直流电刺激下组织培养液的电化学反应

直流电刺激的方法在促进骨折愈合，神经纤维生长，感染性创伤治疗等方面，已得到广泛的应用。基础研究中往往通过观察直流电流对体外培养细胞生长分化和代谢的影响，来探讨其作用机制。本实验的重点是了解直流电刺激下组织培养液的电化学反应。实验中用自制ＭＣＤＣ－１型直流电刺激仪，选择临床常用电流强度，观察到组织培养液阻抗值随刺激时间呈指数曲增加。阴极极化曲线分析显示，刺激电流密度小于８５μＡ／ｃｍ＾２时，培养液内     

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白在体外刺激T细胞增殖和释放细胞因子

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白作为一种免疫抑制剂在预防器官和多植的排斥反应和治疗严重的再生障碍性贫血中有确切的作用。本工作在体外研究了抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ＡＴＧ）／ＰＨＡ刺激人ＰＢＭＣ的增殖和释放细胞因子。结果为（１）＾３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶掺入试验表明ＡＴＧ与ＰＨＡ一样具有强的促有丝分裂活性。（２）ＡＴＨ刺激的Ｔ细胞是以辅助Ｔ细胞为主（ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８〉１），在同样的条件下ＰＨＡ刺激Ｔ细胞ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８的比值小１。（３）     

IFNγ对U937细胞C1抑制物合成调控作用的研究

为研究ＩＦＮγ对Ｃ１抑制物（Ｃ１ＩＮＨ）合成的调控作用，采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双夹心法检测了经不同剂量ＩＦＮγ刺激后Ｕ９３７细胞培养上清中Ｃ１ＩＮＨ的含量。结果表明：经ＰＭＡ预先作用７２ｈ后的Ｕ９３７细胞本身能合成微量Ｃ１ＩＮＨ，但在培养第２天后才能检测到。加入ＩＦＮγ作用后，细胞Ｃ１ＩＮＨ合成增加，培养第１天即可测得。说明ＩＦＮγ对Ｕ９３７细胞Ｃ１ＩＮＨ的合成有上调作用并呈时间和剂量依赖性，当其剂量达到１０００～１００００ｕ／ｍｌ时，与对照相比Ｃ１ＩＮＨ合成量有极显著性增加（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

粘附分子对CD3介导的胸腺细胞[Ca^2＋]i应答的影响

ＬＦＡ－１和ＩＣＡＭ－１广泛表达于各胸腺细胞亚群，但ＩＣＡＭ－１在ＰＮＡ￣＋细胞的表达下调。本文报道：用抗ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１和抗ＣＤ３单抗，分析了粘附分子ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１对抗ＣＤ３诱导的胸腺细胞［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ应答的影响。结果显示，可溶性抗ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１可抑制ＣｏｎＡ刺激的胸腺细胞增殖，且以抗ＬＦＡ－１抗体的作用更为显著，在ＣｏｎＡ或抗ＣＤ３诱导的胸腺细胞［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ应答中，抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗可明显抑制［Ｃａ￣（２＋）ｉ升高。但如果用二抗交联ＣＤ３和ＬＦＡ－１，胸腺细胞［Ｃａ￣（２＋）ｉ则显著高于单独交联ＣＤ３时的水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＣＤ３与ＩＣＡＭ－ｌ交联却无此效应，此外，仅交联ＬＦＡ－１或ＩＣＡＭ－１也无诱导［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ应答的作用。提示在ＬＦＡ－ｌ与ＩＣＡＭ－１介导的胸腺细胞与胸腺基质细胞相互作用中，ＬＦＡ－１可为ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ３途径介导的胸腺细胞活化提供复合刺激信号。     

抗病毒蛋白MxA的诱导和检测方法的实验研究

目的 研究抗病毒蛋白ＭｘＡ的表达及其活性。方法用ＩＦＮα２ｂ或３型腺病毒（Ａ＿３）分别对ＷＩ－３８细胞或人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）作用 １２或２４ ｈ，并用Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ ｂｌｏｔ法或ＦＡＣＳ法，分别对Ｍ蛋白的表达进行定性和定量检测。采用微量细胞病变抑制法，对重组的ＭｘＡ和ＩＦＮα２ｂ进行抗病毒效应实验。结果 （１）低浓度的 ＩＦＮα２ｂ（＞ １×1０～＃ＩＵ／Ｌ）和Ａｄ＿３（＞２００ ＴＣＩＤ＿５０），均可诱导相应细胞表达 ＭｘＡ；（２）１０μｇ／Ｌ ＭｘＡ可抵抗２０个 ＴＣＩＤ＿（５０）的 ＨＳＶ－Ｉ、Ｐｏｌｉｏ． Ｖ感染 Ｖｅｒｏ细胞、Ａｄ＿３感染ＨｅＬａ细胞，抵抗２００个ＴＣＩＤ＿（５０）的ＶＳＶ感染Ｗｉｓｈ细胞。结论ＭｘＡ只能由干扰素（ＩＮＦα2ｂ）或病毒诱导产生，其具有广谱的抗病毒活性。     

周围神经功能性电刺激对实验性骨折愈合的影响

以实验性骨痂组织，细胞的形态学变化和骨痂骨系细胞的立体定量学分析为依据，评价了周围神经功能性电刺激对骨折愈合过程的影响，结果发现，周围神经功能性电刺激可使（１）骨痂内毛细血管含量增加；（２）骨生成细胞增殖并向成骨细胞转化，从而使成骨细胞的数量增加；（３）成骨细胞，成纤维细胞和破骨细胞的功能活跃，骨小梁形成与成熟提前；（４）骨痂的骨化，改建以及塑建速率加快。因此认为，周围神经功能性电刺激有促进骨折愈     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

去甲肾上腺素对大鼠体外抗体生成的影响

目的 观察不同浓度甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ，１０＾－１～１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对大鼠体外抗体生成的影响，并初步探讨其作用机制。方法 在体外用百红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）刺激大鼠肠系结Ｂ细胞转化成形成细胞（ＡＦＣ），然后检测其抗体生成量。结果 （１）１０＾－１０、１０＾－６、１０＾－８和１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＡ都能显著高于外抗体生成，其中１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＡ的作用最强。（２）γ受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素亦能明显     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

树突状细胞对小鼠实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎的作用

目的：研究树突状细胞（ＤＣ）对小鼠实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎（ＥＡＴ）的作用。方法：体外检测ＴｇＡｂ、Ｔｇ刺激的淋巴细胞增殖能力、ＩＬ－１、ＴＮＦ水平,并对甲状腺进行病理学检查。结果：ＤＣ注射组早期ＴｇＡｂ、Ｔｇ刺激的淋巴细胞增殖能力以及ＩＬ－１的水平均显著高于ＤＣ不注射组,但ＴＮＦ水平在两 者间无明显差异;经ＤＣ单抗处理组的上术指标均低于ＤＣ注射组;病理学检查表明ＤＣ注射级甲状腺局部病变较其它各组     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.