Calcified cerebral emboli

Intracranial calcifications may represent calcified cerebral emboli. Calcified emboli may be overlooked even though cerebral CT is widely used as a stroke assessment. We report 4 cases of calcified cerebral emboli and demonstrate the value of CT in the diagnosis and temporal evaluation of such emboli.     

Calcified nodal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Calcification within cervical lymph nodes is relatively rare, and most commonly ascribed to benign inflammatory or infectious processes. We present a case of a calcified submandibular nodal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and review the current published literature on nodal calcifications in the neck. To the authors' knowledge, calcification resulting from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has been described only once previously.     

脑及脑膜转移瘤的MRI

随着MR的广泛应用，特别是MR增强扫描，极大地提高了脑及脑膜转移瘤的显示能力，但是明确诊断仍是影像诊断面临的重要课题。本文搜集临床及MR资料完整的经手术、病理证实的脑转移瘤33例，进行回顾性分析，以提高脑转移瘤的MR诊断水平。     

MRI诊断脑转移瘤的价值

目的 探讨MRI诊断脑转移瘤的价值。方法 分析36例脑转移瘤患的临床及MRI资料，全部病例均行非增强及增强MRI检查。结果 多发颅脑转移瘤29例，其中3例为弥漫性脑转移瘤。单发脑转移瘤7例。脑转移瘤发生在幕上21例，幕下4例，幕上及幕下均有11例。4例伴有邻近脑膜受累。非增强MRI病灶上多数为长T1长T2信号，增强MRI上病灶均有强化，以环状强化为多见。增强MRI比非增强MRI发现转移瘤病灶将近高1倍。结论 增强扫描是MRI诊断脑转移瘤所必须的。结合临床病史和MRI特征，对大多数病例可做出准确诊断。     

Calcified bronchopulmonary sequestration

An unusual case of calcified sequestration in a 76year-old female is presented.     

Calcified adrenal masses

We reviewed 106 cases of adrenal masses of all types in all age groups. Thirty-three contained calcium visible on radiographs, sonography, or computed tomography (CT). Neuroblastoma was the most common calcified adrenal mass (10 cases), and occurred only in children. Adrenal cyst (6 cases) was the most common calcified adrenal mass in adults. Other calcified adrenal masses included 5 cortical adenomas, 4 adrenal carcinomas, 3 cases of adrenal hemorrhage, 2 adrenal metastases, 2 pheochromocytomas, and 1 histoplasmoma. Calcification within an adrenal mass is therefore nonspecific. All the adrenal cysts had a characteristic radiographic pattern, showing only peripheral curvilinear calcification. The presence and pattern of calcium in an adrenal mass must be correlated with other imaging features (e.g., size, homogeneity, enhancement pattern, margination) to allow correct differential diagnosis. This can best be done by CT.     

Calcified adrenal masses

We reviewed 106 cases of adrenal masses of all types in all age groups. Thirty-three contained calcium visible on radiographs, sonography, or computed tomography (CT). Neuroblastoma was the most common calcified adrenal mass (10 cases), and occurred only in children. Adrenal cyst (6 cases) was the most common calcified adrenal mass in adults. Other calcified adrenal masses included 5 cortical adenomas, 4 adrenal carcinomas, 3 cases of adrenal hemorrhage, 2 adrenal metastases, 2 pheochromocytomas, and 1 histoplasmoma. Calcification within an adrenal mass is therefore nonspecific. All the adrenal cysts had a characteristic radiographic pattern, showing only peripheral curvilinear calcification. The presence and pattern of calcium in an adrenal mass must be correlated with other imaging features (e.g., size, homogeneity, enhancement pattern, margination) to allow correct differential diagnosis. This can best be done by CT.     

Calcified endobronchial leiomyoma

We report a case of calcified endobronchial leiomyoma in the left main bronchus. Leiomyoma of the airways is a rare benign tumour, usually described as a solitary lesion and located in the membranous portion of the lower third of the trachea and rarely in the bronchi. Chest CT showed a well-defined, calcified, polypoid endobronchial mass with a broad stalk in the left main bronchus.     

Calcified intralobar pulmonary sequestration

The radiologic features of intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILPS) have been described and include the identification of a feeding systemic artery on computerized tomography. Radiographically demonstrated calcification is rare and has been described only three times. We describe a patient with an ILPS whose radiographic findings were unusual for two reasons. First, while computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tubular structure, it did not enhance with contrast material and thus was not considered to be a feeding vessel. Pathological examination revealed that this vessel had undergone thrombosis with subsequent organization and calcification. This finding also explains the second unusual feature, calcification, seen both on a plain chest radiograph and CT.