医学专家系统的设计原理与实现方法

医学专家系统是人工智能和专家系统理论和技术在医学领域的重要应用，具有极大的科研和应用价值，它可以帮助医生解决复杂的医学问题，作为医生诊断，治疗的辅助工具。本文阐述了医学专家系统的设计原理与实现方法，总结了当今医学专家系统存在的问题，展望了未来的发展。     

思维推理型专家系统及其开发工具的研究(摘要)

为解决回顾型医学专家系统的不足(信息量少,适用范围窄,原始资料收集困难),我们根据人工智能的原理,模似医学专家诊断中的逻辑思维过程设计了人机对话式思维推理型     

医学专家系统中的模糊逻辑

医学专家系统中的模糊逻辑从三十年前Ｚａｄｅｈ发表了第一篇模糊逻辑原理论文以来，模糊逻辑已在许多领域得到广泛应用。它尤其适合于医学应用，因为医学决策所需的许多信息都是不确定的。基于知识的医学专家系统开始发展于十年前Ｚａｄｅｈ把模糊逻辑应用于Ｍｙｃｉｎ系...     

人工智能、专家系统与中医专家系统

本文回顾了人工智能及专家系统的发展史，简单地介绍了一下医学专家系统MYCIN，并介绍了研制中医专家系统的一般步骤。     

医院多媒体查询系统及其应用

本文介绍一个工作在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗ ｓ 环境下的医院多媒体查询系统。系统具有触摸按钮, 可供病人随时触摸查询医院科室、医学专家、医疗设备、医药价格等信息, 方便病人寻医问药。该系统还具有动画显示功能     

医学专家系统的开发及研究

计算机用于进行知识处理,是计算机应用向更高层次的发展。人工智能的核心之一是专家系统的开发,而医学领域是专家系统开发最早的领域之一。我国中医专家系统的开发和应用都已取得了相当显著的成就。本文就医学专家系统开发的历史、现状及主要特征和技术进行了探讨。     

频谱心电图专家分析系统的实现

我们在ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳ下建立了一个频谱专家分析系统（试验）。该系统采用数据库技术为病人建立电子病历,利用工程中的频谱分析方法对数据库中的数据进行时频转换,转换后的频谱与正常人的频谱进行对比,在医学专家经验库的基础上利用人工智能技术去得到一个辅助的诊断意见。     

一部精美的彩色图谱--《系统解剖学彩色图谱》

我国的解剖学工作者开拓进取 ,与时俱进 ,不断有新的成果问世。由中国医科大学徐国成 ,韩秋生 ,霍琨主编的《系统解剖学彩色图谱》于 2 0 0 2年 10月由辽宁科学技术出版社出版。她是迄今我国第一部人工绘制、按人体结构系统编排的彩色图谱 ,共 30 1页 ,有近5 0 0幅精美的图。这部彩色图谱绘著者阵容庞大 ,气势辉煌 ,在我国医学图谱出版史上也是空前的 ,由著名医学专家吴阶平院士、郭应禄院士任名誉主编 ,著名解剖专家钟世镇院士、柏树令教授主审 ,著名医学专家裘法祖院士作序 ,著名医学编辑人民卫生出版张之生编审参与策划 ,编绘者 130余名…     

波兰医学专家认为葱和葱头可以治病

波兰医学专家认为葱和葱头可以治病波兰医学专家认为，葱和葱头不仅可以食用，而且还可作为治病良药。据波兰《观察家》周刊报道，波兰医学专家认为，葱和葱头内含蛋白质、糖类、矿物盐、香精油和多种维生素。新鲜的葱和葱头有较强的杀菌能力，可以降血压、降血糖，治不消...     

面向医学专家系统的汉语分词模块设计与实现

当今开发医学专家系统包括医疗诊断专家系统,医学咨询专家系统,医疗护理专家系统等成为了我国医疗信息化建设的热点之一,而其人机接口的研究是广大医学和信息技术工作者在21世纪中所面临重大挑战.本文所讨论的汉语分词模块是基于理解的自然语言人机接口的基础.该分词模块采用基于词表和基于统计模型二者相结合的技术,其词表以知识的形式存储于专家系统的知识库中,模块全部算法使用规则实施.     

在医学院校开展嵌入式系统教学探讨与实践

本文以医学影像专业影像设备发展趋势为例，介绍了在医学影像专业引入嵌入式系统作为专业基础课程的思想和方法。从教学计划的宏观设计和教学环节的微观调控等方面叙述了在医学影像专业开展嵌入式系统教学的探讨和体会。     

Active-Passive Coping and Skin Conductance and Heart Rate Changes

Sixty subjects were administered 33 tasks, selected from the Raven Progressive Matrices, in conditions that differed by type of monetary reinforcement (reward, frustration, and control group). Subjects were tested in pairs. One subject, assigned as the active one, was asked to solve a problem while the other was only a passive observer. Heart rate level and the amplitude of evoked skin conductance responses were measured. Statistical analysis detected a higher heart rate level in active versus passive subjects at the beginning stage of the experiment, as well as a faster heart rate decrease in the former versus the latter group during subsequent blocks of four tasks. Changes in skin conductance response magnitude during the ensuing task phases exhibited a descending trend in passive subjects and an ascending trend in active subjects. The monetary reinforcement manipulation was not effective. The results support a concept put forward by Fowles (1988), who maintained that tonic heart rate and skin conductance response amplitude may serve as indices of the behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system, respectively, as postulated by Gray's model of arousal.     

Asymmetry of respiratory sounds and thoracic transmission

Breath sounds heard with a stethoscope over homologous sites of both lungs in healthy subjects are presumed to have similar characteristics. Passively transmitted sounds introduced at the mouth, however, are known to lateralise, with right-over-left dominance in power at the anterior upper chest. Both spontaneous breath sounds and passively transmitted sounds are studied in four healthy adults, using contact sensors at homologous sites on the anterior upper and posterior lower chest. At standardised air flow, breath sound intensity shows a right-over-left dominance at the anterior upper chest, similar to passively transmitted sounds. At the posterior lung base, breath sounds are louder on the left, with a trend to similar lateralisation in transmitted sounds. It is likely that the observed asymmetries are related to the effects of cardiovascular structures and airway geometry on sound generation and transmission.     

Feelings and the body: The Jamesian perspective on autonomic specificity of emotion

“What is an emotion?” William James's seminal paper in Mind (1884) proposed the idea that physiological and behavioral responses precede subjective experience in emotions that are marked by “distinct bodily expression.” This notion has broadly inspired the investigation of emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity, a research topic with great longevity. The trajectory of this literature is traced through its major theoretical challenges from the Cannon-Bard, activation, and Schachter-Singer theories, through its rich empirical history in the field of psychophysiology. Although these studies are marked by various findings, the overall trend of the research supports the notion of autonomic specificity for basic emotions. The construct of autonomic specificity continues to influence a number of core theoretical issues in affective science, such as the existence of basic or ‘natural kinds’ of emotion, the structure of affective space, the cognition-emotion relationship, and the function of emotion. Moreover, James's classic paper, which stimulated the emergence of psychology from philosophy and physiology in the latter nineteenth century, remains a dynamic force in contemporary emotion research.     

基于人工智能技术的新冠肺炎辅助诊断研究

新冠肺炎的精准化诊断已经成为全球公共卫生领域关注的热点问题之一.人工智能技术在新冠肺炎的辅助诊断中起到了重要的作用.该文首先对人工智能进行系统介绍,并重点阐述人工智能的发展历程.其次,对基于机器人和机器视觉的新冠肺炎辅助诊断方法进行系统化和层次化报道,并选取经典的人工智能技术对辅助诊断效果进行对比分析.此外,介绍基于专...     

The Effects of SNP Genotyping Errors on the Power of The Cochran-Armitage Linear Trend Test for Case/Control Association Studies

The questions addressed in this paper are: What single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping errors are most costly, in terms of minimum sample size necessary (MSSN) to maintain constant asymptotic power and significance level, when performing case‐control studies of genetic association applying the Cochran‐Armitage trend test? And which trend test or χ² test is more powerful under standard genetic models with genotyping errors? Our strategy is to expand the non‐centrality parameter of the asymptotic distribution of the trend test to approximate the MSSN using a Taylor series linear in the genotyping error rates. We apply our strategy to example scenarios that assume recessive, dominant, additive, or over‐dominant disease models. The most costly errors are recording the more common homozygote as the less common homozygote, and the more common homozygote as the heterozygote, with MSSN that become indefinitely large as the minor SNP allele frequency approaches zero. Misclassifying the heterozygote as the less common homozygote is costly when using the recessive trend test on data from a recessive model. The χ² test has power close to, but less than, the optimal trend test and is never dominated over all genetic models studied by any specific trend test.     

家庭健康指标监护系统的构建

设计一种简单易行的家庭成员健康指标监护系统,实现对被监护人的健康变化做出监督与提醒。通过筛选最常见的可量化的10项人体指标,利用基于运动平板车的家庭成员健康指标监护系统,实时收集指标数据,通过网页上传到远端服务器,定期对收集的数据进行统计,并根据数据变化趋势确定被监护人的健康变化情况,对被监护人提出饮食建议、运动建议和疾病预防建议等。家庭成员健康监护系统的研制与应用,可以初步实现居民个体健康档案的信息化,并通过参数分析,提出有效的健康指导和及时的就医建议,实现了居民在家中和日常生活中的健康监控,对有效降低医疗费用支出、有效控制疾病具有重要作用。     

Fluctuations in HIV-1 viral load are correlated to CD4+ T-lymphocyte count during the natural course of infection

Viral load fluctuates during the natural course of asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. It is often assumed that these fluctuations are random around a set point or underlying growth trend. Using longitudinal data, we tested whether fluctuations in viral load can be better explained by changes in CD4+ T-cell count than by a set point or trend of exponential growth. The correspondence between viral load and CD4+ T-cell count could be described by a simple mathematical relation. Using a bootstrapping approach, the hypothesis that viral load fluctuations are random around a set point was rejected with p < .00005. The hypothesis that viral load fluctuations are random around a trend of exponential growth was rejected with p < .005. Viral load data was explained better by changes in CD4+ T-cell counts than by a set point or by a trend of exponential growth. The implications of this finding for improved prognostication are discussed.     

面向家庭的远程健康监护医疗系统探讨

本文探讨了面向家庭健康监护的远程医疗系统的系统结构，主要技术及其应用模式与发展前景。面向家庭的远程健康监护医疗是一种利用计算机，电子监护设备和互联网，将用户和医院紧密联系起来，实现预防和保健、监护、诊断、康复的综合治疗方式。它是远程医疗应用中跟人群联系最紧密的一种方式，相信它将成为现代医疗方式的一种新的必然趋向。     

Microcomputer-based respiratory function monitoring system using impedance pneumography

Although information concerned with ventilatory dynamics is indispensable, especially with regard to the care of a critically ill patient, the data available is often very limited, because the currently used methods of ascertaining data are invasive and not tolerable for patients who are still conscious and neither intubated nor tracheotomised. From this viewpoint, a respiratory function monitoring system was developed, using a non-invasive ventilatory volume monitor based on the electrical impedance method as a key component. The system is composed of two ventilatory volume monitors connected to two patients and a central monitor. The central monitor acquires online data transmitted from ventilatory volume monitors and stores then in floppy-disc memory together with off-line data, such as blood gases, blood chemistry and urine volume. These data may be retrieved and displayed on a visual display unit in the form of tables, trend graphs or specially designed graphs. Hard copies can be made on demand. According to the accumulated results obtained from respiratory failure patients, it is now clear that the introduction of the system into medical practice would facilitate more accurate analysis of respiratory and circulatory pathophysiology for the type of patient mentioned. Furthermore, the physical responses to various respiratory and circulatory treatments can be obtained in more detail and the course of these patients' illness can be reviewed more systematically.