. They also underline the arrival, unexpected a few years ago, of oral treatment with rapid onset and efficacy perfectly suited to start an emergency antithrombotic treatment in acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST-segment elevation. Nevertheless, progress in terms of clinical efficacy is often modest, requiring a concomitant evaluation of each new molecule's safety, particularly the risks of bleeding.     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗再灌注时间对ST段回落的影响

目的探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗中症状发作-球囊扩张时间(symptom-onset-to-balloon,SOTB)对再灌注后心电图ST段的回落、住院期间左心室射血分数、6个月内总的主要心血管事件(包括心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、因心血管事件再入院、心力衰竭和死亡等)发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2006年7月于北京大学深圳医院行直接PCI治疗的ST段抬高性心肌梗死(ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者225例的基线资料、心电图资料以及随访资料,比较不同时间SOTB(>3 h及≤3 h)术前、术后1 h ST段抬高总和恢复百分比(sumSTR)%、住院期间超声心动图所测的左心室射血分数、随访6个月的主要心血管事件发生率。结果SOTB≤3 h组PCI治疗后1 h ST段完全回落≥70%的患者比例明显高于SOTB>3 h组,差异有统计学意义(57.4%vs.43.2%,P=0.005);住院期间左心室射血分数高于SOTB>3 h组,差异有统计学意义(57.69%±7.64%vs.53.80%±9.03%,P=0.014);6个月主要心血管事件发生率低与SOTB>3 h组,差异有统计学意义(14.9%vs.35.4%,P=0.001)。结论 STEMI患者PCI治疗中SOTB短,ST段回落就迅速而完全,住院期间的左心室射血分数高,6个月主要心血管事件发生率低。     

糖耐量低减的老年非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征临床分析

目的:探讨糖耐量低减(IGT)的老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)非ST段抬高病人临床特点。方法:96例ACS患者根据血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)被分为:糖尿病(DM)组(32例).糖耐量减低(IGT)组(32例)和糖耐量正常(NGT)组(32例)。所有病人检测血糖,血脂,心电图和作冠状动脉(冠脉)造影,并进行各组间相互比较。结果:DM组和IGT组的血糖、甘油三酯水平比NGT组高(P<0.05～<0.01),而。DM组的血糖水平比IGT组升高更为明显(P<0.05～<0.01)。DM组和IGT组的心电图缺血和冠状动脉造影显示的狭窄比NGT 组重。P<0.01。结论:IGT组和DM组的血脂代谢异常,心肌缺血和血管狭窄程度均明显较NGT组重。故对IGT 的老年病人应警惕冠心病病变。