Automatic Shape-Based Level Set Segmentation for Needle Tracking in 3-D TRUS-Guided Prostate Brachytherapy

Prostate brachytherapy is an effective treatment for early prostate cancer. The success depends critically on the correct needle implant positions. We have devised an automatic shape-based level set segmentation tool for needle tracking in 3-D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images, which uses the shape information and level set technique to localize the needle position and estimate the endpoint of needle in real-time. The 3-D TRUS images used in the evaluation of our tools were obtained using a 2-D TRUS transducer from Ultrasonix (Richmond, BC, Canada) and a computer-controlled stepper motor system from Thorlabs (Newton, NJ, USA). The accuracy and feedback mechanism had been validated using prostate phantoms and compared with 3-D positions of these needles derived from experts' readings. The experts' segmentation of needles from 3-D computed tomography images was the ground truth in this study. The difference between automatic and expert segmentations are within 0.1 mm for 17 of 19 implanted needles. The mean errors of automatic segmentations by comparing with the ground truth are within 0.25 mm. Our automated method allows real-time TRUS-based needle placement difference within one pixel compared with manual expert segementation.     

A partial augmented reality system with live ultrasound and registered preoperative MRI for guiding robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

We propose an image guidance system for robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). A virtual 3D reconstruction of the surgery scene is displayed underneath the endoscope’s feed on the surgeon’s console. This scene consists of an annotated preoperative Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) registered to intraoperative 3D Trans-rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) as well as real-time sagittal 2D TRUS images of the prostate, 3D models of the prostate, the surgical instrument and the TRUS transducer. We display these components with accurate real-time coordinates with respect to the robot system. Since the scene is rendered from the viewpoint of the endoscope, given correct parameters of the camera, an augmented scene can be overlaid on the video output. The surgeon can rotate the ultrasound transducer and determine the position of the projected axial plane in the MRI using one of the registered da Vinci instruments. This system was tested in the laboratory on custom-made agar prostate phantoms. We achieved an average total registration accuracy of 3.2  ±  1.3 mm. We also report on the successful application of this system in the operating room in 12 patients. The average registration error between the TRUS and the da Vinci system for the last 8 patients was 1.4  ±  0.3 mm and average target registration error of 2.1  ±  0.8 mm, resulting in an in vivo overall robot system to MRI mean registration error of 3.5 mm or less, which is consistent with our laboratory studies.     

Needle deflection estimation: prostate brachytherapy phantom experiments

Purpose

The performance of a fusion-based needle deflection estimation method was experimentally evaluated using prostate brachytherapy phantoms. The accuracy of the needle deflection estimation was determined. The robustness of the approach with variations in needle insertion speed and soft tissue biomechanical properties was investigated.

Methods

A needle deflection estimation method was developed to determine the amount of needle bending during insertion into deformable tissue by combining a kinematic deflection model with measurements taken from two electromagnetic trackers placed at the tip and the base of the needle. Experimental verification of this method for use in prostate brachytherapy needle insertion procedures was performed. A total of 21 beveled tip, 18 ga, 200 mm needles were manually inserted at various speeds through a template and toward different targets distributed within 3 soft tissue mimicking polyvinyl chloride prostate phantoms of varying stiffness. The tracked positions of both the needle tip and base were recorded, and Kalman filters were applied to fuse the sensory information. The estimation results were validated using ground truth obtained from fluoroscopy images.

Results

The manual insertion speed ranged from 8 to 34 mm/s, needle deflection ranged from 5 to 8 mm at an insertion depth of 76 mm, and the elastic modulus of the soft tissue ranged from 50 to 150 kPa. The accuracy and robustness of the estimation method were verified within these ranges. When compared to purely model-based estimation, we observed a reduction in needle tip position estimation error by \(52\pm 17\)  % (mean  \(\pm \)  SD) and the cumulative deflection error by \(57\pm 19\)  %.

Conclusions

Fusion of electromagnetic sensors demonstrated significant improvement in estimating needle deflection compared to model-based methods. The method has potential clinical applicability in the guidance of needle placement medical interventions, particularly prostate brachytherapy.     

Toward adaptive stereotactic robotic brachytherapy for prostate cancer: Demonstration of an adaptive workflow incorporating inverse planning and an MR stealth robot

Abstract

To translate any robot into a clinical environment, it is critical that the robot can seamlessly integrate with all the technology of a modern clinic. MRBot, an MR-stealth brachytherapy delivery device, was used in a closed-bore 3T MRI and a clinical brachytherapy cone beam CT suite. Targets included ceramic dummy seeds, MR-Spectroscopy-sensitive metabolite, and a prostate phantom. Acquired DICOM images were exported to planning software to register the robot coordinates in the imager's frame, contour and verify target locations, create dose plans, and export needle and seed positions to the robot. The coordination of each system element (imaging device, brachytherapy planning system, robot control, robot) was validated with a seed delivery accuracy of within 2 mm in both a phantom and soft tissue. An adaptive workflow was demonstrated by acquiring images after needle insertion and prior to seed deposition. This allows for adjustment if the needle is in the wrong position. Inverse planning (IPSA) was used to generate a seed placement plan and coordinates for ten needles and 29 seeds were transferred to the robot. After every two needles placed, an image was acquired. The placed seeds were identified and validated prior to placing the seeds in the next two needles. The ability to robotically deliver seeds to locations determined by IPSA and the ability of the system to incorporate novel needle patterns were demonstrated. Shown here is the ability to overcome this critical step. An adaptive brachytherapy workflow is demonstrated which integrates a clinical anatomy-based seed location optimization engine and a robotic brachytherapy device. Demonstration of this workflow is a key element of a successful translation to the clinic of the MRI stealth robotic delivery system, MRBot.     

3D prostate model formation from non-parallel 2D ultrasound biopsy images

Biopsy of the prostate using 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance is the current gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer; however, the current procedure is limited by using 2D biopsy tools to target 3D biopsy locations. We propose a technique for patient-specific 3D prostate model reconstruction from a sparse collection of non-parallel 2D TRUS biopsy images. Our method conforms to the restrictions of current TRUS biopsy equipment and could be efficiently incorporated into current clinical biopsy procedures for needle guidance without the need for expensive hardware additions. In this paper, the model reconstruction technique is evaluated using simulated biopsy images from 3D TRUS prostate images of 10 biopsy patients. All reconstructed models are compared to their corresponding 3D manually segmented prostate models for evaluation of prostate volume accuracy and surface errors (both regional and global). The number of 2D TRUS biopsy images used for prostate modeling was varied to determine the optimal number of images necessary for accurate prostate surface estimation.     

Intra-operative 3D guidance and edema detection in prostate brachytherapy using a non-isocentric C-arm

PurposeBrachytherapy (radioactive seed insertion) has emerged as one of the most effective treatment options for patients with prostate cancer, with the added benefit of a convenient outpatient procedure. The main limitation in contemporary brachytherapy is faulty seed placement, predominantly due to the presence of intra-operative edema (tissue expansion). Though currently not available, the capability to intra-operatively monitor the seed distribution, can make a significant improvement in cancer control. We present such a system here.MethodsIntra-operative measurement of edema in prostate brachytherapy requires localization of inserted radioactive seeds relative to the prostate. Seeds were reconstructed using a typical non-isocentric C-arm, and exported to a commercial brachytherapy treatment planning system. Technical obstacles for 3D reconstruction on a non-isocentric C-arm include pose-dependent C-arm calibration; distortion correction; pose estimation of C-arm images; seed reconstruction; and C-arm to TRUS registration.ResultsIn precision-machined hard phantoms with 40–100 seeds and soft tissue phantoms with 45–87 seeds, we correctly reconstructed the seed implant shape with an average 3D precision of 0.35 mm and 0.24 mm, respectively. In a DoD Phase-1 clinical trial on six patients with 48–82 planned seeds, we achieved intra-operative monitoring of seed distribution and dosimetry, correcting for dose inhomogeneities by inserting an average of over four additional seeds in the six enrolled patients (minimum 1; maximum 9). Additionally, in each patient, the system automatically detected intra-operative seed migration induced due to edema (mean 3.84 mm, STD 2.13 mm, Max 16.19 mm).ConclusionsThe proposed system is the first of a kind that makes intra-operative detection of edema (and subsequent re-optimization) possible on any typical non-isocentric C-arm, at negligible additional cost to the existing clinical installation. It achieves a significantly more homogeneous seed distribution, and has the potential to affect a paradigm shift in clinical practice. Large scale studies and commercialization are currently underway.     

Contrast-Specific Spherical Lesion Phantoms and Ancillary Analysis Software for the Objective Evaluation of Transrectal Ultrasound System Contrast Detectability

Brachytherapy is an efficacious treatment option because of its benefits for patient recovery, dose localization and conformity, but these favorable outcomes can be ensured only if the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) system is optimized for the specific application of ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy. The ability to delineate the prostate from surrounding tissue during TRUS-guided prostate brachytherapy is vital for treatment planning, and consequently, so is the contrast resolution. This study describes the development of task-specific contrast-detail phantoms with clinically relevant contrast and spherical target sizes for contrast-detail performance evaluation of TRUS systems used in the brachytherapy procedure. The procedure for objective assessment of the contrast detectability of the TRUS systems is also described; a program was developed in MATLAB (R2017a, The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) to quantitatively analyze image quality in terms of the lesion signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR) and validated with representative control test images. The LSNR of the Hitachi EUB-7500A (2013, Hitachi, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) TRUS system was measured on sagittal and transverse TRUS images of the contrast-detail phantoms described in this work. Results revealed the efficacy of the device as an image quality evaluation tool and the impact of the size, depth and relative contrast of the targets to the surrounding tissue on the contrast detectability of a TRUS system for both transducer arrays. The MATLAB program objectively measured the contrast detectability of the TRUS system and has the potential to determine optimized imaging parameters that could be designed as part of standardization of the imaging protocol used in TRUS-guided prostate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.     

Learning Non-rigid Deformations for Robust,Constrained Point-based Registration in Image-Guided MR-TRUS Prostate Intervention

Accurate and robust non-rigid registration of pre-procedure magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to intra-procedure trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) is critical for image-guided biopsies of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. TRUS-guided biopsy is the current clinical standard for prostate cancer diagnosis and assessment. State-of-the-art, clinical MR-TRUS image fusion relies upon semi-automated segmentations of the prostate in both the MR and the TRUS images to perform non-rigid surface-based registration of the gland. Segmentation of the prostate in TRUS imaging is itself a challenging task and prone to high variability. These segmentation errors can lead to poor registration and subsequently poor localization of biopsy targets, which may result in false-negative cancer detection. In this paper, we present a non-rigid surface registration approach to MR-TRUS fusion based on a statistical deformation model (SDM) of intra-procedural deformations derived from clinical training data. Synthetic validation experiments quantifying registration volume of interest overlaps of the PI-RADS parcellation standard and tests using clinical landmark data demonstrate that our use of an SDM for registration, with median target registration error of 2.98 mm, is significantly more accurate than the current clinical method. Furthermore, we show that the low-dimensional SDM registration results are robust to segmentation errors that are not uncommon in clinical TRUS data.     

Three-dimensional ultrasound-guided core needle breast biopsy

A new core needle breast biopsy system guided by 3-D ultrasound (US) is proposed. Our device provides rapid imaging and real-time guidance, as well as breast stabilization and a needle guidance apparatus using 3-D imaging. The targeting accuracy of our device was tested by inserting a 14-gauge biopsy needle into agar phantoms under 3-D US guidance. A total of 18 0.8-mm stainless-steel beads embedded in the phantoms defined each of the four target positions tested. Positioning accuracy was calculated by comparing needle tip position to the preinsertion bead position, as measured by three observers three times each on 3-D US. The interobserver standard error of measurement was no more than 0.14 mm for the beads and 0.27 mm for the needle tips. A 3-D principal component analysis was performed to obtain the population distribution of needle tip position relative to the target beads for the four target positions. The 3-D 95% confidence intervals were found to have total widths ranging from 0.43 to 1.71 mm, depending on direction and bead position.     

Preclinical evaluation of an MRI-compatible pneumatic robot for angulated needle placement in transperineal prostate interventions

Purpose

To evaluate the targeting accuracy of a small profile MRI-compatible pneumatic robot for needle placement that can angulate a needle insertion path into a large accessible target volume.

Methods

We extended our MRI-compatible pneumatic robot for needle placement to utilize its four degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) mechanism with two parallel triangular structures and support transperineal prostate biopsies in a closed-bore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The robot is designed to guide a needle toward a lesion so that a radiologist can manually insert it in the bore. The robot is integrated with navigation software that allows an operator to plan angulated needle insertion by selecting a target and an entry point. The targeting error was evaluated while the angle between the needle insertion path and the static magnetic field was between ?5.7° and 5.7° horizontally and between ?5.7° and 4.3° vertically in the MRI scanner after sterilizing and draping the device.

Results

The robot positioned the needle for angulated insertion as specified on the navigation software with overall targeting error of 0.8 ± 0.5mm along the horizontal axis and 0.8 ± 0.8mm along the vertical axis. The two-dimensional root-mean-square targeting error on the axial slices as containing the targets was 1.4mm.

Conclusions

Our preclinical evaluation demonstrated that the MRI-compatible pneumatic robot for needle placement with the capability to angulate the needle insertion path provides targeting accuracy feasible for clinical MRI-guided prostate interventions. The clinical feasibility has to be established in a clinical study.     

Phase Grouping-Based Needle Segmentation in 3-D Trans-rectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Trans-perineal Therapy

A robust and efficient needle segmentation method used to localize and track the needle in 3-D trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate therapy is proposed. The algorithmic procedure begins by cropping the 3-D US image containing a needle; then all voxels in the cropped 3-D image are grouped into different line support regions (LSRs) based on the outer product of the adjacent voxels' gradient vector. Two different needle axis extraction methods in the candidate LSR are presented: least-squares fitting and 3-D randomized Hough transform. Subsequent local optimization refines the position of the needle axis. Finally, the needle endpoint is localized by finding an intensity drop along the needle axis. The proposed methods were validated with 3-D TRUS tissue-mimicking agar phantom images, chicken breast phantom images and patient images obtained during prostate cryotherapy. The results of the in vivo test indicate that our method can localize the needle accurately and robustly with a needle endpoint localization accuracy <1.43 mm and detection accuracy >84%, which are favorable for 3-D TRUS-guided prostate trans-perineal therapy.     

Image Registration Accuracy of a 3‐Dimensional Transrectal Ultrasound–Guided Prostate Biopsy System

Objective. For a follow‐up prostate biopsy procedure, it is useful to know the previous biopsy locations in anatomic relation to the current transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) scan. The goal of this study was to validate the performance of a 3‐dimensional TRUS‐guided prostate biopsy system that can accurately relocate previous biopsy sites. Methods. To correlate biopsy locations from a sequence of visits by a patient, the prostate surface data obtained from a previous visit needs to be registered to the follow‐up visits. Two interpolation methods, thin‐plate spline (TPS) and elastic warping (EW), were tested for registration of the TRUS prostate image to follow‐up scans. We validated our biopsy system using a custom‐built phantom. Beads were embedded inside the phantom and were located in each TRUS scan. We recorded the locations of the beads before and after pressures were applied to the phantom and then compared them with computer‐estimated positions to measure performance. Results. In our experiments, before system processing, the mean target registration error (TRE) ± SD was 6.4 ± 4.5 mm (range, 3–13 mm). After registration and TPS interpolation, the TRE was 5.0 ± 1.03 mm (range, 2–8 mm). After registration and EW interpolation, the TRE was 2.7 ± 0.99 mm (range, 1–4 mm). Elastic warping was significantly better than the TPS in most cases (P < .0011). For clinical applications, EW can be implemented on a graphics processing unit with an execution time of less than 2.5 seconds. Conclusions. Elastic warping interpolation yields more accurate results than the TPS for registration of TRUS prostate images. Experimental results indicate potential for clinical application of this method.     

A 5-MHz cylindrical dual-layer transducer array for 3-D transrectal ultrasound imaging

Two-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is being used in guiding prostate biopsies and treatments. In many cases, the TRUS probes are moved manually or mechanically to acquire volumetric information, making the imaging slow, user dependent, and unreliable. A real-time three-dimensional (3-D) TRUS system could improve reliability and volume rates of imaging during these procedures. In this article, the authors present a 5-MHz cylindrical dual-layer transducer array capable of real-time 3-D transrectal ultrasound without any mechanically moving parts. Compared with fully sampled 2-D arrays, this design substantially reduces the channel count and fabrication complexity. This dual-layer transducer uses PZT elements for transmit and P[VDF-TrFE] copolymer elements for receive, respectively. The mechanical flexibility of both diced PZT and copolymer makes it practical for transrectal applications. Full synthetic aperture 3-D data sets were acquired by interfacing the transducer with a Verasonics Data Acquisition System. Offline 3-D beamforming was then performed to obtain volumes of two wire phantoms and a cyst phantom. Generalized coherence factor was applied to improve the contrast of images. The measured -6-dB fractional bandwidth of the transducer was 62% with a center frequency of 5.66 MHz. The measured lateral beamwidths were 1.28 mm and 0.91 mm in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, compared with a simulated beamwidth of 0.92 mm and 0.74 mm.     

经直肠实时组织弹性成像联合峰值应变指数靶向穿刺活检诊断外周带前列腺癌的价值

目的 探讨经直肠实时组织弹性成像（TRTE）联合峰值应变指数（PSI）靶向穿刺活检诊断外周带前列腺癌的应用价值。方法 选取于我院就诊的127例疑似外周带前列腺癌患者,均行经直肠超声（TRUS）和TRTE检查,计算PSI;然后行TRUS系统穿刺活检、TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检,根据手术病理结果分为前列腺癌组92例和良性病变组35例,比较两组PSI和各临床资料的差异;比较TRUS系统穿刺活检与TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检对外周带前列腺癌的检出率及穿刺点阳性率;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检对外周带前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果 前列腺癌组PSI、血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）均高于良性病变组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。92例外周带前列腺癌患者中,TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺活检诊断85例,TRUS系统穿刺活检诊断78例,二者对外周带前列腺癌的检出率比较（66.9%vs. 61.4%）,差异无统计学意义。127例患者共穿刺1524针,其中TRUS系统穿刺1270针,TRTE联合PSI靶向穿刺254针,二者穿刺点阳性率比较（17.9%vs....     

Mapping of Transrectal Ultrasonographic Prostate Biopsies

Objective. Mapping of transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) prostate biopsies is of fundamental importance for either diagnostic purposes or the management and treatment of prostate cancer, but the localization of the cores seems inaccurate. Our objective was to evaluate the capacities of an operator to plan transrectal prostate biopsies under 2‐dimensional TRUS guidance using a registration algorithm to represent the localization of biopsies in a reference 3‐dimensional ultrasonographic volume. Methods. Thirty‐two patients underwent a series of 12 prostate biopsies under local anesthesia performed by 1 operator using a TRUS probe combined with specific third‐party software to verify that the biopsies were indeed conducted within the planned targets. Results. The operator reached 71% of the planned targets with substantial variability that depended on their localization (100% success rate for targets in the middle and right parasagittal parts versus 53% for targets in the left lateral base). Feedback from this system after each series of biopsies enabled the operator to significantly improve his dexterity over the course of time (first 16 patients: median score, 7 of 10 and cumulated median biopsy length in targets of 90 mm; last 16 patients, median score, 9 of 10 and a cumulated median length of 121 mm; P = .046). Conclusions. In addition to being a useful tool to improve the distribution of prostate biopsies, the potential of this system is above all the preparation of a detailed “map” of each patient showing biopsy zones without substantial changes in routine clinical practices.     

Localization of needle tip with color doppler during pericardiocentesis: In vitro validation and initial clinical application.

This study evaluates a new device that uses color Doppler ultrasonography to enable real-time image guidance of the aspirating needle, which has not been possible until now. The ColorMark device (EchoCath Inc, Princeton, NJ) induces high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations in the needle to enable localization with color Doppler. We studied this technique in 25 consecutive patients undergoing pericardiocentesis, and in vitro, in a urethane phantom with which the accuracy of color Doppler localization of the needle tip was compared with that obtained by direct measurement. Tip localization was excellent in vitro; errors axial to the ultrasound beam (velocity Doppler -0.13 +/- 0.90 mm, power Doppler -0.05 +/- 1.7 mm) were less than lateral errors (velocity -0.36 +/- 1.8 mm, power -0.02 +/- 2.8 mm). In 18 of 25 patients, the needle was identified and guided into the pericardial space with the ColorMark technique, and it allowed successful, uncomplicated drainage of fluid. Initial failures were the result of incorrect settings on the echocardiographic machine and inappropriate combinations of the needle puncture site and imaging window. This study demonstrates a novel color Doppler technique that is highly accurate at localizing a needle tip. The technique is feasible for guiding pericardiocentesis. Further clinical validation of this technique is required.     

磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺联合系统穿刺对血清前列腺特异性抗原水平4~20 ng/mL患者的前列腺癌诊断有效性

  目的  评价磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺（CFTB）联合经直肠超声引导下系统穿刺（SB）与单纯经直肠超声引导下SB对前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在4~20 ng/mL水平患者的前列腺癌诊断的有效价值。  方法  选取我院接收的血清PSA水平4~20 ng/mL且首次经历经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的337例患者,按穿刺活检前是否行MRI检查,将患者分为CFTB+SB组（n=177）和单纯行SB组（n=160）。比较两组患者穿刺阳性率、单针阳性率、临床显著性前列腺癌（CSPCa）及临床非显著性前列腺癌的检出率。  结果  CFTB+SB组患者穿刺阳性率、单针阳性率和CSPCa检出率均高于单纯行SB的患者（40.1% vs 26.3%;17.5% vs 10.3%;38.4% vs 20.6%,P < 0.05）,而临床非显著性前列腺癌检出率低于SB组患者（1.7% vs 5.6%,P < 0.05）;对CFTB+SB组内CFTB+SB与仅行CFTB的CSPCa检出率一致性比较显示:CFTB+SB与仅行CFTB对CSPCa检出有较高的一致性（Kappa=0.860）,CFTB+SB的CSPCa检出率高于仅行CFTB（40.1% vs 36.1%,P < 0.05）。  结论  磁共振—经直肠超声认知融合引导下前列腺靶向穿刺联合系统穿刺法对血清PSA在4~20 ng/mL水平的临床可疑前列腺癌患者有较高的临床诊断价值。      

经直肠超声引导下徒手经会阴前列腺穿刺在前列腺病变中的应用

目的探讨在经直肠前列腺超声引导下徒手对前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺良恶性病变中的临床价值。方法选取2019年2月~2020年1月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院南区就诊的临床疑似前列腺癌并行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检患者62例,依最终病理结果分为2组:前列腺癌组,共25例,男性,年龄55~82岁;前列腺良性病变组,共37例,男性,年龄54~83岁。经直肠超声分别观察记录两组前列腺大小、内部回声及有无异常回声、回声大小范围,并按部位系统穿刺及目标靶向性穿刺,对比分析两组间临床资料以及前列腺病变特征。结果前列腺癌组病理类型均为前列腺腺癌（包括腺泡癌）,良性病变组患者病理提示正常前列腺组织、腺体及间质增生、肌肉以及纤维组织。前列腺癌组穿刺取得组织中共145条病理结果为前列腺癌,108条（75%）位于前列腺周缘区穿刺点,癌组织占比标本组织长度大于50%的有81条（56%）。经直肠超声共发现52个异常回声,均穿刺取得病理,对比分析发现不同大小的低回声其病理成分不同,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺对前列腺周缘区有优势性并可对可疑病变区域直观准确的目标性穿刺,对于前列腺良恶性病变的诊断具有重要意义。      

超声、磁共振动态增强扫描联合PSA检测在前列腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 观察经直肠超声（TRUS）、磁共振动态增强扫描（DCE-MRI）联合血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测在前列腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取2019年1月～2022年10月我院收治的前列腺肿瘤患者102例,对所有入选患者行TRUS及DCE-MRI检查,以穿刺活检诊断结果为金标准,观察良恶性前列腺肿瘤患者的血清PSA水平,并比较TRUS、DCEMRI、PSA以及三者联合诊断对前列腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别的价值。结果 102例前列腺肿瘤患者中,经穿刺活检发现38例为恶性肿瘤,64例为良性肿瘤。采用TRUS鉴别前列腺肿瘤良恶性的敏感度、特异性及准确性分别为63.16%、76.56%及71.57%,DCEMRI检查为73.68%、78.13%及76.47%,PSA检测为89.47%、70.31%及76.47%,且经穿刺活检诊断为恶性前列腺肿瘤的患者,PSA水平及DCE-MRI检查参数值均高于良性肿瘤患者（P<0.05）。三者联合检测的敏感度及准确性分别为97.37%、88.24%,高于单一检查方法（P<0.05）。结论 恶性前列腺肿瘤患者与良性患者相比,其血清PSA水平更...