绝经后女性冠状动脉病变与血脂代谢的关系

目的 :研究绝经后女性冠心病 ( CHD)患者血脂特点 ,探讨血脂代谢与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法 :以酶法测定和观察 94例经冠状动脉造影证实有一支以上主要冠状动脉狭窄≥ 5 0 %的绝经后女性 CHD患者的总胆固醇 ( TG)、甘油三酯 ( TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 ( HDL- C)、低密度蛋白胆固醇 ( L DL- C)、载脂蛋白 A1 、B( apo A1 、apo B) ,并以同期同年龄范围的健康体检女性 10 0例为对照组。结果 :1CHD组的 TG和 L DL- C明显高于对照组 ,HDL- C和 apo A1 明显低于对照组 ,而 TC仅轻度高于对照组 ;2多元逐步回归分析的有价值的判别指标为 apo A1 和 L DL- C;3 CHD组高 TG者 5 4例 ( 5 3 .2 % ) ,高 TG者冠状动脉双支及三支病变 2 9例 ( 5 8% ) ,而TG正常者双支及三支病变 13例 ( 2 9.5 % )。结论 :女性绝经后 CHD患者高 TG,高 L DL - C,低 HDL - C和低 apo A1是 CHD的重要危险因素 ,apo A1 和 L DL - C在致 CHD方面意义更大 ,其中高 TG者冠状动脉病变的严重程度更为明显     

原发性高血压患者合并血脂异常与血浆胰岛素浓度的关系

目的　探讨原发性高血压患者血浆胰岛素浓度与血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法　比较高血压组与对照组及高血压患者按胰岛素水平分组后与对照组的总胆固醇 (TC)、三酰甘油 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL- C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL- C)、载脂蛋白 AI(apo AI)、载脂蛋白 B(apo B)和血浆胰岛素的水平。结果　原发性高血压患者血脂成分及胰岛素水平均较对照组有明显差异 (分别 P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。按胰岛素水平分组 ,A组胰岛素浓度 <15 ml U / L ,B组胰岛素浓度≥ 15 m IU / L而 <2 5 ml U / L和 C组胰岛素浓度≥ 2 5 m l U /L ;各组与对照组比 ,高血压患者 TC、TG、L DL - C、apo B明显升高 (分别 P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 ) ,HDL - C、apo AI显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。高血压患者 TG浓度随胰岛素水平增高而明显增加。结论　原发性高血压患者血浆胰岛素水平增加是其脂代谢异常的原因之一 ,而血脂异常的分布与 TG浓度升高有关     

中老年女性脂蛋白(a)含量测定及临床意义

目的　观察中老年女性血清脂蛋白 (a)〔LP(a)〕及血脂含量与心、脑血管疾病的发生、发展的关系。方法　采用电泳法和酶法检测30 5例中老年女性血清LP(a)及血脂含量。结果　中老年女性绝经后组 ,血清中LP(a)、LDL C、TC、TG含量高于绝经前组 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5) ;HDL C、和E2 低于绝经前组 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5)。心、脑血管疾病组LP(a)、LDL C、TC、TG均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5) ,HDL C低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　中老年女性绝经后血清中LP(a)、LDL C、TC、TG含量升高 ,HDL C含量降低使中老年女性增加了患心脑血管疾病的危险。     

冠心病患者脂蛋白(a)及三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值变化的研究

目的　探讨冠心病 (CHD)病情程度与脂蛋白 (a) [L p(a) ]及三酰甘油 /高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (TG/ HDL- C)比值的关系。方法　测定 138例 CHD患者血清 L p(a)及 TG/ HDL- C比值 ,并与对照组健康人 82例相比较 ,分析 L p(a)及 TG/ HDL - C比值的临床意义。结果　 L p(a)浓度及 TG/ HDL - C比值在稳定型心绞痛组及不稳定型心绞痛组明显高于对照组 (分别 P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1) ,CHD组中两指标在慢性充血性心力衰竭 I°组、 °组、 °组呈上升的趋势 ,同时 L p(a)与 TG呈正相关 (r=0 .30 8,P<0 .0 1)。结论　 L p(a)及 TG/ HDL - C比值联合监测有助于 CHD的早期发现 ,了解病情程度     

国产辛伐他汀与舒降之调血脂作用的对比观察

目的 :对比观察国产辛代他汀与进口辛伐他汀 (舒降之 )对高脂血症患者的调血脂作用。　　方法 :将 16 0例高脂血症患者以抽签法随机分为辛伐他汀组 (n=10 0 )及舒降之组 (n=6 0 ) ,分别口服国产辛伐他汀及舒降之。观察用药 4周及 8周患者的血清总胆固醇 (TC) ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL- C) ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL- C) ,(TC- HDL- C) /HDL- C及甘油三酯 (TG)变化。　　结果 :服用国产辛伐他汀 4周及 8周可分别使患者血清 TC降低 2 2 .8%、2 8.1% ,L DL - C降低 2 7.9%、32 .2 % ,(TC-HDL- C) /HDL- C降低 36 .3%、45 .2 % ,HDL- C升高 13.4%、16 .1% ,合并高甘油三酯血症患者 TG降低 19.4%、2 9.4% ,但对单纯高胆固醇血症患者 TG水平无显著影响。服药 4周即有明显调血脂疗效。　　结论 :国产辛伐他汀调血脂作用疗效肯定 ,与其相应进口产品舒降之比较基本相同。     

老年男性动脉粥样硬化患者雄激素与血脂水平的关系

目的　探讨老年男性动脉粥样硬化 (AS)患者内源性雄激素水平和血脂之间的关系。方法　用放射免疫法测定血清总睾酮 (TT)、游离睾酮 (FT)水平 ,用比色法测定血总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL- C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL- C)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL- C)的浓度。比较病例组与对照组各因子水平的差异 ,组内分析 FT与脂质水平的相关性。结果　病例组 FT与 HDL- C水平明显低于对照组(P<0 .0 5) ,而 L DL - C、VLDL- C、TC和 TG水平则显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。无论在病例组还是对照组 ,FT均与 HDL- C呈正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ,与L DL- C、TG呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;在病例组 ,FT与 TC呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5)。结论　 AS患者存在低雄激素水平和脂质代谢紊乱 ,正常水平 FT可能具有延缓 AS发生、发展的生理效应 ,雄激素影响 AS进程可能与脂质代谢有关     

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白对冠心病的预测价值

目的　观察氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白 (Ox-LDL)检测对冠心病 (CHD)的预测价值 ,并与其它血脂指标进行比较。方法　对 68例冠心病组和 3 0例对照组进行前瞻性研究 ,比较两组病人 Ox-LDL ,脂蛋白 a(Lp(a) )总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (L DL )、三酰甘油 (TG)及高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)的检测结果。Ox-LDL的测定采用化学法 ;Lp(a)测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)双抗夹心法 ;TC、TG、HDL和 LDL采用酶法测定。结果　 (1) CHD组 Ox-LDL、TC及 L DL高于对照组 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,TG和 HDL无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )经配对 X2检验 ,除 HDL 外 Ox-LDL 异常检出率明显高于 TC、TG、L DL、L p(a) ;(3 )对冠心病预测价值的比较 ,Ox-LDL优于 L p(a)及其它血脂指标。结论　 Ox-LDL的检出率高于其它血脂指标 ,对冠心病诊断具有一定预测价值     

冠状动脉病变与血脂代谢异常的相关性

目的　探讨冠状动脉病变与血脂代谢紊乱的关系。方法　将2 6 7例疑似冠心病的患者依据冠状动脉造影结果分为对照组(非冠心病组) 1 0 1例,冠心病组1 6 6例,其中单支病变组54例,双支病变组6 8例,三支病变组4 4例,同时测定并统计分析血脂各成分及其比值与冠状动脉病变之间的关系。结果　冠心病(CHD)组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL- C)、甘油三脂(TG)水平明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL C)水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。随着冠状动脉病变范围的增加,TC、LDL C、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、TC HDL- C、LDL- C HDL- C升高,HDL- C降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义。冠心病组血脂各组分和其比值与冠状动脉积分的相关分析表明,TC HDL- C、LDL -C HDL -C与冠状动脉病变的相关性最强。结论　血脂代谢紊乱的严重程度与冠状动脉病变的严重程度是一致的,通过异常的血脂代谢有可能初步预测冠状动脉病变,其中LDL- C HDL- C、TC- HDL C比值优于其他血脂指标。     

女性高血压患者绝经前后及绝经年限与血脂水平关系探讨

目的探讨女性高血压患者绝经前后及绝经年限与血脂变化的关系。方法女性高血压患者131例,分绝经前组(34例)及绝经后组(97例),测晨起空腹静脉血中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),进行组间比较,并分析绝经年限与血脂水平的相关性。并与73例健康对照组比较。结果绝经前高血压组TC、LDL-C〔(5.27±0.47)mmol/L和(3.50±0.45)mmol/L〕显著高于对照组〔(4.33±0.70)mmol/L和(2.67±0.50)mmol/L,均为P<0.01〕。绝经后高血压组TG、TC、LDL-C〔(1.87±1.06)mmol/L、(6.41±0.78)mmol/L和(4.61±0.87)〕均显著高于对照组〔(1.26±0.79)mmol/L、(4.63±0.54)mmol/L和(2.79±0.47)mmol/L,均为P<0.01〕,HDL-C则低于对照组〔(1.36±0.32)和(1.57±0.33)mmol/L,P<0.01〕。高血压绝经后组TG、TC、LDL-C〔(1.87±1.06)mmol/L、(6.41±0.78)mmol/L和(4.61±0.87)mmol/L〕显著高于绝经前组〔(1.35±0.99)mmol/L,P<0.05;(5.27±0.47)mmol/L,P<0.01;(3.50±0.45)mmol/L,P<0.01〕,HDL-C低于绝经前组〔(1.36±0.32)和(1.51±0.26)mmol/L,P<0.05〕。TC、LDL-C与绝经年限呈显著正相关(r分别为0.88和0.81,P<0.01)。结论女性高血压患者绝经后血TG、TC、LDL-C增高,TC、LDL-C与绝经年限呈正相关,而HDL-C降低。     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后妇女血清血管 紧张素转化酶及血脂代谢的影响

目的　探讨雌激素替代疗法 (ERT)对绝经后妇女血清血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)含量及血脂代谢的影响。方法　测定 30例健康绝经后妇女应用ERT(治疗组 )前及应用ERT 14周后血清ACE、雌二醇 (E2 )及血清甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]含量 ,并与 30例健康绝经后妇女应用安慰剂 (对照组 )进行对照。结果　对照组应用安慰剂前后 ,ACE及血脂各项含量无变化 ;治疗组应用ERT后 ,ACE含量明显降低且与E2 呈负相关 ,血清TC、LDL C及Lp(a)含量降低 ,HDL C含量升高 ,TG无变化。结论　绝经后妇女补充雌激素 ,可通过降低血清ACE水平及改善血脂代谢共同发挥对心血管系统的保护作用。     

女性高血压病绝经前后脂蛋白(a)及血脂含量分析

目的 观察女性高血压病患者绝经前后血清脂蛋白（ａ）「Ｌｐ（ａ）」及血脂水平的变化。方法 本组纳入女性高血压患者１１３例,分绝经前及绝缘 后组。测定晨 起空腹静脉血中Ｌｐ（ａ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）。将各指标与对照线比较以及高血压患者绝经一间比较。结果 高血压组,Ｌｐ（ａ）、ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ均高于对照组,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ     

Effects of menopause and obesity on lipid profiles in middle-aged Taiwanese women: the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study

In this cross-sectional study, we examined the associations between lipid profiles and menopausal status, age, and obesity in Taiwanese women. The study population, established in 1990-91, consisted of 671 premenopausal and 872 postmenopausal women from the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort (CCCC). The associations of age, body mass index (BMI), and menopausal status with serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apoproteins (Apo) A-1 and B, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] were evaluated. The results showed that menopause was associated with significant increases in TC, LDL-C, TG, and Apo B levels (all P < 0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, and Apo B levels increased consistently with BMI in middle-aged women, regardless of menopausal status. Among women aged 45-49, menopausal women had significantly higher levels of TC and LDL-C than premenopausal women (P < 0.01). However, TG and Apo B levels were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women aged 50-54 years (P < 0.05). Standardized regression analyses showed all lipid variables, except those of Apo A1 and Lp (a) before menopause and TC, LDL-C, and Lp (a) after menopause, were significantly associated with BMI (all P < 0.01). We conclude serum lipid levels in Taiwanese women are no more strongly associated with menopause and BMI than with age.     

Subclinical hypothyroidism and lipid abnormalities in older women attending a vascular disease prevention clinic: effect of thyroid replacement therapy

The authors evaluated the frequency and type of lipid disorders associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in older women referred to their university vascular disease prevention clinic. They also assessed the results of thyroid replacement therapy. Fasting serum lipid profiles and thyroid function tests were measured in 333 apparently healthy women (mean age: 71.8 +/- 7 years). These women were divided into 3 groups: group I: 60-69 years old (n = 132); group II: 70-79 years old (n = 153); group III: 80-89 years old (n = 48). SH was defined as a serum thyrotropin concentration higher than 3.20 mlU/mL with a normal free thyroxine concentration. The prevalence of SH was 7.5%. Thyrotropin was higher than 3.20 mU/mL in 25 women; 7 (5.3%), 14 (9.2%), and 4 (8.3%) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were higher in the women with SH (p = 0.037). The mean values of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TC/HDL-C ratio, lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), apolipoprotein A-I (apo AI) apolipoprotein B100 (apo B) and apo B/apo A ratio were higher and triglycerides (TG) were lower, compared with those with normal levels of thyrotropin. However, none of these differences reached significance. Restoration of euthyroid status (thyroxine: 50-100 microg/day) in 17 SH women significantly improved TC (p = 0.017), LDL-C (p = 0.014), TC/HDL-C (p = 0.05), LDL-C/HDL-C (p = 0.03), apo B (p = 0.013), and Lp(a) (p = 0.0005) values. SH is relatively common in older women attending a vascular disease prevention clinic. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy significantly improved serum lipids. In particular, the reduction in LDL-C and Lp(a) concentrations may be of clinical benefit.     

Ethnicity may be a reason for lipid changes and high Lp(a) levels in rheumatoid arthritis

There are so many studies that suggest the changes in lipid profiles and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] are associated with early atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). But there are some opposite studies also. Because of marked ethnicity differences in the distribution of Lp(a), we aimed to investigate the associations of Lp(a) levels and lipid changes in Turkish RA patients. There were 30 women and 20 men, a total of 50 patients with RA (mean age 47.6±13.2 years), included and 21 healthy women and 14 healthy men (mean age 45.7±14.5 years) were recruited as a control (C) group. Serum Lp(a), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were analysed for each group. Analysis of six different studies was performed. In the RA and C groups, mean serum Lp(a) levels were 39.7±64.4 and 10.5±13.4 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.001). Mean TC levels were 189.2±142.5 and 174.0±29.3 mg/dl (P=0.294), mean TG levels were 121.4±65.4 and 106.5±80.0 mg/dl (P=0.030), mean HDL-C levels were 44.5±10.0 and 47.7±4.8 mg/dl (P=0.014) and mean LDL-C levels were 94.3±35.3 and 102.0±24.6 mg/dl (P=0.98), respectively. Analysis of the six studies showed Lp(a) level was higher and HDL level was lower in RA patients than in healthy controls. Patients with RA may have altered lipid profiles from one country to another one. Especially in Turkey, higher serum Lp(a), lower HDL-C and higher TG levels may be found in RA patients instead of some findings of other countries showing different results. Ethnicity may be a reason for these findings.     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后冠心病患者及正常妇女的影响

目的观察雌激素治疗绝经后冠心病患及正常妇女体内血脂、血小板聚集率、氧自由基及纤溶活性变化。方法选５３例绝经后妇女冠心病患为冠心病组,４２例绝经后健康妇女为正常对照组,每组病例再单盲随机分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组予尼尔雌醇（每月４ｍｇ／次）治疗６个月,安慰剂组予安慰剂治疗,观察治疗前后患雌激素水平及血脂各项指标、血小板聚集率、氧自由基和纤溶活性变化。结果冠心病组雌激素水平低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜     

Lp(a) lipoprotein and lipids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: serum levels and relationship to inflammation

Objectives Changes in lipid profiles, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and acute phase reactants are associated with early atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The associations of Lp(a) levels with atherosclerotic disorders, diabetes, RA, and renal diseases suggest that Lp(a) might be involved in autoimmune reactions.Methods Eighty-seven women with RA diagnosed according to American Rheumatism Association criteria (mean age 45.4±9.4 years) were recruited and 50 healthy women (mean age 44±10.7 years) included as a control group. Serum Lp(a), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed.Results In the RA and C groups, serum Lp(a) levels were 39.2±20.6 mg/dl and 14.8±9.7 mg/dl, respectively (P<0.001). The TC levels were 188.4±41.8 mg/dl and 185.3±19.3 mg/dl (P>0.05), TG levels were 124.5±50.1 mg/dl and 94.6±24.9 mg/dl (P<0.01), HDL-C levels were 40.0±7.4 mg/dl and 52.8±4.8 mg/dl (P<0.01), and LDL-C levels were 123.4±24.6 mg/dl and 113.3±21.1 mg/dl (P>0.05). While serum CRP levels showed a positive correlation with Lp(a), they correlated negatively with HDL-C levels (r=0.83 and P<0.0001, r=–0.49 and P<0.0001, respectively). It was meaningful that Lp(a) correlated negatively with serum HDL-C level (r=–0.36, P<0.001).Conclusions It is suggested that higher serum Lp(a), lower HDL-C, higher TG level, and a high ratio of TC/HDL-C might show high risk of atherosclerosis. Inflammation in RA may cause changes in HDL-C and Lp(a) metabolisms.     

老年冠心病患者抑郁与血脂水平的关系

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者抑郁与血脂水平之间的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,将老年冠心病患者168例按抑郁自评量表(SDS)及综合医院焦虑抑郁量表抑郁分表(HAD)评分分为冠心病伴抑郁组(抑郁组,87例)和冠心病不伴抑郁组(非抑郁组,81例)。测定所有研究对象的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和脂蛋白α(Lp(α))。结果:抑郁组TG、LDL-C水平显著高于非抑郁组(P0.01),而TC显著低于非抑郁组(P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析,TC、TG、LDL-C是抑郁的影响因素。结论:血脂的变化与抑郁情绪有关,伴有抑郁情绪的冠心病患者血脂异常更为明显。     

血清胆红素和血脂的综合指数与冠心病的关系研究

目的探讨血清胆红素与血脂的综合指数与冠心病(CHD)的关系.方法将80名行冠状动脉造影术的患者分为2组:CHD组与对照组(冠状动脉正常).测定血清总胆红素水平(TBIL),总胆固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算出其综合指数:LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL)和TC/(HDL-C TBIL),分析其与CHD之间的关系.结果CHD患者血清TBIL水平明显低于非冠心病患者(P＜0.05).CHD患者总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL)比值,TC/(HDL-C TBIL)比值水平明显高于冠状动脉正常组(P＜0.05).进行Logistic回归分析,TC,LDL-C,LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL),TC/(HDL-C TBIL)可引入Logistic回归模型,它们为CHD的危险因素.结论CHD的发生与TBIL的降低有一定的相关性,综合考虑血脂、血清胆红素与血脂的综合指数有助于CHD的诊断.     

Lipoprotein(a) level and lipids in type 2 diabetic patients and their normoglycemic first-degree relatives in type 2 diabetic pedigrees

We investigated alterations of serum levels of Lp(a) and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients and their normoglycemic first-degree relatives to evaluate the potential genetic association among these subjects. Serum Lp(a), triglycerride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were analyzed in 62 type 2 diabetic patients and 67 normoglycemic first-degree relatives from 29 type 2 diabetic pedigrees, and 45 healthy controls without family histories of diabetes. Dyslipidemia was observed in diabetics and their normoglycemic first-degree relatives. While higher serum TG levels were observed in both type 2 diabetics and their first-degree relatives than those in controls, higher TG levels in diabetics were found when compared with those in first-degree relatives. Meanwhile, lower serum HDL-C levels were observed in both type 2 diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives than those in controls. No significant difference of serum TC and LDL-C levels was found among the three groups. On the other hand, we did not observe significant differences of serum Lp(a) levels between type 2 diabetic patients and normoglycemic first-degree relatives, nor were any significant differences observed between diabetic patients and healthy controls (24.6+/-19.9 vs. 25.8+/-21.2, and 21.3+/-20.5 mg/dl). Although the average serum Lp(a) levels were similar in all subgroups, we did observe a positive correlation of Lp(a) between type 2 diabetic patients and their offspring (r=0.448, P<0.01), suggesting a potential genetic control for Lp(a) levels in type 2 diabetics families.     

Lipids, lipoproteins, lifestyle, adiposity and fat-free mass during middle age: the Fels Longitudinal Study

INTRODUCTION: Although lipid profiles tend to worsen with age, it is not fully known if such age-related changes are influenced primarily by body composition and lifestyle or by other aspects of aging. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the extent to which the fat and fat-free components of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors influence patterns of change in lipids independent of age. DESIGN: Serial data were analyzed using sex-specific longitudinal models. These models use serial data from individuals to assume a general pattern of change over time, while allowing baseline age and the rate of change to vary among individuals. SUBJECTS: Serial data were obtained from 940 examinations of 269 healthy white participants (126 men, 143 women), aged 40-60 years, in the Fels Longitudinal Study. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements included age, the fat (FMI) and fat-free mass (FFMI) components of BMI, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose and insulin, physical activity, alcohol use and smoking, and women's menopausal status and estrogen use. RESULTS: In both sexes, increased FMI was significantly associated with increased LDL-C, TG and TC, and decreased HDL-C. Increased FFMI was significantly related to decreased HDL-C and increased TG. Independent age effects remained significant only for LDL-C and TC in men and TC in women. Increased insulin was significantly related to increased TG in women. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-C in men. Physical activity lowered male LDL-C and TC levels, and increased female HDL-C levels. Menopause was associated with increases in LDL-C. Premenopausal women not using estrogen had significantly lower HDL-C, TG, and TC than postmenopausal women taking estrogen. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Age is an important independent predictor for LDL-C and TC in men, and TC in women, but it is not as influential as body composition and lifestyle on HDL-C and TG in men and women, and LDL-C in women. (2) Increasing FMI is the major contributor to elevated TC, LDL-C and TG levels, and decreased HDL-C levels in men and women. (3) FFMI significantly influences HDL and TG levels in both sexes. (4) Maintaining a lower BMI via a reduced fat component may be more beneficial in lowering CVD risks than other factors.