钼、锌对克山病心肌坏死的保护作用——钼、锌对缺氧性心肌损伤血浆cGMP血清Mg~(++)Ca~(++)含量变化的实验研究

本实验在分别饲以基础饲料,基础饲料加钼、加锌、加钼锌的基础上.用NaNO_2造成大鼠缺氧性心肌损伤,并与空白对照组进行对照。采用放射免疫法和原子吸收分光光度计测定各组大鼠血浆cGMP.血清Mg~(++)、Ca~(++)含量。结果表明基础饲料中加钼、加锌、加钼锌组较饲用基础饲料组大鼠血浆cGMP含量为低,血清Mg~(++)含量为高差异显著,其中基础饲料加钼锌组差异更为显著。分析其发生机理.说明了钼、锌对克山病心肌坏死具有保护作用,钼锌联合作用效果更为显著。     

心律失常的起搏治疗

为探讨永久性人工心脏起搏器及埋藏式心内自动除颤器(ICD)纠治重症缓慢性及快速性心律失常的临床疗效、心律失常类型与起搏模式的关系,对我院植入永久性人工心脏起搏器及ICD的102例患者进行回顾性分析.结果53例病态窦房结综合征患者植入DDD或VVI,48例房室传导阻滞植入DDD、VDDR或VVI,1例室性心动过速、心室颤动、反复心脏停搏患者植入ICD后临床症状均明显改善或消失.提示植入合适的永久性人工心脏起搏器及ICD,对重症缓慢性心律失常及致死性快速性心律失常能起到良好治疗作用.     

支气管色素沉着纤维化的临床特征研究

目的:研究支气管色素沉着纤维化(BAF)患者的临床特征。方法:选取经电子支气管镜检查确诊的支气管色素沉着纤维化病例70例,回顾性分析、总结其肺部高分辨CT、支气管镜镜检、刷检细胞学及活检病理等改变。其中有53例进行了肺功能检查,将其设为实验组,另随机抽取53例非BAF患者为对照组行肺功能检查,比较2组间第1秒钟用力呼气量(FEV_1%)、用力肺活量(FVC%)、第1秒率(FEV_1/FVC%)的不同。结果:支气管镜镜检示管腔扭曲、变形20例,闭塞20例,裂隙样狭窄17例,环形狭窄3例;管腔黏膜类肿瘤样增生3例,肥厚、水肿39例,肉芽肿样改变2例,丘状隆起8例,瘢痕样改变8例、坏死物5例,干酪样坏死物7例;管腔狭窄:左主支气管2例,右主支气管1例;左肺上叶支气管(8例),右肺中叶支气管(22例)及上叶支气管(14例);左、右肺上叶尖后段支气管狭窄多见;其中多叶段管腔狭窄16例。肺部高分辩CT(HRCT):肺间质改变15例,胸腔积液12例,胸膜增厚、粘连10例。肺结核25例,右肺中叶不张27例,右肺上叶不张5例,左肺上叶狭窄并肺不张18例,右肺下叶肺不张2例,左肺上叶上支狭窄1例,增殖、纤维化改变38例,肺部小结节影12例,陈旧性肺结核9例,斑片状阴影4例;纵膈淋巴结增大并钙化20例,肺门淋巴结增大并钙化10例,肺门淋巴结增大10例;BAF组FEV_1%、FVC%、FEV_1/FVC%均低于正常参考值;BAF组FEV_1%、FVC%、FEV_1/FVC%均低于非BAF组(P0.01或P0.05)。慢性黏膜炎20例,玻璃样变2例,尘细胞沉积1例,碳末沉积3例,纤维素渗出4例,间质纤维组织增生4例,干酪样坏死4例,局灶上皮鳞化3例,淀粉样变性1例;T-spot T.B试验阳性20例,PPD试验阳性16例。结论:BAF的支气管镜镜检、病理改变、肺部高分辨CT、肺功能都具有一定特征性改变,与肺结核、慢性阻塞性肺疾病有相关性。     

Dual infections of the central nervous system with Epstein-Barr virus

We describe clinical and laboratory characteristics of 16 patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and another pathogen. Seven of 10 immunocompromised patients had coinfection with viruses (3 with cytomegalovirus, 2 with JC virus, and 2 with varicella zoster virus) and 3 with nonviral pathogens (2 with pneumococcus and 1 with Cryptococcus species). Three of 6 immunocompetent patients had coinfections with viruses (1 each with herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and West Nile virus), and 3 had coinfections with nonviral pathogens (2 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and 1 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae). The EBV load was similar in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients and in patients with viral and nonviral coinfections. EBV lytic-cycle mRNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 5 of 6 tested samples, indicating EBV replication in the CNS during coinfection.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者血浆内皮素1、血管性假血友病因子及血栓调节蛋白的水平研究

目的 研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)及OSAHS合并高血压血浆内皮素1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、血栓调节蛋白(thrombomodulin,TM)、血管性假血友病因子(yon Willebrand factor,vWF)的变化.方法 检测OSAHS、OSAHS合并高血压患者血浆ET-1、TM、vWF含量并与睡眠呼吸监测指标进行相关性分析.结果 单纯OSAHS、OSAHS合并高血压患者与对照组比较,ET-1、TM及vWF水平升高,并与两者病情严重程度有相关性;ET-1、TM、vWF水平的升高在OSAHS合并高血压患者组更明显.结论 OSAHS及OSAHS合并高血压患者均存在血管内皮损伤,内皮功能损伤在OSAHS合并高血压患者中更为明显.血管内皮损伤在OSAHS合并高血压的发病中有重要的作用.     

Identification of Potential Regulatory Regions in the Renin Gene

Circadian blood pressure (BP) variation were studied in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Ambulatory BP (ABP) was monitored every 5 min for 24 hrs in a ward setting in 23 patients with PA and 17 patients with RVH (13 patients with unilateral renal arterial stenosis and 4 with bilateral stenosis). In patients with RVH, ABP was monitored before and after treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was high before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in almost all patients with RVH and low in those with PA. Ordinary circadian BP variation, i.e. nocturnal fall and diurnal rise in BP, was confirmed in the patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty successfully normalized both BP and PRA in those with RVH. Normal circadian BP variation was observed in those with RVH before the treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as well as during treatment with the former and after treatment with the latter. Circadian BP variation in the patients with RVH was affected by the pathogenesis of renal artery stenosis alone, i.e, fibromuscular hyperplasia and atherosclerosis; with fibromuscular hyperplasia normal circadian BP variation was observed, while with atherosclerosis, nocturnal BP fall was restricted or eliminated. Circadian BP variation in those with PA before and after excision of adrenal adenoma was essentially similar to that in normal subjects and essential hypertensive patients. From these it seems that in patients with RVH or PA, circadian BP variation is not affected by hypertension per se or by pathogenesis of hypertension.     

血常规和尿常规在早期诊断流行性出血热患者中的应用有效性评价

目的研究血常规和尿常规指标在流行性出血热的早期诊断中的作用。方法选择62例流行性出血热患者作为观察对象,进行血常规和尿常规检测,观察流行性出血热早期主要指标情况。结果 62例患者中,白细胞正常3例,占4.8%;偏低1例,占1.6%;偏高58例,占93.5%。中性粒细胞正常15例,占24.1%;偏低6例,占9.6%;偏高41例,占66.1%。淋巴细胞正常18例,占29.0%,偏低31例,占50%,偏高13例,占20.9%,血小板正常1例,占1.6%;偏低61例,占98.3%;偏高0例。结论白细胞数量骤增,血小板数量下降和蛋白尿可以作为流行性出血热早期诊断的主要依据。     

Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Subclinical gut inflammation has been described in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Joint involvement has also been reported related to celiac disease. We investigated IgA antibodies to bovine tissue tranglutaminase (tTg) and IgA and IgG antibodies to human tTg and to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) in patients with AS and PsA. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of IgA antibodies to bovine tTg, and of IgA and IgG antibodies to human tTg and to ASCA in 43 patients with AS and 75 with PsA. As control groups we considered 79 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 78 healthy blood donors. RESULTS: We detected antibodies as follows: IgA antibodies to bovine tTg in 1/43 patients with AS, 3/75 with PsA, 1/79 with RA, and in 9/78 healthy controls; IgA antibodies to human tTg in 1/43 patients with AS, 1/75 with PsA, 1/79 with RA, and in 3/78 healthy controls; IgG antibodies to human tTg in 1/43 patients with AS, 4/75 with PsA, 5/79 with RA, and in 7/78 healthy controls. IgA ASCA were confirmed in 10/43 patients with AS, 7/75 with PsA, 14/79 with RA, and in 7/78 healthy controls; IgG ASCA were present in 5/43 patients with AS, 4/75 with PsA, 8/79 with RA, and in 8/78 healthy controls. No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of IgA or IgG antibodies to bovine and human tTg and in the frequency and in mean level of IgA or IgG ASCA between the studied groups or between each group and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Our data fail to show an increased prevalence of autoantibodies associated with celiac and Crohn's disease in patients with AS and PsA.     

以肾损伤表现首诊的肾外恶性肿瘤19例分析

目的：提高对恶性肿瘤肾损害表现的认识和早期诊断水平。方法：回顾性总结以肾损伤为首发表现的肾外恶性肿瘤病例19例,其中表现为蛋白尿9例,血尿3例,急性肾衰竭3例,慢性肾衰竭3例,肾小管间质损害1例。结果：多发性骨髓瘤5例,恶性淋巴瘤4例,卵巢恶性肿瘤3例,原发性腹膜后肿瘤3例,原发性肝癌1例,肺癌1例,急性粒细胞白血病1例,盆腔恶性神经鞘瘤1例。结论：部分恶性肿瘤可以肾损害为首发临床表现,应提高警惕,防止漏诊。     

Noninvasive diagnosis of the state of lower extremities arterial vascular bed in patients with diabetes of type 2

Complex noninvasive investigation of arterial vascular bed and microcirculation of lower extremities was carried out in 87 patients with diabetes and 47 patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of lower extremities without diabetes. Color duplex scanning allowed to detect occlusive-stenotic and nonocclusive changes of arterial vascular bed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Calcinated atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes more often localize in superficial femoral, popliteal arteries and arteries of the calf. Such plaques are twice as frequent among patients with atherosclerosis obliterans with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. Laser Doppler flowmetry with test of reactive postocclusion hyperemia and positional test in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans and type 2 diabetes allows to reveal more pronounced disturbances of microcirculation compared with patients without diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes with hemodynamically insignificant stenoses of arteries of lower extremities laser doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous measurement of oxygen tension in skin of a foot reveal disturbances of microcirculation.     

The 200- and 150-kDa neurofilament proteins react with IgG autoantibodies from patients with kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and other neurologic diseases.

Sera from 65 patients with spongiform virus encephalopathies (29 with kuru, 36 with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), 79 with other neurologic diseases, and 65 control subjects were examined for reactivity in immunoblots of preparations of myelinated axons and neurofilaments from mouse brain. The sera reacted most frequently with the 200-kDa and 150-kDa neurofilament proteins and less frequently with the 70-kDa neurofilament protein and a 62-kDa neurofilament-associated protein. The sera reacted with the same proteins as those which reacted with rabbit and mouse polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody to neurofilament proteins. Serum reactions were also seen with Trixon X-100 extracts of chimpanzee brain and bovine spinal cord but not with Triton extracts of liver, kidney, and muscle.     

肥胖症患者和新诊断的2型糖尿病患者真胰岛素和前胰岛素的改变

目的 了解真胰岛素（ｔｒｕｅ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ，ＴＩ）和前胰岛素（ｐｒｏｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ，ＰＩ）在肥胖症和２型糖尿病患者中的改变，了解免疫活性胰岛素（ｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ，ＩＲＩ）能否准确反映ＴＩ。方法 ３３例糖耐量正常（ＮＧＴ），２４例糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）和５３例新诊断的２型糖尿病患者行口服葡萄糖耐量实验，并根据体重指数（ＢＭＩ）分为肥胖和非肥胖组；采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法（其单克     

Possible role of PGD_2 in malaria infections

Objective:To preliminarily investigate the possible role of prostaglandin D_2(PGD_2) in malaria infections.Methods:Blood and urinary samples(n=120 each) were collected from Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum) with moderate(n=26) and high(n=4) parasitemia,patients with Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax)(n=30),patients with fever associated with other infections(n=30),and healthy subjects(n=30).PGD_2 concentrations in plasma and urinary samples of healthy subjects,patients with fever associated with other infections and patients with malaria were determined using Prostaglandin D2-MOX express EIA kit(Cayman Chemical,USA).Results:The possible association between PGD_2 and malaria infections is clearly demonstrated with PGD_2 concentration in urine.The urinary PGD_2 concentrations were relatively high(about 5-fold) in patients with P.falciparum with moderate parasitemia and P.vivax infections compared with other groups.Furthermore,the concentration in patients with P.falciparum with moderate parasitemia and P.vivax infection were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects and patients with fever associated with other infections.Conclusions:Urinary PGD_2 concentrations may offer a more dependable and useful tool for predicting malaria severity.Confirmation is this preliminary finding is required with a larger sample size.     

Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy biliary leakage

BACKGROUND: Biliary leak is an uncommon but significant complication following cholecystectomy. Endotherapy is an established method of treatment. However, the optimal intervention is not known. METHOD: Eighty-five patients with postcholecystectomy biliary leaks from July 2000 to March 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The study population was 20 males and 65 females with a mean age of 42.47 years. Patients presented with abdominal pain (46), jaundice (23), fever (23), abdominal distension (42), or bilious abdominal drain (67). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography detected a leak at the cystic duct stump in 45 patients, stricture with middle common bile duct leak in 4, leak from the right hepatic duct in 3, and a ligated common bile duct in 32. Twelve also had bile duct stones. One had a broken T-tube with stones Endotherapy was possible in 53 patients. Three patients with stones, one with a broken T-tube with stones, and 4 with stricture of the common bile duct with a leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stenting. Eight patients with a cystic duct stump leak with stones were managed with sphincterotomy and stone extraction. Three outpatients and 12 inpatients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stent and sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drain, respectively. Five patients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with stenting. Sixteen with coagulopathy were managed with only nasobiliary drain (9) or stent (7). Leak closure was achieved in 100% patients Four developed mild pancreatitis which improved with conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic intervention is a safe and effective method of treatment of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks. However, management should be individualized based on factors such as outpatients or inpatients, presence of stone, stricture, ligature, or coagulopathy.     

The liver in collagen diseases: pathologic study of 160 cases with particular reference to hepatic arteritis, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Among patients with collagen diseases, liver enzyme abnormalities are a relatively common phenomenon. To establish the liver pathology in collagen diseases, detailed pathologic studies were performed on the hepatic diseases in many patients, including various kinds of collagen diseases. METHODS: The livers from 160 patients (120 autopsy and 40 liver biopsy patients) were examined pathologically: 73 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 32 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 18 with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM and DM), 15 with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 11 with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and 11 with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). RESULTS: Liver diseases were divided into three groups: hepatic arteritis, liver diseases associated with collagen diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis, PBC; autoimmune hepatitis, AIH; nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, NRH) and other liver diseases. Hepatic arteritis presenting the features of the PAN type of necrotizing arteritis was found in 27 autopsy patients. The incidence of arteritis in autopsy patients was 100% in PAN and 8.3-25% in other collagen diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis was observed in 9 patients, 7 of whom (3 with SSc, 2 with RA, 1 with PM and DM, and 1 with MCTD) had antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-positive PBC, and 2 SLE patients had AMA-negative PBC. Three patients (2 with SLE and 1 with MCTD) were diagnosed clinicopathologically as having AIH. However, 3 patients (1 with SLE, 1 with MCTD and 1 with PM and DM) with clinical, biochemical and serologic data indicating probable AIH were excluded from the group with AIH association because of the liver histology (no characteristic features of AIH) and clinical course. These results indicated that data without histologic assessments of the liver are not adequate for diagnosing AIH in collagen diseases. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver was observed in 7 patients (5 with SLE, 1 with SSc and 1 with PAN). CONCLUSION: The present study offers data that are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with collagen diseases and liver abnormalities.     

Liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis and Sj?gren's syndrome. Prospective study using biochemical and serological markers of hepatic dysfunction.

Inter-relationships of biochemical and immunological tests of liver function have been studied in a prospective study of 216 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 32 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and 27 patients with the sicca syndrome, and these results have been compared with those obtained 289 patients with osteoarthrosis or with a form of seronegative polyarthropathy. In general the prevalence of abnormalities in serum alkaline phosphatase, bromsulphthalein excretion, smooth muscle antibody, and mitochondrial antibody in the former three groups was higher than in patients with osteoarthrosis. Patients with Sjogren's syndrome with RA had a higher prevalence of abnormalities of bromsulphthalein excretion, salivary duct antibody than patients with the sicca syndrome. Patients with RA had a higher pervalence of rheumatoid factor than those with the sicca syndrome. Patients with a positive smooth muscle or mitochondrial antibody were found to have a higher prevalence of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, of abnormal liver function tests, of other autoantibodies, and of histological abnromalitis of liver than those in whom these tests were negative.     

Esophageal dysfunction in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue diseases

Esophageal motility was studied in 37 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 12 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and 40 controls by the manometry method, using an open tube and continuous perfusion, and by radiological examination. Radiology was normal in 17 patients with PSS and five patients with MCTD, and abnormal in 15 patients with PSS and three with MCTD. The most frequent abnormality was slow transit time of barium. Manometry of the esophageal body was normal in 20 patients with PSS and six patients with MCTD, and abnormal in 17 patients with PSS and six with MCTD. Lack of contraction in the middle lower segments of the esophagus was the abnormality most frequently observed. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was significantly lower among patients with PSS and MCTD than among the controls. Dysphagia was reported by ten patients with PSS and by six patients with MCTD. Radiology and manometry showed similar changes in PSS and MCTD, but dysphagia was more frequent among patients with MCTD.     

富碘环境下老年甲状腺恶性肿瘤临床病理特点

目的总结最近12年老年甲状腺恶性肿瘤的发病情况、临床病理特点和诊治经验。方法回顾性分析1999年—2010年复旦大学附属华东医院收治65岁及以上甲状腺恶性肿瘤手术患者的临床病理资料。结果53例患者,平均年龄（70．1±4．3）岁,男女比为1：1．65。甲状腺乳头状癌43例,乳头-滤泡状癌1例,滤泡状癌1例,髓样癌1例,低分化癌3例,未分化癌1例,淋巴瘤2例,甲状腺血管性肉瘤1例。颈淋巴结转移9例,侵犯甲状腺外脂肪肌肉组织6例,侵犯喉返神经2例,侵犯食管1例,侵犯气管1例。双侧癌7例,多灶癌11例。甲状腺癌TNM分期：Ⅰ期29例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期5例,Ⅳ期10例。结论富碘环境下老年甲状腺癌发病、临床病理特点有新的变化,应根据患者的不同情况采取相应合理的治疗方法。老年人通常可耐受各种甲状腺手术。     

术后腹腔化疗对老年结直肠癌患者生存质量的影响

目的评价老年结直肠癌患者手术后腹腔化疗对生存质量的影响。方法调查1998年1月至2002年12月期间52例60岁以上进行术后腹腔化疗的患者的生存质量GLQI指数,并与同期、同年龄段44例静脉化疗患者和40名健康老年对照组进行比较。所有病人于术前和术后6个月期间调查患者的生存质量。结果老年结直肠癌患者手术前的生存质量GLQI指数明显低于正常老年人群(P<0.05)。而两组患者手术前的生存质量GLQI指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。腹腔化疗组患者手术后6个月期间的生存质量GLQI指数高于静脉化疗组患者,其差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔化疗组患者手术后3月、4月、5月和6月的生存质量GLQI指数与正常老年人群无显著差异(P>0.05);而静脉化疗组患者手术后3月、4月、5月和6月的生存质量GLQI指数仍低于正常老年人群(P<0.05)。结论针对老年结直肠癌患者的生理特点,手术后采用腹腔化疗,不仅有利于提高手术后的生存期;而且有助于提高患者的生存质量,是老年结直肠癌患者手术后首选的理想化疗方式。     

Characteristics of female sexually transmitted disease clinic clients who report same-sex behaviour

Female STD clinic clients were categorized by report of sex partners' gender in the preceding 2 months and characterized with respect to HIV risk and STD diagnosis. Among 18,585 visits, 290 women (1.5%) reported sex exclusively with women, and 841 (4.5%) reported sex with both men and women. Relative to women reporting sex only with men, those reporting sex with both men and women reported more recent partners, sex with partners at high risk for HIV, injection drug and crack cocaine use, and exchange of sex for drugs or money. Women reporting sex exclusively with women more frequently reported prior sex with a bisexual man or an HIV-infected partner. Female STD clinic clients who report sex with both men and women may be at increased HIV risk relative to women reporting sex exclusively with men, and women who report sex only with women may be more likely to have had sex with men at high risk for HIV infection.