双介入法治疗肝硬化并上消化道出血及脾亢的临床意义

目的　探讨经皮经肝行胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉栓塞和部分脾动脉栓塞术 (简称双介入法 ) ,治疗肝硬化合并上消化道出血、脾功能亢进的临床意义。方法　对具有完整临床诊断资料的 18例肝硬化合并急性或反复上消化道出血及脾功能亢进的病人 ,采取双介入法用无水酒精、弹簧钢圈、明胶海绵进行胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉及部分脾动脉栓塞 ,其中栓塞胃冠状静脉 18支、胃短静脉 11支 ,脾实质栓塞 5 0 %～ 70 %左右。结果　 18例双介入法手术均顺利完成 ,除栓塞后均有不同程度的发热和脾区疼痛持续 1周～ 1月左右外 ,无特殊并发症发生。术后随访最长 6年 ,最短 4个月 ,18例病人均无再发消化道出血 ,脾功能亢进症状全部改善。结论　双介入法治疗肝硬化合并上消化道出血、脾功能亢进 ,手术操作简便易行 ,临床效果满意 ,值得推广     

脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进病人的护理

脾动脉栓塞术（purtial splcuic Embolization简称PSE）是一种非手术治疗的介入放射学新技术，临床用于治疗各种病因所致的脾脏肿大并发脾功能亢进具有外科学术指征的患者。我科自1998年至今，采用PSE治疗病人26例，经过严密观察及护理取得满意的疗效，现将PSE疗法及临床护理介绍如下。     

脾动脉栓塞治疗脾亢的护理

部分脾动脉栓塞能抑制亢进的脾功能和减少肿大脾的体积,且能保留部分脾组织及功能。近年来,我中心共行部分脾动脉栓塞治疗脾亢１５例,取得较满意的治疗效果,现将脾动脉栓塞的护理要点介绍于下。一、资料本组１５例,男１１例,女４例。平均年龄５４（５～７０）岁,其...     

脾脏血管瘤介入栓塞治疗1例

脾脏血管瘤是临床少见的良性肿瘤，用介入栓塞术治疗该肿瘤文献报告尚不多见，我们治疗1例，报告如下。     

儿童巨脾症的部分性脾栓塞治疗

目的 探讨儿童巨脾症部分性脾栓塞的安全治疗方案。方法 应用分阶段栓塞法治疗42例巨大脾脏患儿,年龄1～15岁。首次脾栓塞范围约30％～40％,间隔1～2个月再次栓塞脾脏30％～40％,实现缩小脾脏,消除和改善脾功能亢进以及基础疾病症状。结果 本组病例经分次脾栓塞治疗术后脾亢及相应基础疾病症状得到有效控制,术后反应轻,发热和腹痛持续时间短,仅1例发生脾脓肿。结论 儿童巨脾症,通过分阶段进行部分脾栓塞治疗更加安全、有效。     

脾动脉部分栓塞在肝癌介入治疗中临床应用研究

目的：研究脾动脉部分栓塞在肝癌介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：对62例肝癌病人在肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞过程中进行脾动脉部分栓塞治疗，观察病人血液中自细胞、血小板计数及肝功能的变化，判断疗效。结果：治疗后所有病人白细胞、血小板计数升高，恢复正常的时间为术后2—4周，49例肝功能改善，原有牙龈出血和鼻衄等症状大多消失，伴门脉癌栓76％（16／21）术后近期腹水减少或消失，肝功能恢复较快，无严重并发症。结论：肝癌介入化疗栓塞同时行脾动脉部分栓塞可以有效改善肝功能，缓解脾功能亢进，促进血液中自细胞、血小板升高，减轻门脉压力增高，提高免疫力，对肝癌预后有积极作用。     

脾动脉供血在肝癌介入栓塞治疗中的价值

目的 探讨脾动脉在肝癌供血中的DSA表现和治疗价值.方法 3例肝癌患者在栓塞治疗中行DSA检查发现肿瘤有脾动脉供血,对DSA影像特点进行分析,并同时进行超选择动脉栓塞治疗.结果 3例肝癌患者经超选择性栓塞治疗后,所有病例的供血血管均显著减少,病灶均明显缩小.结论 脾动脉供血型肝癌是一种比较少见的肝动脉变异性供血,熟悉其血管变异的特点对肝动脉化疗栓塞术具有重要的意义.     

部分性脾栓塞术治疗地中海贫血的长期疗效观察

目的 评价部分性脾栓塞（ｐａｒｔｉａｌ ｓｐｌｅｎｉｃ ｅｍｂｏｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＰＳＥ）治疗地中海贫血的长期疗效。方法 对１９９３年５月在我院采用ＰＳＥ术治疗的７５例地中海贫血患者进行随访，随访指标主要为术后血红蛋白浓度、输血次数、输血量。选取资料完整的３０例患者进行分析。其中α型地中海贫血８例，β型地中海贫血２２例。结果 ３０例地中海贫血患者中，有２６例患者ＰＳＥ术后输血量减少，血红蛋白浓度升     

脾动脉介入栓塞并发症的原因探讨及预防与处理

脾功能亢进行脾动脉栓塞其原理是部分性脾动脉栓塞，致使被拴塞的部分脾脏失去血供，导致液化坏死；同时保存一部分脾脏的完整性，使其完成免疫功能。改善了外周血象，使患者临床症状明显改善。故在治疗脾功能亢进时介入栓塞方法成为外科脾切除的替代疗法，也是脾功能亢进首先的治疗方法。但在实际工作中，由于脾动脉栓塞，脾液化坏死，在临床上会出现一系列并发症；我院在20（~--2005年间，共为35例患者行动脉栓塞术，术后出现的各种并发症总结归纳如下，仅共在临床介入工作的同仁参考。     

部分性脾栓塞术不同栓塞方法的对比研究

目的探寻脾亢患者部分性脾栓塞(PSE)术较为合适的栓塞方法。方法78例脾亢患者中32例为脾动脉主干内PSE术(主干组),46例为脾动脉分干内PSE术(分干组)。所有患者术后观察并发症情况,第15d、30d、60d、90d分别复查白细胞和血小板计数,并与术前比较,以此评价PSE术的疗效。然后对主干组和分干组结果进行对比分析。结果78例患者术后均无严重并发症,脾外栓塞及呼吸系统并发症分干组较主干组轻而少。术后白细胞和血小板计数,第15天时主干组和分干组比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);第30天时二者比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);第60天、90天时二者比较差异则均有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论对于脾亢患者,脾动脉分支若呈二干型或三干型,则应尽量行分干内PSE术;分支若呈无干型或主干明显扭曲而插管困难时,则宜行主干内PSE术。     

Transcatheter embolization of the internal pudendal artery for control of massive perineal bleeding

Massive perineal bleeding due to trauma was successfully controlled by superselective embolization of the internal pudendal artery with a stainless steel mini coil. While in the standard selective procedure the internal iliac artery is embolized, the superselective technique allows preservation of the blood supply from the uninjured branches of the internal iliac artery.     

Vessel occlusion with transcatheter electrocoagulation

Transcatheter intravascular electrocoagulation for therapeutic occlusion of vessels has been experimentally developed and successfully used clinically as an alternative to, and in conjunction with, more routine methods of vessel occlusion. A constant current power source and a steelguide wire anode are used for the occlusion. The subject is grounded with a standard bovie plate insulated from the skin by a highly lubricated sponge. Permanent occlusion of strategic vessels at accurately controlled sites has been achieved with little risk of embolization of non-target areas. There has been minimal damage to vessel walls, and complete occlusion has been possible despite heparinization and/or thrombocytopenia. One limitation is the inconstant ability to position the anode precisely at the desired site of occlusion. Also, a long time may be required (up to one hour) to occlude larger vessels with presently available anodes. Wider use must await refinements in development of the anode material and in its delivery system.     

丝线加明胶海绵脾脏栓塞治疗脾功能亢进

目的　探讨部分脾栓塞（ＰＳＥ） 治疗脾功能亢进（ 脾亢） 的临床应用价值,寻找理想的栓塞剂及合理使用方法,以提高脾栓塞疗效。方法　将４０ 例肝硬化脾亢患者随机分为两组：治疗组３０ 例,用真丝线段加明胶海绵双重栓塞;对照组１０ 例,单用明胶海绵栓塞。栓塞面积控制在５０％ ～７０ ％ 。结果　治疗组３０ 例,获ＣＲ１９ 例（６３ ％） ,ＰＲ７ 例（２３％ ） ,总有效率８６％ 。１ 年复发率３２％ 。对照组１０例,获ＣＲ６ 例（６０ ％ ）,ＰＲ２ 例（２０ ％ ）,总有效率８０％ 。１ 年复发率６６％ 。结论　脾亢患者丝线加明胶海绵双重栓塞,其疗效优于单用明胶海绵。两者近期效果无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,但１ 年复发率前者明显低于后者（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５）。     

Embolization of a thoracic aortic aneurysm; The straddling coil technique: Technical note

Occlusion of a patent postligated aortic aneurysymwas performed percutaneously with modified use of giant steel coils in a 50-year-old man. Steel coils were placed across the short, narrowed segment of the aorta. Successful thrombosis of entire aortic aneurysm was accomplished. No complications occurred.     

Postoperative retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to a bleeding ureteric artery: treatment by transcatheter embolization

We report a case of a postoperative retroperitoneal haemorrhage due to an iatrogenic perioperative injury of an ureteric artery. Transcatheter embolization using microparticles stopped the bleeding and the patient stabilized immediately. Ureteric artery injury is a very rare condition but can be managed successfully by percutaneous interventional techniques. Received: 15 October 1999 Revised: 10 April 2000 Accepted: 14 April 2000     

Testicular infarction following ethanol embolization of a renal neoplasm

A case of infarction of the left testis secondary to transcatheter embolization of a malignant left renal tumor with absolute ethanol is presented. The mechanism producing this complication was due to the anomalous nature of the left testicular artery, originating from the left renal artery distal to the site of the balloon occlusion catheter. The importance of this anomaly is discussed and the literature reviewed.     

Transcatheter embolization versus vasopressin infusion for the control of arteriocapillary gastrointestinal bleeding

The transcatheter method appropriate for use in the control of arteriocapillary gastrointestinal bleeding is a point of controversy. Intraarterial vasopressin infusion, which has been performed in more than 500 patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital, has achieved control in 90% of patients actively bleeding from the stomach and colon. In view of the severity of hemorrhage and associated illnesses in these patients, the complication rate associated with this method was low. Intraarterial vasopressin infusions were ineffective in pyloroduodenal and postoperative bleeding sites and hemorrhage from abscesses. While embolization can control bleeding in these areas, complications have been shown despite precise selective catheter placement. Because of catheterization difficulties and the permanency of the vascular occlusion, embolization is reserved for patients in whom surgical intervention would be associated with extreme risks.     

Transcatheter obliteration of the renal artery by ethanol injection: Experimental results

The sclerosing effect of the introduction of 95% ethanol into the renal artery was evaluated in eight rabbits and one pig. Longtern occlusio of the renal artery with ensuing infarction of the kidney could be produced by a small, easily tolerated dose. Several inherent drawbacks of currently used embolic agents may be avoided with this technique, which is suggested for clinical trial.     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床观察

目的:探讨对肝硬化脾功能亢进患者行不同程度栓塞后的临床疗效。方法:选择43例肝炎后肝硬化脾功能亢进患者。A组17例,栓塞面积约40%~50%;B组26例,栓塞面积约70%~80%。采用Seldinger技术经右侧股动脉插管到脾动脉脾门处或脾中下极动脉用PVA微粒行部分脾动脉栓塞。并于术后3d、1周、2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年及两年复查血常规,以此评价两种不同栓塞程度治疗的效果。结果:术后白细胞、血小板均上升。B组的疗效优于A组,并有统计学意义。结论:部分脾动脉栓塞面积在70%~80%疗效较好,在病情允许下应加大栓塞面积,以稳定疗效。     

Renal Artery Embolization Using a New Liquid Embolic Material Obtained by Partial Hydrolysis of Polyvinyl Acetate (Embol): Initial Experience in Six Patients

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a new liquid embolic material, Embol, in embolization of the renal artery.

Materials and Methods

Embol is a new embolic material obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate mixed in absolute ethanol and Iopromide 370 and manufactured by Schering Korea, Kyonggido, Korea. Six patients who underwent embolization of the renal artery using Embol were evaluated. Four were male and two were female and their ages ranged from 11 to 70 (mean, 53) years. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses referred for renal artery embolization were renal cell carcinoma (n = 3), renal angiomyolipoma (n = 2) and pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery (n = 1). After selective renal angiography, Embol was injected through various catheters, either with or without a balloon occlusion catheter. Changes in symptoms and blood chemistry which may have been related to renal artery embolization with Embol were analyzed.

Results

The six patients showed immediate total occlusion of their renal vascular lesions. One of the three in whom renal cell carcinoma was embolized with Embol underwent radical nephrectomy, and the specimen thus obtained revealed 40% tumor necrosis. In the two patients with angiomyolipomas, the tumors decreased in size and abdominal pain subsided. Bleeding from pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery was successfully controlled. Four patients showed symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, and one of these also showed increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. One patient experienced transient hypertension.

Conclusion

Embol is easy to use, its radiopacity is adequate and it is a safe and effective embolic material which provides immediate and total occlusion of renal vascular lesions.