反义寡核苷酸阻遏血管平滑肌细胞c-myc, PCNA基因的表达

目的：利用反义寡核苷酸阻遏血管平滑肌细胞基因表达,为移植血管再狭窄的基因治疗提供理论依据。方法：人工合成正义,反义及错配反应ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ基因片断,并转入体外培养的ＶＳＭＣ中,运用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）测定细胞中相应基因表达的情况。结果：反义寡核苷酸能有效抑制ＶＳＭ中ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣ－ＮＡ基因的表达,而正义和错配反应寡核苷酸没有此效应。结论：反应寡核苷酸能阻遏ＶＳＭＣ中相应基因     

反义寡核苷酸抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的 证实反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ寡核苷酸阻遏血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的效应。方法 人工合成正义、反义及错配反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ寡核苷酸,转入体外培养的ＶＳＭＣ中,分别于作用后１～５ｄ进行细胞计数和＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定。结果加入反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ寡核苷酸的ＶＳＭＣ增殖受到抑制,崦正义和错配反义寡核苷酸对ＶＳＭＣ增殖没有明显影响。结论 反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ寡核苷酸可有效阻遏     

反义c—myc,增殖细胞核抗原基因片断抑制血管平滑细胞相关基因表达

目的 研究有效的防治血管术后狭窄的方法,以及应用反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ,增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）基因片断来封闭其相应基因表达的可行性。方法 设计并合成ｃ－ｍｙｃ,ＰＣＮＡ正义,反义及四个碱基错配的反义寡核苷酸,经体外稳定性检测和细胞转染实验证实其有效性后,分别作用于体外培养的血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣｓ）,应用逆转录ＰＣＲ半定量测定及计算机图像分析的方法,春对ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ＰＣＮＡ基因表达的影响。结果 设计     

反义c-myc寡脱氧核苷酸对血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响

为研究硫代磷酸修饰的反义ｃｍｙｃ寡脱氧核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）的增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响。应用脂质体分别介导硫代磷酸修饰的反义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ、正义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ和错配ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ进入体外培养的大鼠主动脉ＳＭＣ内，观察其对ＳＭＣ细胞ｃｍｙｃ表达、增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响。结果：①反义ＯＤＮ降低ｃｍｙｃ蛋白的表达。②反义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ抑制ＳＭＣ增殖、迁移，并诱导ＳＭＣ凋亡。而正义ＯＤＮ及错配ＯＤＮ则无上述作用。结果提示：应用反义技术抑制ｃｍｙｃ表达在防治经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）术后再狭窄中具有潜在作用。     

反义C—myc寡核苷酸对人肝癌细胞SMMC—7721的生长抑制

针对Ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ第二外显子起始妈ＡＵＧ及下游４个密码子设计合成了反义、正义及锚配寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）、并对合成的ＯＤＮｓ进行 硫代磷酸化修饰。在人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１培养体系中，对反义寡核苷酸（ＡＳＯＤＮ）抑制细胞增殖的作用进行了研究。发现（１）与正义和错配ＯＤＮｓ相比较，反义Ｃ－ｍｙｃＯＤＮ有明显抑制人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１生长的作用；（２）该生长抑制作用随ＡＳＯＤＮ剂量增加而增     

c-myc反义寡核苷酸对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液诱导的肺血管周细胞增殖的影响

应用细胞培养、核酸斑点杂交、~３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入、免疫细胞化学、图像分析等技术观察ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）诱导的大鼠肺血管周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量的影响。结果表明,ＨＥＣＣＭ显著促进周细胞 ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、ＰＣＮＡ表达（Ｐ＜０．０１）及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,反义ＯＤＮｓ显著阻抑 ＨＥＣＣＭ诱导的周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、ＰＣＮＡ表达（Ｐ＜０．０１）及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而同义ＯＤＮｓ无上述作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示,ＨＥＣＣＭ可通过上调ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达促进肺血管周细胞增殖,反义ＯＤＮｓ通过下凋ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达,抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ诱导的肺血管周细胞增殖。     

反义c-myc寡脱氧核苷酸对大鼠腹主动脉损伤后内膜增生的影响

目的观察大鼠腹主动脉损伤后内膜增生的影响,为采用反义ｃｍｙｃ战略防治再狭窄的早期临床试验奠定基础。方法将反义ｃｍｙｃ反义寡脱氧核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）通过ｐｌｕｒｏｎｉｃｇｅｌ缓释系统和Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ转染导入系统,将其作用于大鼠腹主动脉损伤后的血管外膜,饲养三周后,处死动物,对所取的血管节段进行组织切片和弹力纤维染色,在显微镜下进行形态观察和采用图像分析系统进行图像分析,计算出内膜／中膜（Ｉ／Ｍ）面积之比和Ｉ／Ｍ厚度之比,并进行统计学分析。结果通过形态观察和Ｉ／Ｍ面积和Ｉ／Ｍ厚度之比,发现反义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ明显抑制了内膜增生,而且随着反义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ剂量的增加,其对内膜增生的抑制作用更加明显,而正义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ和错配ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ与对照组相比,对内膜增生无影响。结论反义ｃｍｙｃＯＤＮ以剂量依赖性和序列特异性方式抑制了新生内膜的形成。为采用反义ｃｍｙｃ途径防治再狭窄的早期临床试验奠定了基础     

c—myc反义寡核苷酸对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液诱导的肺血管？…

应用细胞培养、核酸斑点杂交、Ｈ＾３－胸腺嘧啶核苷（＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入、免疫细胞化学、图像分析等技术观察ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）诱导的大鼠肺血管周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达及＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量的影响。结果表明,ＨＥＣＣＭ显著促进周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、ＰＣＮＡ表达（Ｐ〈０．０１）及＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量增加（     

反义寡核苷酸对HL60细胞c-myc基因表达的抑制和诱导分化作用

目的研究ｃｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸对ＨＬ６０细胞中ｃｍｙｃ基因的表达及ＨＬ６０细胞分化的影响。方法采用针对原癌基因ｃｍｙｃ的ｍＲＮＡ５’非翻译区的一个１８ｂｐ的反义寡核苷酸５’ｄ（ＣＴＴＣＴＣＧＡＧＧＣＡＧＧＡＧＧＧ）３’与人早幼粒白血病细胞系ＨＬ６０细胞共培养５ｄ，检测ｃｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ量的变化及其对ＨＬ６０细胞分化的影响。结果用ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ检测出ＨＬ６０细胞ｃｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ的含量减少；细胞形态学变化以及非特异性酯酶（ＮＳＥ）染色、硝基四氮唑蓝（ＮＢＴ）还原试验均提示ＨＬ６０细胞出现了分化，部分细胞向粒细胞方向分化，部分细胞向单核细胞方向分化。结论ｃｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸能够抑制ｃｍｙｃ基因的表达并能诱导ＨＬ６０细胞分化。     

反义N-ras-1基因对成纤维细胞生长因子诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的应用反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１基因阻断成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）的促增殖作用，为防治以血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖为主要特征的血管损伤后再狭窄等心血管疾病提供进一步探索的途径。方法利用构建的含反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１基因的逆转录病毒质粒（ｆｐＧｖ１－ＭＴ－ＡｎｔｉｓｅｎｓｅＮ－ｒａｓ１）转染于培养的血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣｓ），ｆｐＧｖ１－ＭＴ逆转录病毒空载质粒及未转染质粒的细胞为对照，观察其对ｂＦＧＦ诱导的ＶＳＭＣ的影响。结果反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１细胞数为（１６．８±１．３）×１０４（细胞／ｍｌ），空载质粒对照细胞为（３０．１±１．２）×１０４，两者差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）；反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入率为７６４３±６７２（ｃｐｍ），空载质粒对照细胞为１５１３１±１３８（ｃｐｍ），两者差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００１），同时应用反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１基因的细胞ＲａｓｍＲＮＡ表达水平明显降低，其表达蛋白ｐ２１也明显降低。结论反义Ｎ－ｒａｓ１基因对ＶＳＭＣ及ｂＦＧＦ诱导ＶＳＭＣ增殖有抑制作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.