胆汁中CEA浓度测定在大肠癌肝转移诊断中的意义

背景与目的:外周血癌胚抗原(CEA)测定目前主要用于大肠癌术后随访.近年来有研究提示胆汁CEA检测对诊断大肠癌隐匿性肝转移有一定的价值.本研究通过检测大肠癌患者外周血及胆汁中CEA的浓度,并分析胆汁CEA浓度变化情况与肝转移之间的关系,以探讨胆汁中CEA浓度在大肠癌肝转移患者诊断中的意义.方法:2007年3月-2008年2月间收集原发性大肠癌患者27例(原发组),大肠癌肝转移患者14例(肝转移组),分别测量外周血及胆汁中CEA浓度;检测20例良性胆囊疾病患者胆汁CEA浓度作为对照组.结果:对照组、原发组和肝转移组胆汁CEA浓度分别为1.73、13.7和314.27 ng/ml,差异有显著性(P<0.05),以肝转移组最高.肝转移组胆汁中CEA显著高于外周血(314.27 ng/ml比43.51 ng/ml).肝转移组中胆汁CEA浓度与肝转移灶数目及大小有一定的关系. 结论:已确诊的大肠癌肝转移患者胆汁中CEA浓度显著升高, 胆汁CEA浓度测定可能对隐匿性大肠癌肝转移有诊断价值.     

胆囊胆汁癌胚抗原诊断大肠癌肝转移的临床意义

目的　探讨胆囊胆汁癌胚抗原 (CEA)值诊断大肠癌肝转移的临床价值。方法　应用竞争放射免疫分析法共测定胆囊胆汁及同期血清CEA值 75例。共分为三组 :A组 (大肠癌组 ) 34例、B组 (术后肝转移组 ) 11例、C组 (良性疾病组 )为对照组 30例。胆汁标本于术中细针穿刺胆囊抽取 5ml ,血清标本于术晨采集静脉血 2ml。结果　胆汁CEA测定结果 :A组均值 ( 173 2± 2 5)ng ml;B组均值 ( 752± 117)ng ml;C组均值 ( 4 1 3± 2 8)ng ml。经统计学处理 ,A、B与C组比较有显著性差异P <0 0 1,A与B组比较有显著性差异P <0 0 1。血清CEA测定结果 :A组均值 ( 17 3± 2 7)ng ml;B组均值 ( 19 5± 4 3)ng ml ;C组均值 ( 11 3± 1 4 )ng ml。经统计学处理 ,A、B与C组比较有明显差异P <0 0 5。A与B组比较无明显差异P >0 0 5。结论　胆囊胆汁CEA值 >640ng ml时对诊断大肠癌肝转移有一定临床意义。     

癌胚抗原检测在大肠癌肝转移早期诊断中的意义

癌胚抗原（CEA）在诊断大肠癌隐匿性肝转移方面有一定的价值。肝转移患者的胆汁CEA浓度有明显升高。检测胆汁CEA浓度,特别是在原发灶被切除一段时间后,对于预测微小肝转移灶（〈1cm）有一定价值。门静脉及肠系膜血CEA浓度明显高于外周血,但其与肝转移的关系却未得到一致认可。外周血CEA升高提示预后不佳,但早期诊断价值低于胆汁CEA。     

大肠癌肝转移切除并术中门静脉置灌注泵治疗体会

大肠癌肝转移发生率较高 ,积极治疗大肠癌肝转移 ,是提高大肠癌远期生存率的重要因素之一。我院自 1997年对大肠癌肝转移手术切除并行术中门静脉置灌注泵化疗的患者 10例 ,随访至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,取得一定效果 ,现结合文献加以讨论。1　临床资料1 1　对象　本组 10例 ,男性 6例 ,女性 4例 ;年龄最大 6 7岁 ,最小 4 2岁 ,平均年龄 5 3岁 ;右半结肠癌2例 ,横结肠癌 2例 ,乙状结肠癌 4例 ,上段直肠癌 2例。本组中术前CEA增高 8例 (6 8～ 12 6ng/ml) ,其中 2例为同时性肝转移者。术前诊断肝转移 9例 ,术中诊断肝转移 1例。一期切除原发大肠癌…     

胃液癌胚抗原含量对胃癌的诊断意义

用放射免疫法测定145例胃病患者的胃液和血清癌胚抗原(CEA)。61例良性胃病的胃液和血清CEA含量,均数分别为47.81ng/ml和13.39ng/ml;84例胃癌的胃液和血清CEA含量,均数分别为1,291.62ng/ml和39.32ng/m1。84例中76例(91.7％)胃癌的胃液CEA显著增高,血清CEA水平在84例胃癌病人中仅有32例(38％)升高。结果表明,胃液中cEA测定的明显增值是胃癌辅助诊断的标准之一。     

大肠癌伴肝转移患者的预后因素

目的探讨影响大肠癌伴肝转移患者预后的因素.方法1995年5月-1999年12月间本院外科手术治疗的64例大肠癌伴肝转移患者,部分患者全身化疗或肝动脉插管化疗,并对其临床资料进行统计分析.结果本组大肠癌肝转移患者占大肠癌患者10.2%.肝转移灶大小、术前CEA水平、原发灶切除、辅助治疗方式为影响生存的独立的预后因素.年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、分化程度、肝转移灶数目与预后无关.肝转移灶＞5cm、术前CEA＞100μg/ml、原发灶未切除的患者的生存时间(3.52月)显著低于其他患者(21.60月).结论治疗方式对肠癌肝转移患者预后影响显著,应积极切除原发灶、治疗转移灶.肝动脉插管化疗优于全身化疗.肝转移灶大小、术前CEA水平是重要的预后指标.     

血清癌胚抗原(CEA)值增高与大肠癌的诊断、预后和复发的关系

本文对196例大肠癌患者进行了血清CEA值测定,采用放免法中的非提取法。正常对照组共测50例,测得的CEA均值为11.026,均值±两个标准差,其正常范围值为11.026±3.994,正常值定为15ng/ml以下。结果表明肿瘤越大CEA均值越高;随着Dukes分期的增加而明显增高;有肝转移者及有淋巴结转移者CEA均值明显升高,肝转移病人的CEA均值升高甚于淋巴结转移的病     

大肠癌患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-7含量的临床意义

目的:评估大肠癌患者血清MMP-7含量及其临床意义.方法:术前应用免疫酶联反应技术对50例大肠癌患者以及36例健康对照者的血清MMP-7含量进行检测,同时也检测这些患者血清CEA、CA19-9以及CA24-2含量.将大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7及其它肿瘤标志物的含量与健康对照者进行了比较.对不同临床病理分期的大肠癌患者血清MMP-7含量进行评估.结果:研究发现多数大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7含量升高.大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7含量,分布范围0.72-28.69ng/ml(平均4.41ng/ml;中位4.19ng/ml),显著高于健康对照者,分布范围0.69-3.97ng/ml(平均1.62ng/ml;中位1.36ng/ml)(P<0.01).大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7平均阳性率(46%)与CEA(30%),CA19-9(26%)及CA24-2(24%)相比均升高(P<0.05).进展期肿瘤患者血清MMP-7含量显著高于早期肿瘤患者(P<0.05).结论:血清MMP-7有可能成为大肠癌患者临床监测标志物.     

大肠癌患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-7含量的临床意义

目的：评估大肠癌患者血清MMP-7含量及其临床意义.方法：术前应用免疫酶联反应技术对50例大肠癌患者以及36例健康对照者的血清MMP-7含量进行检测,同时也检测这些患者血清CEA、CA19-9以及CA24-2含量.将大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7及其它肿瘤标志物的含量与健康对照者进行了比较.对不同临床病理分期的大肠癌患者血清MMP-7含量进行评估.结果：研究发现多数大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7含量升高.大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7含量,分布范围0.72-28.69ng/ml（平均4.41ng/ml;中位4.19ng/ml）,显著高于健康对照者,分布范围0.69-3.97ng/ml（平均1.62ng/ml;中位1.36ng/ml）（P〈0.01）.大肠癌患者的血清MMP-7平均阳性率（46%）与CEA（30%）,CA19-9（26%）及CA24-2（24%）相比均升高（P〈0.05）.进展期肿瘤患者血清MMP-7含量显著高于早期肿瘤患者（P〈0.05）.结论：血清MMP-7有可能成为大肠癌患者临床监测标志物.     

肺癌患者血液中Hsp90α的表达

目的:探讨血清热休克蛋白Hsp90α 在肺癌患者血液中的表达情况.方法:统计分析94例肺癌患者和20例正常查体人群的血液Hsp90α 测量值,自身对比分析与血清CEA、NSE和CY211的一致性.结果:94例肺癌患者,Hsp90α、CEA、NSE和CY211阳性率分别为42.6%、29.8%、21.3%和38.3%;CEA、NSE和CY211联合诊断阳性率46.8%;Hsp90α、CEA、NSE和CY211联合诊断阳性率68.1%;Hsp90α、CEA、NSE和CY211血清含量分别为(110±116) ng/ml(14~551 ng/ml,中位数64 ng/ml)、(19±23) ng/ml(1.3~81 ng/ml,中位数13 ng/ml)、(17±30) ng/ml(1.6~159 ng/ml,中位数6.9 ng/ml)和(12±19) ng/ml(1.1~102 ng/ml,中位数4.2 ng/ml).采用Kappa方法比较Hsp90α 和CEA、NSE及CY211的一致性,Kappa值分别为0.5、0.58和0.6,按照0.75标准,一致性不满意.结论:热休克蛋白Hsp90α 在肺癌患者血清中有较高的表达,阳性率高于CEA、NSE和CY211,和其无明确相关性,联合诊断可进一步提高灵敏度,值得深入研究.     

Comparison of carcinoembryonic antigen levels between portal and peripheral blood in patients with colorectal cancer. Correlation with histopathologic variables

Correlation between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of peripheral and portal blood, and eight histopathologic variables, was examined in 66 patients with colorectal cancer. The change in CEA levels in the portal blood of 40 patients during operation was also examined in relation to histopathologic variables. CEA levels of portal blood (with a mean of 26.6 ng/ml and positive rate greater than 5 ng/ml, 59.1%) were significantly higher than those of peripheral blood (8.1 ng/ml, 33.3%). Elevation of CEA levels in portal and peripheral blood was most highly correlated with the venous invasion. Although the levels in the portal blood were related to six other histopathologic variables including tumor size, tumor differentiation, node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, invasive layer of the colorectal wall, and Dukes' classification except tumor location. CEA levels rose from 19.4 ng/ml and 40% to 43.6 ng/ml and 90.2% respectively following operative stimuli to cancer lesions with venous invasion. However, the levels did not rise in the lesions without the invasion. CEA levels of peripheral blood were as low as 5 ng/ml in three out of eight patients with liver metastasis. However, the levels in portal blood were much greater than 5 ng/ml in all of the patients. These results suggest that CEA may be hematogenously drained by the portal system via the draining vein from the cancer cells in the invasive veins but not by the thoracic duct of the lymphatic system.     

检测十二指肠胆汁癌胚抗原对诊断大肠癌肝转移的价值

目的 探讨十二指肠胆汁癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）水平对诊断大肠癌肝转移的意义。方法 Ａ组３０例,为非肿瘤患者,Ｂ组３０例,为大肠癌患者;Ｃ组１５例,为大肠癌合并肝转移患者,所有患者空腹抽取前壁静脉血,同时经鼻十二指肠引流管取十二指肠胆汁,用宝林曼公司提供的试剂盒测定ＣＥＡ值。     

Cholestasis and hepatic metastases: a factor contributing to extreme elevations of carcinoembryonic antigen

Records of 19 autopsied patients with metastatic carcinoma were studied to elucidate the contribution to the elevation of antemortem plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (range, 5.9--136,000 ng/ml) of 1) liver pathology and dysfunction, 2) tumor morphology and CEA content, and 3) tumor spread and location. Liver function tests and plasma CEA recorded within 8 weeks of death, autopsy records of tumor spread, liver weight (as an index of liver tumor mass), and histologic sections were reviewed. Tissue CEA was demonstrated in 15 patients by an immunoperoxidase method. Cholestasis was seen in histologic sections of tissue from 8 of 10 patients, and elevated bilirubin was seen in 7 of 10 patients with hepatic metastases and CEA levels greater than 1,000 ng/ml In contrast, histologically observed cholestasis and elevated bilirubin were seen in only 1 of 8 patients with CEA less than 500 ng/ml. A significant correlation was found between the plasma CEA level and histologically observed cholestasis (P less than 0.01). Serum bilirubin also correlated significantly (P less than 0.01), but alkaline phosphatase did not. Liver weight (tumor mass) showed a positive correlation with cholestasis (P less than 0.01) but not with circulating CEA. Markedly elevated plasma CEA levels (greater than 1,000 ng/ml) seen preterminally may partially reflect impaired excretion of CEA by the hepatobiliary system rather than, or in addition to, preterminal increase in CEA-producing tumor.     

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen in metastatic colorectal cancer patients

Peripheral blood leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in 26 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were compared to those in 30 healthy controls. Patients had metastases to the liver and abdomen. The mean leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score in the metastatic colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than in the control group (246 +/- 65 vs, 52 +/- 26, p less than 0.001); and the mean carcinoembryonic antigen level in the patients was also significantly higher than in the controls (110 +/- 100 vs, 4.9 +/- 3 ng/ml, p less than 0.001). One hundred percent of the metastatic cancer patients had elevated LAP scores and 73% of these patients had elevated CEA levels. There was a difference between the mean CEA levels in the patients with liver metastases and those with abdominal metastases (162 +/- 135 vs, 39 +/- 53 ng/ml, p less than 0.04). The results suggest that although both markers were elevated in metastatic colorectal cancer, the LAP score seems to be more useful in detecting metastatic disease, since we found 11% false negatives with the CEA level and 0% false negatives with the LAP score.     

Detection of occult liver metastases in colorectal cancer by measurement of biliary carcinoembryonic antigen concentration: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that bile CEA levels could be a sensitive index for the detection of occult liver metastases (LM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the potential value of biliary CEA assay in the early detection of occult LM from CRC. METHODS: From 1995 to 1999 biliary and blood CEA levels were determined in three groups of patients undergoing surgery; Group 1 (n = 35) patients with LM from CRC; Group 2 (n = 154) patients with CRC without LM; Group 3 (n = 23) was the control group. RESULTS: Biliary and serum CEA levels were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002) and in group 2 than in group 1 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005). With a follow-up of 36 months (group 2), 22 patients (14%) developed LM. For 59 patients, the bile CEA level during laparotomy was less than 5 ng/ml and for 95 patients this level was more than 5 ng/ml, 4 and 18 patients respectively developed metachronous LM; we found a difference (P = 0.03) between these two subgroups. When this analysis was performed with regard to the stage of the tumor, we found no difference for the node negative cancer (n = 79) subgroup (P = 0.6), but we found a significant difference for the node positive cancer (n = 75) subgroup (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that biliary CEA concentrations at the time of resection of the primary tumor cannot be used to identify patients with occult LM in the node-negative CCR subgroup. However, patients with node-positive CCR and bile CEA level under 5 ng/ml developed LM in only 3% of cases; it might be therefore, possible to use that as a discriminant in situations where the risk of LM is small.     

Colorectal cancer patients with high risk of hematogenous metastasis: correlation with CEA levels in peripheral and draining venous blood during the period of operation

Correlations between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of peripheral (p) and draining (d) venous blood during the period of operation, and pre- and post-operatively detected hematogenous metastases were examined in 78 patients with colorectal cancer. The metastases were found in 28 patients (HM group), but not found in the other 50 patients (non-HM group). The mean values (43 and 198 ng/ml) and positive rates (61 and 96%) greater than 5 ng/ml of p- and d-CEA levels in the HM group were significantly higher than those (6 and 14 ng/ml, and 22 and 48%, respectively) in the non-HM group. The differences (mean 184 ng/ml and positive rate 49%) of d-CEA levels between both groups were more significant than those (39 ng/ml and 30%) of p-CEA levels. The mean value (155 ng/ml) and positive rate (82%) greater than 5 ng/ml of the gradient between d- and p-CEA levels (d-p CEA gradient) in the HM group were significantly higher than those (8 ng/ml and 34%) in the non-HM group. These results suggest that patients with a high risk of hematogenous metastases are more effectively checked by the determination of d-CEA levels and d-p CEA gradient than of p-CEA levels, and that they are patients with positive d-CEA and d-p CEA gradient levels.     

Serial tests of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed as part of the follow-up tests in 243 patients who had mastectomy and in 57 patients who had recurrent or metastatic disease. In the former group, 50 patients developed recurrent disease and 48% had elevated CEA levels (greater than 5 ng/ml). Among the 193 patients known to be without recurrence, 12% also had elevated CEA's. Evaluation of 161 CEA tests in 107 patients with known relapse showed that only 8% of those with chest wall recurrences had abnormal CEA's, while 30-81% of those with visceral metastasis had higher levels. If 20 ng/ml of CEA is used as the cut-off point, no patients with chest wall or nodal recurrence had elevated values, while 12-13% of those with bone or lung disease and 29-38% of those with pleura and liver metastasis had higher values. The rate of rise is faster also with visceral metastasis. When the elevated CEA level is greater than 20 ng/ml, and when the metastatic lesion responded to systemic therapy, the rate of fall of CEA levels was similar to the rate of rise prior to treatment, and remained fairly constant for the individual patient.     

A case of advanced gastric cancer showing pylorus stenosis with multiple liver metastases,that respond remarkably to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of combined TXL and low-dose FP

We report a 65-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer that showed a remarkable response to treatment with a new combination of paclitaxel (TXL) and low-dose 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of epigastric discomfort. Endoscopic examination revealed type 3 advanced gastric cancer, which was confirmed to be adenocarcinoma by biopsy. Tumor markers of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were elevated to 768.7 ng/ml and 2,782.8 U/ml, respectively. Computed tomography (CT) showed multiple liver metastases, and metastases to group 3 lymph nodes. After three courses of NAC, the CEA and AFP levels decreased to 245.0 ng/ml and 754.0 U/ml, respectively. Computed tomography revealed marked reduction of the primary tumor, liver metastases, and lymph nodes. Shrinkage of the primary tumor was also shown by gastrography and endoscopy. Distal gastrectomy was then performed because of pylorus stenosis. The resected specimen showed tub 2, pSS, pN3, ly2, v2 and Grade 2 histological responses. About half of the nodal metastatic lesions were degenerated. The patient is doing well and undergoing treatment with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy as an outpatient. TXL + low-dose FP as NAC may be one of the new tactics against advanced gastric cancer.     

Growth potential of human colorectal carcinomas in nude mice: association with the preoperative serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients

A preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration greater than 5 ng/ml portends a poor prognosis for patients with colorectal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine if the tumorigenicity of colorectal carcinomas in nude mice was associated with the preoperative serum CEA concentration. Neoplasms from 53 patients were either implanted as fragments or dissociated with collagenase and DNase, and 3 x 10(6) viable cells were injected into the flanks of BALB/c nude mice. The growth potential of tumors resected from patients with CEA levels exceeding 5 ng/ml was greater than that of tumors from patients with normal serum CEA: 26 of 33 carcinomas from patients with CEA greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml were tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas only 8 of 22 neoplasms from patients with normal serum CEA were tumorigenic in nude mice (P less than 0.001). Primary colorectal cancers, not metastases, were the basis for the association between tumorigenicity and preoperative CEA. Tumorigenicity was also associated with stage of disease, since Dukes' D primary tumors and metastases were more tumorigenic than Dukes' A to C primary tumors. Growth in nude mice was not associated with other prognostic factors such as tumor site, mucin production, local invasion, or stage of histological differentiation. The tumorigenic capability of human colorectal carcinomas may be associated with the preoperative serum CEA concentration and may reflect an increased potential to develop clinical metastases.     

Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases.

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.