手术治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后左髂动脉破裂1例

患者男,69岁.因腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后5年,腹部疼痛2个月于2005年5月入院.5年前因腹主动脉瘤在外院行分叉型带内支架人工血管腔内隔绝治疗.体查:体温37.3℃,脉搏100次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压130/90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa).心肺正常.腹部平软,左下腹压痛,无反跳痛,未及明显包块,肠鸣音正常.辅助检查:腹部CTA三维重建成像示既往植入支架的左髂血管支远端有血肿形成(图1).诊断:腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后、支架下端左髂动脉瘤破裂.行急症剖腹手术.     

第104例 腰_(2.3)椎间盘突出

王××,男性,24岁,病案号46977腰痛双大腿后外侧麻木1个月,左大腿前内侧疼痛半月余。活动后双大腿疼痛加重,卧床休息疼痛缓解,咳嗽时腰痛加重并放射至左小腿外侧。入院前已卧床休息二十天。入院后二十天出现左小腿后外侧麻木。检查:脊柱轻度右侧弯,腰生理前凸消失。腰_3左侧有压痛,腰_(4.5)双侧有压痛无反射性痛。双下肢感觉无明显障碍。后仰背伸试验阳性,仰卧挺腹试验阳性,直腿抬高试验:左30度,右50度均引起疼痛加重,棘突摇摆试验阴性,双下肢膝,踝反射均存在。治疗:经绝对卧床及对症处理,疼痛症状无缓解。腰椎平片示:腰椎骶化,腰_(2.3)退行性变较重,椎间隙变窄。Conray造     

硬膜内神经鞘瘤囊性变误诊为腰椎间盘突出症1例报告

患者,男,50岁,工人。因间歇性腰痛伴左下肢疼痛4年,加重20天,于1991年7月2日以腰椎间盘突出症收住院。4年前腰部扭伤,后常有腰痛,半年后出现左下肢轻轻度疼痛。以后症状反复出现,时轻时重。入院前1年,出现间歇跛行。入院前1月劳累后症状突然加重,咳嗽时疼痛放射至左小腿,夜间常疼醒。二便正常。入院查体:脊柱向左侧弯,L4～5和L5～S1椎旁压痛,疼痛放射至左小腿,直腿抬高右80°,左30°,加强试验阳性。双膝双踝反射对称,趾背伸力正常,双下肢感觉正常,病理反射未引出。腰椎平片:腰椎向左侧弯,轻度骨质增生。脊髓造影:L5～S1部位呈倒杯口状完全…     

腰椎压缩骨折椎体后凸成形术中发生癔症性瘫痪1例

正患者,女,79岁,腰部外伤后致腰痛10 d,站立疼痛加重,翻身困难,夜间痛甚,右臀部酸痛,大小便自解,双下肢活动感觉正常。既往无精神类疾病史。在外院诊断L1压缩骨折,予药物治疗,疼痛无缓解。查体:L1棘上压痛、叩痛,腰部椎旁两侧压痛,双下肢肌力正常,肌张力正常,双下肢皮肤感觉正常,反射正常引出,病理征未引出。X线片、CT及MRI示L1     

L1椎体转移性肿瘤人工椎体置换术1例报告

患者,女,4 9岁,因腰痛伴双下肢麻痛,行走困难2个月,加重1周后入院。体查:左乳房有一2cm×4cm硬结,穿刺活检为乳腺腺癌,脊柱无驼背畸形,T12 、L1棘突有压痛,叩击痛阳性,双下肢肌力正常,双下肢直腿抬高试验6 0°阳性,双侧膝腱反射、跟腱反射正常,病理反射未引出。无感觉异常,肛门括约肌功能正常。辅助检查:X线片示L1转移癌,腰椎骨质破坏。MR报告示L1转移癌。手术前通过X线检查确定顶椎的角度。1　手术方法全麻下采用肾切口切除11、12肋骨,先缝扎T12 、L1、L2 椎间动静脉暴露T12 、L1、L2 椎体,保护腹主动脉,在降压麻醉下将L1椎体切除,用…     

多发性骨髓瘤患者腰椎间盘突出重吸收1例

<正>患者,男,42岁,因腰痛2个月、左下肢放射痛1月余来我院就诊。查体:疼痛沿L5神经根分布,左下肢腓肠肌外侧麻木,足部感觉无异常。左侧直腿抬高试验30°(+),加强试验(+)。双侧膝腱及跟腱反射正常,病理征阴性。腰椎MRI检查显示:T2像中L4～5椎间盘退变膨出,L5～S1椎间盘向左后突出,压迫L5神经根(见图1A、B)。行按摩、理疗、药物等非手术治疗2个月后症状缓解,遂未再就诊。6个月后患者腰痛复发,自感疼痛性质与前不同,呈钝痛、酸     

腰骶纤维织炎合并骶骨骨折1例报告

患者,女,57岁,因腰痛伴右下肢麻木8个月,加重1个月来诊。患者于8个月前不明原因出现腰痛伴右下肢麻木,多方求治,效差;曾在院外按“腰椎间盘突出症”行手法整复处理,自觉腰痛突然加重,伴腰骶酸胀,束带感,继之双下肢无力,不能久站久行,夜间疼痛明显,遂至北京积水潭医院就诊,按“1.腰椎间盘突出症2.骨质疏松”给予药物治疗,病情不缓解。查体:痛苦面容,双手扶腰,“板状腰”外形,触诊两侧腰肌紧张,腰骶弥漫压痛,腰4棘突右旁开(1cm)压痛伴右下肢放射痛,双直腿抬高90度。深浅感觉正常,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出。腰椎X片示脊柱生理弯曲变直,序…     

腰椎术后并发细菌性脑膜炎、脑梗塞1例

<正>1病例介绍患者,男,51岁,因"腰痛伴双下肢放射痛、麻木5个月"以"腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘突出症"入院。患者入院检查见:腰痛伴双下肢放射痛,卧床休息后缓解,行走、站立时疼痛加重,右小腿外侧及足背麻木。查体:腰椎曲度正常,活动无受限,L3、4间隙压痛(+),棘突旁无压痛,双侧直腿抬高试验     

腹主动脉瘤完全性血栓形成1例报道

正病例资料患者,女,45岁,因"双下肢间歇性跛行1年,加重半月"入院。患者于入院前1年无明显诱因出现双下肢间歇性跛行,间歇性跛行的距离为500 m左右,不伴有静息痛症状。入院前半月,患者出现间歇性跛行加重,距离减至200 m左右。查双下肢动脉彩超及腹部CT扫描示"腹主动脉瘤累及双侧髂总动脉,瘤腔完全被血栓堵塞,未见明显血流"(图1),为求进一步诊治来笔者所在医院就诊。患者发病以来体质量(体重)无明显增减。患者有高     

神经纤维瘤伴椎间盘突出症2例报道

例 1,患者 ,男 ,2 6岁 ,安阳市开发区干部 ,于 1996 - 0 8- 12以“腰痛伴右下肢疼痛三月”为主诉入院。查体 :一般情况可 ,肺心正常 ,直腿抬高试验 :左 90°右6 0°,椎旁压痛 (+) ,腹枕试验 (+) ,膝腱跟腱反射存在 ,腰椎 CT示“L4- 5间盘轻度突出”,诊断为“椎间盘突出症”给予牵引治疗。经全自动牵引机牵引加手法复位治疗后 ,患者临床症状减轻 ;三日后手动牵引患者症状明显加重 ,三次牵引后疼痛更加明显。根据病情建议进一步检查。后在河南医科大学一附院做核磁共振检查 ,为腰 4水平有一 5 m m× 4m m×0 .8mm神经纤维瘤 ,随在一附院行纤…     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.