Comparison of tirofiban combined with dalteparin or unfractionated heparin in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

Background  Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best treatment of choice for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of tirofiban combined with the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dalteparin, in primary PCI patients with acute STEMI.

Methods  From February 2006 to July 2006, a total of 120 patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI were randomised to 2 groups: unfractionated heparin (UFH) with tirofiban (group I: 60 patients, (61.2±9.5) years), and dalteparin with tirofiban (group II: 60 patients, (60.5±10.1) years). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 4 years after PCI were examined. Bleeding complications during hospitalization were also examined.

Results  There were no significant differences in sex, mean age, risk factors, past history, inflammatory marker, or echocardiography between the 2 groups. In terms of the target vessel and vascular complexity, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. During the first 7 days, emergent revascularization occurred only in 1 patient (1.7%) in group I. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in 1 (1.7%) patient in group I and in 1 (1.7%) in group II. Three (5.0%) patients in group I and 1 (1.7%) in group II died. Total in-hospital MACE during the first 7 days was 4 (6.7%) in group I and 2 (3.3%) in group II. Bleeding complications were observed in 10 patients (16.7%) in group I and in 4 patients (6.7%) in group II, however, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant intracranial bleeding was observed in either group. Four years after PCI, death occurred in 5 (8.3%) patients in group I and in 4 (6.7%) in group II. MACE occurred in 12 (20.0%) patients in group I and in 10 (16.7%) patients in group II.

Conclusions  Dalteparin was effective and safe in primary PCI of STEMI patients and combined dalteparin with tirofiban was effective and safe without significant bleeding complications compared with UFH. Although there was no statistically significant difference, LMWH decreased the bleeding complications compared with UFH.

     

Effect of tirofiban plus clopidogrel and aspirin on primary percutaneous coronary intervention via transradial approach in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Aspirin and clopidogrel can improve myocardial reperfusion and alleviate myocardial injury during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Whether the addition of intravenous tirofiban during this procedure produces further benefit has not been clarified in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients. We evaluated this on STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI （p-PCI） via transradial artery approach. Methods Consecutive patients were randomized into tirofiban group （n=-72） or placebo group （n=-78）. Angiographic analysis included initial and final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade （TFG）, corrected TIMI frame count （CTFC） and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade （TMPG） of the thrombotic vessel. Platelet aggregation rate （PAR）, creatine phosphokinase （CPK）, CPK isoenzyme MB （CPK-MB） and troponin I levels were measured and TIMI definitions were used to assess bleeding complications. Left ventricular performance parameters were investigated with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were followed up for 6 months. Results The cases of TFG 0 and 1 before PCI, TFG 0 when first crossing of guide wire were less, and the cases of TFG 3 after PCI was more in tirofiban group than those in placebo group. The final CTFC was fewer and the incidence of no reflow phenomenon was lower, as well the percentage of final TFG 3 was higher in tirofiban group than those in placebo group （all P 〈0.05）. Mean peak CPK-MB was significantly lower, while the left ventricular performance parameters 1 week after PCI were much more improved in tirofiban group than those in the placebo group. PAR was significantly decreased shortly after tirofiban infusion. The incidence of 6-month MACE in tirofiban group was obviously lower than that in the placebo group. No statistical difference was noted between the two groups with regard to bleeding complications. Conclusions Intravenous tirofiban infusion, in additi     

不同途径介入治疗急性心肌梗死的对照研究

目的:比较不同途径急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死的安全性和有效性.方法:收集254例发病≤12 h 的ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料,比较经桡动脉急诊PCI(TRA组,n=182)与经股动脉急诊PCI(TFA组,n=72)患者的手术操作、住院情况以及随访期主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率.结果:两组穿刺成功率、穿刺至首次球囊扩张时间、手术成功率、住院和随访期间MACE发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).TRA组手术时间短[(36.1±16.3)min vs (40.5±15.1)min,P=0.049),依从性高(81.9% vs 26.4%,P＜0.005),血管并发症明显减少(5.5% vs 34.7%,P＜0.005),住院时间缩短[(9.2±3.0)d vs (10.8±4.2)d,P=0.003].结论:在强化抗栓条件下,相对于股动脉途径,急诊经桡动脉PCI有相似的有效性及安全性,且并发症和住院日更少.     

替罗非班对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术患者的疗效

目的:探讨替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者的有效性及安全性。方法:对阿司匹林加氯吡格雷常规治疗组(对照组)50例和加用替罗非班三联抗血小板治疗组(观察组)50例的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果:PCI术后30 d,观察组出现的主要不良心血管事件,包括心源性死亡、非致死性心肌再梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、严重心绞痛的发生率为4.0%,低于对照组的18.0%(P0.05);PCI术后48 h及30 d,2组轻度出血及血小板减少并发症的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),2组均未发生严重出血并发症。结论:STEMI患者行急诊PCI术中及术后48 h联合应用替罗非班治疗能进一步减少术后30 d主要不良心血管事件,且安全性良好。     

Effects of upstream tirofiban versus downstream tirofiban on myocardial damage and 180-day clinical outcomes in high-risk acute coronary syndromes patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

Background For patients with moderate to high-risk acute coronary syndromes （ACS） who undergo early, invasive treatment strategies, current guidelines recommend the usage of glycoprotein （GP） lib/Ilia inhibitors as an upstream treatment for a coronary care unit or as an downstream provisional treatment for selected patients who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The relative advantage of either strategy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of upstream tirofiban versus the effects of downstream tirofiban on myocardial damage and 180-day major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） after PCI in high-risk non-ST-segment elevation ACS （NSTE-ACS） undergoing PCI. Methods From July 2006 to July 2007, 160 high-risk NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI were randomized to receive upstream （within 4-6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban, to evaluate the extent of myocardial damage after PCI by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the value of cardiac troponin I （cTnl） as well as MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB） before and after PCI. The incidences of 24-hour, 3-day, 7-day, 30-day and 180-day MACE after PCI were followed up and the rates of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results The peak release and cumulative release of cTnl levels within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.45 vs 0.63 and 0.32 vs 0.43, respectively; P 〈0.05）. Post-procedural cTnl elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received the upstream tirofiban than those who received the downstream tirofiban （66.3% vs 87.5%, P 〈0.05）. The peak and cumulative release of CK-MB levels as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （16 vs 14,5 vs 3 and 26.3% vs 36.3%, respectively; P 〉0.05）. The incidences of 24-hour, 3-day, and 7-day MACE after PCI were the same between the two groups （0 vs 0, 0 vs 0 and 1.25% vs 1.25%, respectively）. Although the incidences of 30-day and 180-day MACE after PCI were not statisticially different between the two groups, the incidences were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3.75% vs 6.25% and 12.99% vs 16.67%; P 〉0.05）. Aging （OR=1.164, P 〈0.001）, hypertension （OR=4.165, P=0.037） and type 2 diabetes （OR=13.628, P 〈0.001） were independent risk factors of MACE. The timing of administrating the tirofiban （OR=2.416, P=-0.153） plays an extensive role in the incidence of MACE. The incidences of major and minor bleeding complications as well as mild thrombocytopenia during the administration of tirofiban were similar between the two groups （2.50% vs 1.25%, 1.25% vs 1.25% and 1.25% vs 1.25%, respectively; P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Based on the pretreatment with aspirin and clopidogrel, upstream tirofiban was associated with attenuated minor myocardial damage and the tendency of reducing incidences of 180-day MACE after PCI among high-risk NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI. Aging, hypertension and type 2 diabetes were independent risk factors of MACE in high-risk NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI associated with tirofiban.     

Impact of angina prior to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction on short-term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the Shanghai Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SRACE)

Background  The clinical significance of ischemic chest pain before acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains an interesting issue of investigation particularly in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to assess the impact of angina prior to STEMI on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Methods  Among a total of 875 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, 292 had episodes of angina within 24 hours of STEMI (PA group) and the remaining 583 were free of anginal symptoms (non-PA group). Clinical characteristics, angiographic and procedural features, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results  Diabetes was less common (17.5% vs. 23.3%, P=0.04) and symptom-to-door time was shortened ((191.6±96.8) minutes vs. (357.2±341.9) minutes, P <0.001) in the PA group than in the non-PA group. Patients with angina prior to STEMI had fewer totally or nearly totally occluded infarct-related artery (TIMI flow grade 0–1) at initial angiography (75.0% vs. 90.7%, P <0.001), and achieved more TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI (84.2% vs. 78.2%, P=0.04). These were associated with higher rates of overall procedural success (95.9% vs. 91.8%, P=0.02) and of complete ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes after the procedure (51.7% vs. 40.3%, P=0.001). During a 30-day clinical follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved ((53.0±8.6)% vs. (51.1±9.7)%, P=0.002) and the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events was reduced in the PA group (7.2% vs. 12.7%, P=0.01).

Conclusion  Presence of angina prior to acute STEMI is associated with better outcome at a 30-day clinical follow-up in patients undergoing primary PCI.

     

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients aged over 75 years

Background The optimal reperfusion strategy in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, in-hospital and one-year clinical outcomes for patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, compared with those treated by conservative approach. Methods One hundred and two patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI presented 〈12 hours were randomly allocated to primary PCI （n=50） or conservative therapy only （n=52）. The baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcome and major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization at one-year clinical follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results Age, gender distribution, risk factors for coronary artery disease, infarct site and clinical functional status were similar between the two groups, but the patients in primary PCI group received less low-molecular- weight heparin during hospitalization. Compared with conservative group, the patients in primary PCI group had significantly lower occurrence rate of re-infarction and death and shortened hospital stay. The composite endpoint for in-hospital survivals at 30-day follow-up was similar between the two groups, but one-year MACE rate was significantly lower in the primary PCI group （21.3% and 45.2%, P=0.029）. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly changed in both groups during follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary PCI （OR=0.34, 95% CI： 0.21-0.69, P =0.03） improved MACE-free survival rate for STEMI patients aged 〉 75 years. Conclusion Our results indicated that primary PCI was safe and effective in reducing in-hospital mortality and one-year MACE rate for elderly patients with STEMI.     

术前应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗疗效的分析

目的探讨在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percuteous coronary intervention,PCI)时,术前静脉注射替罗非班对术后冠脉血流及近期疗效的影响。方法 93例急性STEMI患者行急诊PCI治疗,随机分为术前静脉注射替罗非班(早期组,46例)和造影后静脉注射替罗非班(晚期组,47例)两组。分析两组患者术前基础临床情况、术前梗死相关血管前向血流情况、术后冠脉TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI血流计数帧数(corrected TIMI frame count,CTFC)、射线照射时间及造影剂用量、左心室射血分数、术后3个月主要心血管事件(major adversecardiac events,MACE)。结果两组患者基础临床情况差异无统计学意义,早期组患者术前梗死相关动脉(infarction related arter-y,IRA)前向血流达到TIMI2～3级的比例高于晚期组(分别为30%和13%,P=0.038)。两组患者术后IRA前向血流达到TIMI3级的比例、心功能、近期MACE比较差异无统计学意义,但早期组患者射线照射时间、CTFC及造影剂用量均少于晚期组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急性STEMI行急诊PCI时,替罗非班注射液的不同应用时间对近期的临床预后虽然没有明显改善,但术前静脉应用可以提高IRA前向血流TIMI3级的比例,减少射线照射及手术时间。不同应用方法均不增加出血发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

60岁以下高危急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗早期及即刻应用替罗非班的对比研究

目的对比60岁以下高危急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗早期及即刻联合在常规使用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上静脉应用替罗非班的临床疗效。方法对拟行介入治疗的高危急性冠脉综合征110例患者,随机分为介入治疗早期使用组55例和介入治疗前即刻使用组55例,观察两组患者的基本临床情况、介入治疗术前和术后即刻靶血管TIMI分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、术后30 d内出血并发症、主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的发生情况和术后30 d心脏彩超左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果与即刻使用组比较,早期使用组介入治疗前TIMI 3级血流和TMPG 3级比例明显升高(30.9%VS 12.7%、34.5%VS 12.7%,P<0.05);早期使用组介入治疗后TMPG 3级明显升高(80%VS 52.7%,P<0.05),轻度出血并发症明显增多(P<0.05),重度出血并发症增多但无统计学意义(P>0.05);介入治疗早期使用组和即刻使用组术后30 d MACE发生率分别为7.2%VS 16.4%(P>0.05);术后30 d早期使用组的LVEDD显著小于即刻使用组,而LVEF则显著大于即刻使用组,其差异具有统计学意义。结论在阿司匹林和氯吡格雷常规抗血小板治疗的基础上,60岁以下高危急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗前早期应用替罗非班比介入治疗前即刻应用能及早强化抗血小板治疗,改善TIMI及TMPG分级,从而有效保护心功能,其临床应用是安全有效的。     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的观察替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后心肌灌注和临床预后的影响。方法选择75例符合直接PCI的急性STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班实验组（38例）和对照组（37例）,实验组在PCI基础上加替罗非班,对照组直接行PCI,观察两组术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤,住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）及临床预后。结果治疗组在PCI术前后冠脉TIMI以及TMP分级、心电图ST段回落、7d后左心室射血分数（LVEF）、主要心血管事件（MACE）发生率等方面显著优于对照组,术后肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）峰值、住院天数、出血并发症、住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）两组之间无差异。结论对于急性STEMI行PCI前应用替罗非班可更有效地改善冠脉血流及临床预后,方法安全。     

急性心肌梗死经桡动脉途径冠脉介入治疗效果观察

目的总结急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊经桡动脉途径行冠脉介入（PCI）治疗的疗效。方法对69例诊断为AMI患者选择右侧桡动脉为穿刺径路行PCI治疗（A组）,对照组为20例AMI行经皮股动脉入路直接PCI的患者（B组）。随访术后3个月内的主要心血管事件（MACE）的发生率,包括死亡率、非致命性心肌梗死发生率、靶血管血运重建率（TVR）及3个月内复诊冠脉造影择期干预其他病变血管的手术率。结果3个月后随访结果显示,MACE发生率均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;3个月内复诊冠状动脉造影及择期手术率A组明显高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论急诊行经皮桡动脉入路PCI治疗AMI有一定的安全性,还不能认为其近期MACE的发生率低于经股动脉入路,但能提高冠状动脉造影的复诊及择期手术率。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中冠状动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及心功能的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）时冠状动脉（冠脉）内注射负荷剂量盐酸替罗非班对心肌灌注及心功能的影响。方法选择2007年7月—2008年12月我科确诊STEMI并接受急诊PCI患者70例,随机分为观察组（36例）和对照组（34例）。两组患者均进行PCI,术中观察组患者给予盐酸替罗非班10μg/kg冠脉内注射,对照组给予等量0.9%氯化钠注射液冠脉内注射。比较两组患者PCI术后即刻造影结果,术后7、30、180 d的左室射血分数（EF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）及术后180 d主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生率,同时观察住院期间的出血并发症。结果观察组患者术后校正TIMI帧数、术后2 h ST段回落程度、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值及峰值时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;梗死相关血管无复流发生率及术后180 d MACE（包括死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建）发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,观察组术后7、30、180 d的EF显著增加,LVEDD、LVESD显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组住院期间出血并发症的发生率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于STEMI患者行急诊PCI术中联合冠脉内注射替罗非班治疗可减少无复流、慢血流现象的发生,改善心肌水平再灌注状态和左室功能,同时不增加出血发生率,有利于提高临床预后。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班改善直接PCI患者近期预后临床研究

目的:探讨盐酸替罗非班不同给药途径对ST段回落率、主要心脏不良事件(MACE)以及TIMI血流分级的影响。方法:选择符合直接PCI适应证的急性ST抬高性心肌梗死(STE-MI)患者88例,随机分为静脉应用组43例和冠脉应用组45例,观察心电图ST段回落情况和30d内不良事件的发生情况,比较术前及术后TIMI血流分级。结果:冠脉组术后1hST段完全回落率高于静脉组(P<0.05),冠脉组MACE发生率低于静脉组(P<0.05),TIMI血流分级变化无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:直接PCI时,冠脉内注射盐酸替罗非班安全有效,可以显著改善术后1hST段回落率,减少术后30d心脏不良事件的发生。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效和预后评价

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术中冠状动脉（冠脉）内注射替罗非班对梗死相关血管冠脉血流（TIMI）的影响。方法 116例STEMI患者根据PCI术中是否冠脉内应用替罗非班分为常规治疗组（66例）和替罗非班组（50例）,对比2组PCI术后梗死相关血管的TIMI分级、校正的TIMI计帧数,观察2组患者出血并发症发生率、住院期间和出院后6个月主要心血管事件发生率。结果替罗非班组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流获得率明显高于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义（98.0%vs 84.8%,P〈0.05）;校正的TIMI计帧数低于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义〔（21.5±5.9）帧vs（29.6±6.2）帧,P〈0.01〕。术后1周替罗非班组左心室射血分数（LVEF）高于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;出血并发症发生率高于常规治疗组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;6个月内主要心血管事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 STEMI介入治疗中冠脉内注射替罗非班较为安全,可以明显改善PCI术后的冠脉血流、心肌灌注及临床预后。     

Prospective multicenter randomized trial comparing physician versus patient transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has been identified as the first therapeutic option for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. The strategy of transferring patient to a PCI center was recently recommended for those with acute STEMI who were present to PCI incapable hospitals, which include lack of facilities or experienced operators. In China, some local hospitals have been equipped with PCI facilities, but they have no interventional physicians qualified for performing primary PCI. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the strategy of transferring physician to a PCI-equipped hospital to perform primary PCI for patients with acute STEMI. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four consecutive STEMI patients with symptom presentation 〈12 hours in five local hospitals from November 2005 to November 2007 were randomized to receive primary PCI by either physician transfer （physician transfer group, n=165） or patient transfer （patient transfer group, n=169） strategy. Door-to-balloon time, in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events （MACE, including death, non-fatal re-infarction, and target vessel revascularization） were compared between the two groups. Results Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） 3 flow was revealed in more patients in the physician transfer group at initial angiography （17.6% vs 10.1%, P〈0.05）. The success rate of primary PCI （96.3% vs 95.4%, P〉0.05） and length of hospital stay were similar between the two groups （（15±4） days vs （14±3） days, P〉0.05）. In the physician transfer group, door-to-balloon time was significantly shortened （（95±20） minutes vs （147±29） minutes, P〈0.0001） and more patients received primary PCI with door-to-balloon time less than 90 minutes （21.2% vs 7.7%, P〈0.001）. During hospitalization, MACE occurred in 6.7% and 11.2% of patients     

Comparison of efficacy and safety of native eptifibatide vs. tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes and safety of eptifibatide or tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods:Thirty-six patients with ACS(unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, UA/NSTEMI) who underwent PCI were randomly divided into two groups to receive eptifibatide or tirofiban treatment. Eptifibatide or tirofiban was predominantly initiated in the catheter laboratory before the intervention. In-hospital and 30-day MACE outcomes; bleeding as well as platelet counting were investigated in those two groups. Results:No in-hospital and 30-day MACE event occurred in the two groups. The number of ischemia leads after treatment reduced compared to that before PCI in the two groups. There was improvement in the number of ischemia leads for 24 h after administration in the tirofiban group than those in eptifibatide group(4.21±2.46 vs. 3.89±3.31, P =0.03). The two groups showed no incidence of massive bleeding. Minor bleeding rates were 16.7% and 22.2% in the two groups respectively. Conclusion:Eptifibatide as an adjunct to PCI may further decrease the incidence of ischemia event in patients with ACS and improve the safety, but its long-term efficacy and side effects need further observation.     

替罗非班对ST段抬高型AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注及心血管事件的影响

目的观察替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后心肌灌注及心血管事件的影响。方法首次因STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的102例患者,随机分为对照组50例和替罗非班组52例。对照组予常规PCI;替罗非班组于PCI中给予盐酸替罗非班,观察2组PCI术后15 min校正的TIMI帧数计数(CTFC)并进行冠状动脉血流速度测定;记录住院期间主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果 2组患者术前基本资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);替罗非班组CTFC和冠状动脉血流速度较对照组明显改善(P<0.05);治疗24 h后血清cTnT峰值水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后10 d左室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);30d内的MACE发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组出血并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在STEMI行PCI治疗时应用替罗非班,可明显改善心肌再灌注,减轻心肌损害,减少PCI术后患者MACE发生率,并且不增加出血并发症发生率。     

替罗非班在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中无复流的临床观察

目的：评价冠状动脉内应用替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中无复流的临床疗效。方法：将行PCI治疗中发生无复流的急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者62例随机分为替罗非班组（n=32）和对照组（n=30）。两组手术方法相同,出现无复流现象后分别经冠状动脉内注入替罗非班和硝酸甘油。观察两组注射药物后首次和PCI中末次造影图像,评估心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流分级、校正的TIMI帧数（CTFC）,同时观察术后1周左室射血分数（LVEF）、术后60d内主要心血管事件（MACE）发生率及出血并发症等情况。结果：替罗非班组2次冠状动脉造影TIMI 3级血流获得率、CTFC均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,术后1周LVEF、出血并发症高于对照组,PCI术后60d内MACE发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：替罗非班在不增加严重出血并发症的前提下可明显降低和改善ACS患者PCI后无复流现象,是一种有效的PCI辅助治疗手段。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者行PCI应用替罗非班效果观察

目的 观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)行急诊PCI术患者使用替罗非班的有效性及安全性.方法 80例患者随机分成两组:替罗非班组及对照组各40例.替罗非班组术中给予替罗非班,术后持续使用24h,随访7d.对照组不给予替罗非班,其余相同.观察两组术中TIMI血流分级,ST段回落百分比例,术后7d左室射血分数(LVEF),再灌注心律失常及术后7d内出血事件.结果 替罗非班组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流的例数明显高于对照组(38例VS30例,P＜0.05),替罗非班组ST段回落百分比例与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(15例VS 7例,P＜0.05).替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后7d出血事件差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 替罗非班可以增加急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术中TIMI 3级血流,可增加ST段回落百分比,不增加术后7d内出血事件.     

Impact of admission creatinine level on clinical outcomes of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation

Background Prognosis of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） and renal dysfunction （RD） who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has not been fully investigated in the drug-eluting stent （DES） era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of admission serum creatinine level on short-term outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing DES-based primary PCI.
Methods Primary PCI with DES implantation was attempted in 619 consecutive STEMI patients within 12 hours of symptom onset. Among them, 86 patients had a serum creatinine level ≥115 μmol/L on admission （RD group）, and the remaining 533 patients had normal renal function （non-RD group）. The primary endpoint was 30-day major adverse cardiac events （MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization）, and the secondary endpoint was subacute stent thrombosis.
Results Patients in the RD group were older than those in the non-RD group. There are more female patients in the RD group and they had a history of hypertension, myocardial infarction and revascularization. The occurrence rates of Killip class ≥2 （29.1% vs 18.6%, P=0.02） and multi-vessel （62.8% vs 44.5%, P=0.001） and triple vessel disease （32.6% vs 18.2%, P=0.002）, in-hospital mortality （9.3% vs 3.8%, P=0.03）, and MACE rate during hospitalization （17.4% vs 7.7%, P=-0.006） were higher in the RD group than those in the non-RD group. At a 30-day clinical follow-up, the MACE-free survival rate was significantly reduced in the RD group （76.7% vs 89.9%, P=-0.0003）. Angiographic stent thrombosis occurred in 3 （3.5%） and 7 （1.3%） of patients in the RD group and non-RD group, respectively （P=0.15）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum creatinine level 〉115 μmol/L on admission was an independent predictor for MACE rate at a 30-day follow-up （Hazard ratio （HR） 3.31,95% CI 1.19-9.18, P 〈0.001）.
Conclusion Despite similar prevalence of stent thromb