胰岛素增敏剂对不同胰岛素水平的2型糖尿病的疗效观察

2型糖尿病的基本病理生理特征是由于胰岛素抵抗伴有或不伴有胰岛素分泌不足所导致的代谢紊乱。随着病程的进展,胰岛素抵抗越来越重、高胰岛素血症越来越明显,最后导致胰岛功能越来越衰竭。胰岛素抵抗贯穿着整个糖尿病的发展历程[1]。胰岛素增敏剂即是通过增加肝细胞内的核受体p     

白蛋白加胰岛素湿敷在老年糖尿病患者并发压疮中的疗效观察

目的探讨白蛋白加胰岛素湿敷在老年糖尿病患者并发压疮中的疗效。方法对11例老年糖尿病患者并发的压疮采用白蛋白加胰岛素湿敷治疗2周,观察局部变化及定量分析压疮面积,评价其疗效。结果经过2周治疗,11例患者压疮逐渐结痂愈合,面积由治疗前的（36．65±8．37）cm2,缩小为（11．89±4．86）cm2,差异有统计学意义（t=8．198,P=0．000）。结论自蛋白加胰岛素湿敷对老年糖尿病患者并发压疮有较好的疗效,值得在临床中推广应用。     

The effect of vitamin D3 on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Ten females with type 2 diabetes being treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents and with normal serum and urine calcium levels were enrolled in the study. The study was conducted in March, when levels of vitamin D are lowest in our region. The level of plasma 25(OH)D was measured (normal range in winter 25-120 nmol/l). The first (FPIS) and second (SPIS) phases of insulin secretion were studied during IVGTT. Peripheral insulin resistance was measured. A group of 17 age- and BMI-matched females with normal glucose tolerance served as a control group. The diabetic patients were treated with cholecalciferol 1332 IU daily for one month. The mean plasma 25(OH)D level was 35.3 +/- 15.1 nmol/l at baseline, 70% of patients being vitamin D deficient. After one month of treatment with vitamin D3, the plasma 25(OH)D level increased by a mean of 75.8%; 70% of the patients achieved normal vitamin D levels. FPIS increased significantly by 34.3%, while the change in SPIS of 20.4% was not significant (p > 0.8). We found a significant correlation between the change in FPIS and the change in 25(OH)D level after vitamin D3 supplementation (p < 0.018). The results showed a decrease of 21.4% in insulin resistance after one month, but the change was not significant. Bearing in mind that the main defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus are reduced FPIS and insulin resistance, and the favourable effect vitamin D3 had on them, we suggest vitamin D3 deficiency may at least partly contribute to the impairment of insulin secretion and probably of insulin action. Our results suggest that vitamin D3 supplementation could be an element in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the winter.     

血浆纤维蛋白原与2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变的关系

目的 探讨血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平与2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变相关性.方法 选择2型糖尿病患者240例,男132例,女108例,全部受试者均采用高分辨彩色多普勒超声检查判定下肢动脉病变程度,按下肢血管病变严重程度进行评分,所有入选病例分为2型糖尿病下肢血管病变组(病变组又分为轻度、中度和重度组)与非病变组,比较病变组与非病变组间血浆纤维蛋白原水平;同时根据纤维蛋白原水平,比较高纤维蛋白原水平和正常纤维蛋白原水平患者的下肢血管病变发生率及病变严重程度情况.结果 糖尿病下肢血管病变组纤维蛋白原水平显著高于非病变组(3.20±0.66)g、L VS(2.85±0.57)g、L(P＜0.01),高纤维蛋白原患者较正常纤维蛋白原的下肢血管病变发生率显著增加,病变程度更重(50.94%VS 26.20%,P＜0.05).结论 血浆纤维蛋白原升高是2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的重要危险因素之一.     

胰岛素抵抗与糖尿病足的相关性及其机制的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者中合并糖尿病足者与胰岛素抵抗的关系,并分析其与血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)含量关系.方法研究80例2型糖尿病患者,其中35例糖尿病足患者作为病例组,45例无足部病变的糖尿病患者作为对照组.所有研究对象均检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂.采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)原理定量测定血浆TNF-α和PAI-1含量.胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=FPG×FIns/22.5.结果糖尿病足患者的HOMA-IR显著高于无糖尿病足的患者(P<0.05).采用相关分析发现,血浆PAI-1及TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.01).多元回归分析显示血浆PAI-1、TNF-α水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、体重指数(BMI)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)是影响2型糖尿病足患者胰岛素抵抗的主要危险因素.结论糖尿病足患者存在着更严重的胰岛素抵抗,血浆PAI-1及TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR具有的正相关性,提示PAI-1及TNF-α等炎性因子参与胰岛素抵抗在糖尿病足的发病过程中起到一定的作用.     

胰岛素抵抗与糖尿病足的相关性及其机制的a研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者中合并糖尿病足者与胰岛素抵抗的关系,并分析其与血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)含量关系。方法研究80例2型糖尿病患者,其中35例糖尿病足患者作为病例组,45例无足部病变的糖尿病患者作为对照组。所有研究对象均检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂。采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)原理定量测定血浆TNF-α和PAI-1含量。胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=FPG×FIns/22.5。结果糖尿病足患者的HOMA-IR显著高于无糖尿病足的患者(P<0.05)。采用相关分析发现,血浆PAI-1及TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示血浆PAI-1、TNF-α水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、体重指数(BM I)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)是影响2型糖尿病足患者胰岛素抵抗的主要危险因素。结论糖尿病足患者存在着更严重的胰岛素抵抗,血浆PAI-1及TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR具有的正相关性,提示PAI-1及TNF-α等炎性因子参与胰岛素抵抗在糖尿病足的发病过程中起到一定的作用。     

The combined effect of triple therapy with rosiglitazone, metformin, and insulin aspart in type 2 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes is caused by reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver. We tested the combination therapy with insulin aspart, rosiglitazone, and metformin with the purpose of treating all three defects in order to test the hypothesis that this "triple therapy" will normalize glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen obese type 2 diabetic outpatients on human NPH or MIX (regular + NPH insulin) insulin twice daily were randomized to either triple therapy, i.e., insulin aspart (a rapid-acting insulin analog) at meals, metformin (which improves hepatic insulin sensitivity), and rosiglitazone (which improves peripheral insulin sensitivity), or to continue their NPH or MIX insulin twice daily for 6 months. Insulin doses were adjusted in both groups based on algorithms. HbA(1c), insulin dose, hypoglycemic episodes, insulin sensitivity (clamp), hepatic glucose production (tracer), and diurnal profiles of plasma glucose and insulin were used in evaluating treatment. RESULTS: In the triple therapy group, HbA(1c) declined from 8.8 to 6.8% (P < 0.01) without inducing severe hypoglycemic events. Postprandial hyperglycemia was generally avoided, and the diurnal profile of serum insulin showed fast and high peaks without any need to increase insulin dose. In the control group, the insulin dose was increased by 50%, but nevertheless both HbA(1c) and 24-h blood glucose profiles remained unchanged. Insulin sensitivity improved in both skeletal muscle and the liver in the triple therapy group, whereas no change was observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that treatment of the three major pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetic subjects by triple therapy significantly improved glucose metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic subjects.     

Smoking is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND: Smoking and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction are associated with high mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. This study tested the hypothesis that smoking is associated with insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients who are not treated with insulin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study patients were 22 current smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 57 +/- 5 years, mean +/- SD) and 30 age-matched never-smoked patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (control group, 57 +/- 8 years). The quality of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (F-IRI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The severity of smoking status was expressed by the Brinkman index, which is calculated as number of cigarettes per day multiplied by years of smoking. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart-rate variability, plasma norepinephrine concentration and cardiac (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphic findings. RESULTS: Baroreflex sensitivity was lower in the current smokers group than in the never-smoked group (P < 0.05). Early and delayed (123)I-MIBG myocardial uptake values were lower (P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively) and the percentage washout-rate of (123)I-MIBG was higher (P < 0.0001) in the current smokers group than in the never-smoked group. Fasting immunoreactive insulin (F-IRI) concentration (P < 0.0001) and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index (P < 0.0001) were higher in the current smokers group than the never-smoked group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking was independently predicted by F-IRI and the percentage washout-rate of (123)I-MIBG. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggested that smoking was associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemia and that F-IRI and the percentage washout-rate of (123)I-MIBG were independent predictors of smoking in these Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

二甲双胍对胰岛素抵抗患者血脂和胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的：研究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病合并高血压病患血脂和胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法：将76例2型糖尿病合并高血压病患分为31例治疗组与45例对照组，并与26例2型糖尿病组相比。三组应用格列齐特或格列吡嗪降糖，治疗组加用二甲双胍0．5g,3次／d，治疗组与对照组用卡托普利或依那普利降压。治疗2个月后胰岛素及C肽兴奋试验，测胰岛素、C肽浓度、空腹血糖、血脂，计计算胰岛素敏感指数、C肽与胰岛素面积。治疗前后测体重指数。结果：对照组的胰岛素、C肽浓度及面积与2型糖尿病组相比，上升非常显，胰岛素敏感指数降低25．17％；治疗组的C肽及胰岛素面积上升显，胰岛素敏感指数降低11．31％，总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B降低，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A1上升，治疗组治疗后体重指数下降显。结论：二甲双胍能改善2型糖尿病合并高血压病患的血脂代谢，提高胰岛素敏感性。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原检测的临床应用

目的探讨检测血浆D-二聚体（DD）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平对2型糖尿痛肾病的临床应用价值。方法对已确诊的184例2型糖尿病患者,其中2型糖尿病肾病患者108例,2型糖尿病患者76例,另选65例健康体检者作为对照组,分别测定各组血浆DDFIB的水平。结果DD、FIB的检测水平在糖尿病各组与对照组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01、P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病肾病患者检测血浆DD和FIB水平有早期诊断意义。     

Lispro Mix25 insulin as premeal therapy in type 2 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE: Insulin Mix25 is a new premixed insulin analog containing 25% insulin lispro and 75% neutral protamine lispro (NPL) suspension (NPL insulin). The aim of the study was to compare serum glucose and insulin responses after breakfast in type 2 diabetic patients who received Mix25, premixed regular/NPH (30%/70%), or NPH insulin before the meal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 22 type 2 diabetic patients of age 62 +/- 1 years, BMI 30 +/- 1 kg/m2, duration of diabetes 15 +/- 2 years, duration of insulin therapy 6 +/- 1 years, insulin dose 65 +/- 6 U/day, and HbA1c 7.9 +/- 0.2%. Ten healthy individuals (age 56 +/- 1 years, BMI 28 +/- 1 kg/m2) served as control subjects. Each patient (except healthy subjects, who were studied once each) was studied three times in a double-blind, randomized fashion. After an overnight fast, the patients received 36 +/- 4 U of test insulin. Ten minutes after insulin injection, the patients ingested a breakfast meal (512 kcal, 60% carbohydrate, 20% fat, and 20% protein), identical in all studies. Blood samples were taken before and at 10- to 30-min intervals for 240 min after the breakfast meal. RESULTS: The peak rise in serum glucose was lower after Mix25 (76 +/- 7 mg/dl) than after 30/70 (94 +/- 5 mg/dl, P < 0.05) or NPH (113 +/- 4 mg/dl, P < 0.005) insulin. The incremental area under the serum glucose curve was 36% smaller after Mix25 than after 30/70 (P < 0.01) and 56% smaller than after NPH (P < 0.005) insulin. The peak rise in serum insulin concentration was higher after Mix25 (103 +/- 18 mU/l) than after 30/70 (87 +/- 13 mU/l, P < 0.05) or NPH (62 +/- 12 mU/l, P < 0.01) insulin. The incremental area under the serum insulin curve was higher after Mix25 than after 30/70 during the first 2-3 h (P < 0.02), but the difference disappeared by the end of the 4-h follow-up period. After Mix25 injection, there was an inverse correlation between the glucose response to a meal and insulin dose (r = -0.56, P < 0.01) or the incremental area under the serum insulin curve (r = -0.39, P < 0.05). No such correlations were observed with the other insulins. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its faster initial absorption rate, the new premixed insulin analog Mix25 reduces blood glucose response to a breakfast meal in type 2 diabetic patients compared with premixed 30/70 (regular/NPH) or NPH insulin.     

胰岛素抵抗和动态血压在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的通过检测尿Ⅳ型胶原探讨胰岛素抵抗和动态血压对2型糖尿病肾病的影响。方法 90例2型糖尿病患者根据尿微量白蛋白排泄量分为3组(各30例):糖尿病无肾病组、糖尿病早期肾病组及糖尿病临床肾病组。另选健康体检者34例作为正常对照组。采用ELISA法测定尿Ⅳ型胶原,免疫比浊法测定尿微量白蛋白;并进行胰岛素敏感指数、相关的肾功能指标和24h动态血压监测。结果胰岛素敏感指数在2型糖尿病各组均低于正常对照组(P均<0.05)。24h平均血压、白天和夜间平均血压在糖尿病临床肾病组高于其他3组(P均<0.05)。尿Ⅳ型胶原与胰岛素敏感指数呈负相关,与24h平均舒张压、夜间血压、尿微量白蛋白排泄量、尿β2-微球蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白和尿-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶呈正相关。结论胰岛素抵抗和动态血压通过Ⅳ型胶原影响2型糖尿病肾病的发展。     

小剂量胰岛素对 2 型糖尿病酮症患者血浆 Vaspin 水平的影响简

目的 探讨2型糖尿病酮症（T2DK）患者血浆内脏脂肪组织来源的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Vaspin）水平的变化及小剂量胰岛素对血浆Vaspin水平的影响.方法 选择30例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者、32例T2DK患者及24例正常人（NC组）,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有研究对象血浆Vaspin水平及T2DK患者小剂量胰岛素治疗后血浆Vaspin水平,并分析血浆Vaspin水平与血脂、体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）的关系.结果 与 NC组相比,T2DK组和T2DM组血浆Vaspin水平明显增高,T2DK组又明显高于T2DM（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.T2DK患者血浆Vaspin水平与FBG、HOMA-IR、甘油三酯（TG）、MDA和总胆固醇（TC）呈明显正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、T-AOC、SOD呈明显负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.HOMA-IR 、SOD和MDA是影响T2DK患者血浆Vaspin水平的独立相关因素.T2DK患者经小剂量胰岛素治疗后T-AOC、SOD明显增高,FBG、TG、MDA、Fins、HOMA-IR和Vaspin均显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.结论 小剂量胰岛素能有效改善T2DK患者糖脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗及减轻氧化应激,同时降低其血浆Vaspin水平.     

新诊断的2型糖尿病患者血糖水平与胰岛素分泌及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:比较不同糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的新诊断的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素分泌功能和胰岛素抵抗(IR)情况。方法:将235例新诊断为T2DM的患者按HbA1c水平分为3组,即HbA1c组1(HbA1c≤7.5%)、HbA1c组2(7.5%相似文献   

2型糖尿病糖耐量实验与胰岛素释放实验关系的探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病血糖与胰岛素释放的关系,以及血糖水平对血糖刺激的胰岛素释放的影响.方法 对50例2型糖尿病患者停用口服药24 h后,口服75 g葡萄糖行葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)及胰岛素释放实验(IRT).血糖采用cobas Integra 400 plus全自动生化分析仪测定,胰岛素采用美国Becoman Coulter Access2化学发光仪测定.结果 50例2型糖尿病患者按血糖水平与胰岛素释放的变化方向可分为4组:①A组:血糖水平与胰岛素水平曲线平行,均于1 h达峰值16例.②B组:胰岛素水平峰值延迟9例.③C组:血糖水平与胰岛素水平均于2 h达峰值,峰值延迟19例.④D组:血糖峰值延迟6例.结论 血糖水平与血清胰岛素水平呈负相关,但由于胰岛B细胞的个体差异很大,可以出现不同的分离现象,体现了糖尿病发病的异质性或个体差异性.     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清肌联素与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(nT2DM)患者血清肌联素与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 纳入维吾尔族健康人群89例(对照组)、糖耐量受损(IGT)128例(IGT组)和nT2DM患者111例(nT2DM组)为研究对象,采用酶联免疫法检测血清肌联素的水平.结果 IGT组和nT2DM组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、全身脂肪百分比(FAT％)、腰臀比(WHR)、甘油三酯(TG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、759葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖(2 hPG)、759葡萄糖负荷后2h血浆胰岛素(2 hINS)、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和肌联素均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).IGT组和对照组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)高于nT2 DM组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).IGT组与nT2 DM组在FAT％、总胆固醇(TC)、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、2 hPG、2 hINS、HOMA-IR和肌联素方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).肌联素与年龄、BMI、WHR、HbA1c、FBG、2 hPG、FINS、2 hINS、HOMA-IR呈显著正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与HDL-C呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).多元逐步回归分析提示,2 hPG、2 hINS及HOMA-IR是影响肌联素水平的独立相关因素(β=0.34、0.42、0.90,P＜0.01、0.01、0.05).受试者工作特征(R0C)曲线显示,血清肌联素预测IGT和T2DM的曲线下面积分别为0.72和0.92.结论 T2DM和超重/肥胖人群血清肌联素水平明显升高,肌联素与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,在T2DM、胰岛素抵抗的发生发展中发挥着重要的作用.